Final Drugs Flashcards
Bethanecol
Muscarinic agonist.
Used to increase bladder contractility.
Pilocarpine
Muscarinic agonist.
Used in eye to decrease intraocular pressure.
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonist
Crosses BBB
Glycopyrrolate
Muscarinic antagonist
Does not cross BBB
Tropicamide
Muscarinic antagonist
Used in the eye
Atracurium
Neuromuscular blocker
Non-depolarizing (competitive) block
Minimal histamine release
Can reverse with AChE inhibitors
Succinylcholine
Neuromuscular blocker
Depolarizing block
AChE inhibitors make block worse
Neostigmine
AChE inhibitor
Does not cross BBB
Edrophonium
AChE inhibitor
Does not cross BBB
Short acting so used for diagnostic purposes
Carbamate-type AChE inhibitor
Insecticide
Reversible
Organophosphate-type AChE inhibitor
Insecticide
Irreversible after first 15 hours
Reversible before with oxides
Epinephrine
Short acting adrenergic agonist
Preferential binding to beta over alpha
Norepinephrine
Short acting adrenergic agonist
Only a1, a2, and b1
Dopamine
Short acting adrenergic agonist
D1 and D2 receptors and some b1
Dobutamine
Short acting adrenergic agonist
Synthetic
Selective beta agonist (b1>b2)
Terbutaline
Long acting beta selective agonist
Very effective bronchodilator (b2)
Clenbuterol
Long acting beta selective agonist
Banned in food animals
Bronchodilator (b2)
Phenylephrine
Long acting alpha selective agonist
Constricts smooth muscles (a1)
Xylazine
Long acting alpha selective agonist
Sedation/analgesia
Decreases sympathetic outflow (a2)
Phenylpropanolamine
Long acting alpha selective agonist
Indirect acting
Used to constrict urinary bladder
Sotalol
Non-selective beta antagonist
Decrease sympathetic tone on heart and blood pressure via B1
Never use in asthmatics (b2 block)
Timolol
Non-selective beta antagonist
Used to reduce intraocular fluid formation
Metaprolol
B1 selective antagonist
Cardiac block with no effect in lung
Atenolol
B1 selective antagonist
Cardiac block with no effect in lung
Prazosin
Alpha selective antagonist (a1)
Used to reduce vasoconstriction and hypertonus of the urethral sphincter
Yohimbine
Alpha selective antagonist (a2)
Used to reverse a2 agonist sedation
Diphenhydramine
H1-selective antagonist
Crosses BBB (sedative)
1st generation antihistamine
Significant anti-cholinergic effects
Chlorpheniramine
H1-selective antagonist
Crosses BBB (sedation but less than diphenhydramine)
1st generation antihistamine
Significant anti-cholinergic effects
Cimetidine/ranitidine/famotidine
H2-selective antagonist
Listed from most potent to most long-lasting
Reduce gastric acid secretion
Amitriptyline
Indirect acting agonist of serotonin (reuptake pump inhibitor)
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Blocks both 5-HT and NE uptake
Significant anti-cholinergic effects
Clomipramine
Indirect acting agonist of serotonin (reuptake pump inhibitor)
Blocks both 5-HT and NE uptake
Significant anti-cholinergic effects
Fluoxetine
Indirect acting agonist of serotonin (reuptake pump inhibitor)
SSRI (no NE uptake blocked)
Lacks anti-cholinergic effects of TCAs
Buspirone
Direct acting agonist of serotonin - partial 5HT1a agonist
Used for behavior or motion sickness
Metaclopramide
Pro kinetic - 5-HT4 receptor agonist
Releases ACh in the gut to stimulate gut movement
Anti-emetic
Ondansetron
Anti-emetic - 5-HT3 antagonist
Used for chemotherapy nausea
Works in both periphery and brain stem
Adenosine
Purinergic drug, adenosine agonist
Short acting
Endogenous
Used for supra ventricular tachycardia
Theophylline
Purinergic drug - Adenosine antagonist
Smooth muscle relaxation - bronchodilation
Misoprostol
Prostaglandin
PGE1 analog
decrease acid secretion and increase mucus in GI tract to repair gastric surfaces
Dinoprost tromethamine
Prostaglandin
Salt of naturally occurring PGF2a
Estrus synchronization, luteolysis, and uterine contraction
Latanoprost
Prostaglandin
PGF2a analog
Used in eye for improved intraocular drainage
Maropitant
Agent acting on peptide receptor
NK1 receptor antagonist
Blocks action of substance P for anti-causea/antiemetic effects
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic
Non-reabsorbed osmolyte
Used to reduce cerebral edema and intraocular pressure
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic
Weak diuretic and may cause loss of bicarbonate leading to metabolic acidosis
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
Inhibits Cl/Na/K symporter in LOH
Most potent diuretic
Chlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
Modest diuretic
Inhibits Na/Cl electroneutral symporter in distal tubule
Amiloride
Potassium sparing diuretic
Blocks Na channel in collecting duct
Mild diuretic
Spironolactone
Potassium sparing diuretic
Aldosterone antagonist
Modest diuretic
