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Pharmacology > Final Drugs > Flashcards

Final Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanecol

A

Muscarinic agonist.

Used to increase bladder contractility.

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2
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic agonist.

Used in eye to decrease intraocular pressure.

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3
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Crosses BBB

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4
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Does not cross BBB

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5
Q

Tropicamide

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Used in the eye

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6
Q

Atracurium

A

Neuromuscular blocker
Non-depolarizing (competitive) block
Minimal histamine release
Can reverse with AChE inhibitors

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7
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular blocker
Depolarizing block
AChE inhibitors make block worse

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8
Q

Neostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor

Does not cross BBB

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9
Q

Edrophonium

A

AChE inhibitor
Does not cross BBB
Short acting so used for diagnostic purposes

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10
Q

Carbamate-type AChE inhibitor

A

Insecticide

Reversible

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11
Q

Organophosphate-type AChE inhibitor

A

Insecticide
Irreversible after first 15 hours
Reversible before with oxides

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12
Q

Epinephrine

A

Short acting adrenergic agonist

Preferential binding to beta over alpha

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13
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Short acting adrenergic agonist

Only a1, a2, and b1

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14
Q

Dopamine

A

Short acting adrenergic agonist

D1 and D2 receptors and some b1

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15
Q

Dobutamine

A

Short acting adrenergic agonist
Synthetic
Selective beta agonist (b1>b2)

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16
Q

Terbutaline

A

Long acting beta selective agonist

Very effective bronchodilator (b2)

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17
Q

Clenbuterol

A

Long acting beta selective agonist
Banned in food animals
Bronchodilator (b2)

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18
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Long acting alpha selective agonist

Constricts smooth muscles (a1)

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19
Q

Xylazine

A

Long acting alpha selective agonist
Sedation/analgesia
Decreases sympathetic outflow (a2)

20
Q

Phenylpropanolamine

A

Long acting alpha selective agonist
Indirect acting
Used to constrict urinary bladder

21
Q

Sotalol

A

Non-selective beta antagonist
Decrease sympathetic tone on heart and blood pressure via B1
Never use in asthmatics (b2 block)

22
Q

Timolol

A

Non-selective beta antagonist

Used to reduce intraocular fluid formation

23
Q

Metaprolol

A

B1 selective antagonist

Cardiac block with no effect in lung

24
Q

Atenolol

A

B1 selective antagonist

Cardiac block with no effect in lung

25
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha selective antagonist (a1)

Used to reduce vasoconstriction and hypertonus of the urethral sphincter

26
Q

Yohimbine

A

Alpha selective antagonist (a2)

Used to reverse a2 agonist sedation

27
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

H1-selective antagonist
Crosses BBB (sedative)
1st generation antihistamine
Significant anti-cholinergic effects

28
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

H1-selective antagonist
Crosses BBB (sedation but less than diphenhydramine)
1st generation antihistamine
Significant anti-cholinergic effects

29
Q

Cimetidine/ranitidine/famotidine

A

H2-selective antagonist
Listed from most potent to most long-lasting
Reduce gastric acid secretion

30
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Indirect acting agonist of serotonin (reuptake pump inhibitor)
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Blocks both 5-HT and NE uptake
Significant anti-cholinergic effects

31
Q

Clomipramine

A

Indirect acting agonist of serotonin (reuptake pump inhibitor)
Blocks both 5-HT and NE uptake
Significant anti-cholinergic effects

32
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Indirect acting agonist of serotonin (reuptake pump inhibitor)
SSRI (no NE uptake blocked)
Lacks anti-cholinergic effects of TCAs

33
Q

Buspirone

A

Direct acting agonist of serotonin - partial 5HT1a agonist

Used for behavior or motion sickness

34
Q

Metaclopramide

A

Pro kinetic - 5-HT4 receptor agonist
Releases ACh in the gut to stimulate gut movement
Anti-emetic

35
Q

Ondansetron

A

Anti-emetic - 5-HT3 antagonist
Used for chemotherapy nausea
Works in both periphery and brain stem

36
Q

Adenosine

A

Purinergic drug, adenosine agonist
Short acting
Endogenous
Used for supra ventricular tachycardia

37
Q

Theophylline

A

Purinergic drug - Adenosine antagonist

Smooth muscle relaxation - bronchodilation

38
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin
PGE1 analog
decrease acid secretion and increase mucus in GI tract to repair gastric surfaces

39
Q

Dinoprost tromethamine

A

Prostaglandin
Salt of naturally occurring PGF2a
Estrus synchronization, luteolysis, and uterine contraction

40
Q

Latanoprost

A

Prostaglandin
PGF2a analog
Used in eye for improved intraocular drainage

41
Q

Maropitant

A

Agent acting on peptide receptor
NK1 receptor antagonist
Blocks action of substance P for anti-causea/antiemetic effects

42
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic
Non-reabsorbed osmolyte
Used to reduce cerebral edema and intraocular pressure

43
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic

Weak diuretic and may cause loss of bicarbonate leading to metabolic acidosis

44
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic
Inhibits Cl/Na/K symporter in LOH
Most potent diuretic

45
Q

Chlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic
Modest diuretic
Inhibits Na/Cl electroneutral symporter in distal tubule

46
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium sparing diuretic
Blocks Na channel in collecting duct
Mild diuretic

47
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium sparing diuretic
Aldosterone antagonist
Modest diuretic

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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