Final Drugs Spectrum Flashcards
What aerobes and anaerobes do nitroimidazoles cover?
Metronidazole
Aerobes: NONE
Anaerobes:
Clostridium spp. (C. diff)
Peptostreptococcus spp.
Bacteroides fragilis
Bacteroides spp.
Fusobacterium
Prevotella spp.
Veillonella spp.
H. pylori
Does metronidazole cover atypicals?
Yes
Trichomonas vaginalis
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Garderella vaginalis
What aerobes (G+/G-) does clindamycin cover?
Gram-Positive:
- Group streptococci
- Viridans streptococci
- PSSP
- MSSA
- CA-MRSA
Gram-Negatives: NONE
Does clindamycin cover atypicals?
Yes
Pneumocystis carinii/jirovecii
Toxoplasmosis gondii
Plasmodium falciparum
What aerobes do polymyxins cover?
Gram-Positive: NONE
Gram-Negative:
PPEEACKSSS:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter spp.
E. coli
Acinetobacter spp.
Citrobacter spp.
Klebsiella spp.
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Stenotrophomonas maltophila
What anaerobes do polymyxins cover?
NONE (and no atypicals)
What aerobes does trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cover?
Gram positives:
- MSSA
- CA-MRSA
Gram negatives:
HENPEACKSSS:
H. influenzae
E. coli
Neisseria spp.
P. mirabilis
Enterobacter spp.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Citrobacter spp.
K. pneumoniae
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Serratia spp.
- and Stenotrophomonas maltophila
NOT pseudomonas
What anaeobes does TMP-SMX cover?
NONE
What atypical does TMP-SMX cover?
pneumocystis carinii/jirovecii
What anaerobes do the tetracycline analogs cover?
tigecycline, eravacycline, omadacycline
Gram-Positive:
Group streptococci
Viridans streptococci
Enterococcus faecalis
MSSA
MRSA
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram-Negative:
EEACKSSS:
E. coli
Enterobacter spp.
Acinetobacter spp.
Citrobacter spp.
Klebsiella spp.
Serratia marcescens
Stenotrophomonas maltophila
NO proteus spp. or pseudomonas
Do the tetracycline analogs cover anaerobes?
Yes, lots!
Actinomyces spp.
Propionibacterium spp.
Peptrostreptococcus spp.
Clostridium perfringens
Bacteroides spp.
Prevotella spp.
What anaerobes do tetracyclines cover?
tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
Gram-Positive: (minocycline & doxycycline most active)
some: Group streptococci, Viridans streptococci, Enterococcus spp., MSSA
PSSP
Bacillus spp.
Listeria spp.
Nocardia spp.
Gram-Negative:
H. influenzae
H. ducreyi
Campylobacter jejuni
H. pyelo
Acinetobacter baumannii (IV minocycline)
Do the tetracyclines cover anaerobes or atypicals?
Yes for both
Anaerobes:
- actinomyces spp.
- propionibacterium spp.
Atypicals:
- Legionella pneumophila
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila psittaci
What aerobes do the macrolides cover?
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
Gram-Positive: C > E > A
Group streptococci
Viridans streptococci
PSSP
MSSA
Bacillus spp.
Corynebacterium spp.
Gram-Negative: A > C > E
H. influenzae (not erythromycin)
Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseria spp.
Do the macrolides cover atypicals or anaerobes?
Yes to both
Atypicals:
Legionella pneumophila
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Treponema paddium
Mycobacterium avium complex (A and C)
Anaerobes: only above the diaphragm
What aerobes do the fluoroquinolones cover?
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, delafloxacin
Gram-Positive: ciprofloxacin has poor activity, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin have enhanced activity
Group steptococci
Viridans streptococci
limited Enterococcus spp.
PSSP
PRSP (not ciprofloxacin)
MSSA
**MRSA (delafloxacin) **
Gram-Negative: C, L, D, > M
HENPECKSSS:
H. influenzae
E. coli
Neisseria spp.
Proteus spp.
Enterobacter spp.
Citrobacter spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens
Shigella spp.
Salmonella spp.
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Morganella morganii
- Campylobacter
- Providencia spp.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C > L > D, no M)
Do the fluoroquinolones cover any atypiclas?
Yes, they are extremely active against legionella
What aerobes do the aminolgycosides cover?
gentamicin, tobramycin, plazomicin, amikacin
Gram-Positive: never used alone - gentamicin is best
Viridans streptococci
Enterococcus spp. (gentamicin)
most S. aureus & coagulase- negative staphylococci
Gram-Negative: A, P > T > G
PPPEEACKSSS:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus spp.
Providencia spp.
E. Coli
Enterobacter spp.
plazo does not cover any of the ACKSSS
Acinetobacter spp.
Citrobacter spp.
Klebsiella spp.
Salmonella spp.
Serratia marcescens
Shigella spp.
- Morganella morganii
Do aminoglycosides cover anaerobes?
NONE
What aerobes do the lipoglycopeptides cover?
telavaincin, oritavancin, dalbavancin
Gram-Positive:
Group streptococci
Viridans streptococci
PSSP
PRSP
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
some VRE (not oritavancin)
MSSA
**MRSA **
VISA
VRSA (oritavancin)
Gram-Negative: NONE
What aerobes do lipopeptides cover?
daptomycin
Gram-Positive:
Group streptococci
Viridans streptococci
PSSP
PRSP
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
VRE
MSSA
MRSA
VRSA
LRSA
Corynebacterium jeikeium
Gram-Negative: NONE
What aerobes do the oxazolidinones cover?
Gram-Positive:
Group streptococci
Viridans streptococci
PSSP
PRSP
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
VRE
MSSA
MRSA
VRSA
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus spp.
Gram-Negative: NONE
Do oxazolidinones cover anaerobes or atypics?
Yes to both
Anaerobes:
- Clostridium (not C. diff)
- Peptostreptococcus spp.
- Propionibacterium acnes
Atypicals: linezolid has some activity, but it’s not used clinicaly for atypicals
What aerobes do the streptogramins cover?
Gram-Positive:
Group streptococci
Viridans streptococci
PSSP
PRSP
Enterococcus faecium ONLY
VRE (E. faecium ONLY)
MSSA
MRSA
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram-Negative: limited activity
Neisseria spp.
Moraxella spp.
Do the streptogramins cover anaerobes or atypicals?
Yes to both
Anaerobes:
- Clostridium (not C. diff)
- Peptostreptococcus spp.
Atypicals:
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What aerobes does vancomycin cover?
Gram-Positive:
Group A, B, C, D, F, G Streptococci
Viridans streptococci
PSSP
PRSP
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
MSSA
MRSA
Corynebacterium spp.
Listeria monocytogenes
Actinomyces
Clostridium spp.
Gram-Negative: NONE
