Final Deck Specific Topics Flashcards
Trusts
Simple
Complex
POD / Trotten Trust
Bond math & treasury vs corporate bonds
What is value of corp bond 103 1/4
Terms of maturity of debt instruments
What are TIPS
What are STRIPS
Corporate and municipal: 103 1/4 = 103 & 2/8 = 1032.5
Treasury: Each point is $10, and each .1 represents 1/32 of $10 // 90.8 = 902.50
Bills Notes Bonds - in order of length
T-Bills - short term debt obligation of gov’t, 13-week / 91-day T bills, no interest, issued at discount from par value, paid on principal at maturity, HIGH liquidity
US T Notes - obligation of gov’t 2-10 year maturity, regular semi-annual interest, non callable
US T Bonds - 10-30 years, non callable
TIPS- increases principal only, not coupon rate
Stripped U.S. Treasury - Zero coupon bond, no cash flows to reinvest and therefore no reinvestment risk
All debt securities have interest rate risk & reinvestment risk (except zero coupon)
An investor is considering a 10-year stripped U.S. Treasury and a 10-year U.S. Treasury note, both with a yield to maturity of 4.8%. Compared to the note, the strip has less reinvestment risk and more interest rate risk. Remember, the duration of a zero-coupon bond is its maturity date while any debt security paying periodic interest (Treasury notes pay semiannually) will always have a duration shorter than its length to maturity.
Financial statements
Income statement
Statement of cash flow
Balance sheet (person)
Balance sheet (corp)
CA
CL
Capitalization
Income statement (profit loss / P&L): Revenue, COGS, pre-tax income
Statement of cash flow – income, expenses, taxes
Balance sheet:
- asset - liabilities = net worth / owners equity
- asset = liabilities + owners equity / shareholder equity
(shows assets and liabilities, not income and expenses)
- Current assets: all cash & other assets expected to be converted in next 12 months. // Current examples: Cash, accounts receivable, accounts, inventory, pre-paid expenses
- Fixed assets: property, plant, equipment // depreciate over time & deductible on taxable income
- Current liabilities: corporate debt obligations due within 12 months // Accounts payable, accrued wages, current long term debt (portion due within 12 months), notes payable, accrued taxes
- Long term liabilities: Long term debts // mortgages, outstanding corporate bonds, long term promissory notes, tax deferred credit
Capitalization: long term debt + equity securities
Stock split does not impact shareholder equity
Practical Economics for Investors
inertial inflation: where the rate of price increases reaches a stable equilibrium (steady increase) and stays there until a shock to the system occurs
Loans between banks, usually on an overnight basis, are made at the federal funds rate. It is the most volatile of the money market rates. The discount rate is the rate charged when banks borrow directly from the Federal Reserve.
monetarist economic position: The amount of money in the economy determines the overall price level over time; therefore, the Federal Reserve should control the growth of the amount of money in the economy in a gradual and predictable way.
Yield curve benchmark tool: a single issuer over varying maturities. The most common yield curves are drawn using U.S. Treasury securities
Fiscal - gov’t spending & taxation
Monetary - FRB, inflation
Keynesian - demand goes down, unemployment will increase
Trade deficit - excess of imports vs exports
Trade surplus - excess of exports vs imports
Strong economy - inflation, too much money, FRB sells T bills to take money out of circulation, interest rates go up, value of the $ goes up, exports go down
Weak economy - Deflation, not enough money, FRB buys T bills to send money into circulation, interest rates go down, value of $ goes down, exports increase
Strong economy exports decrease
Weak economy exports increase
(a strong domestic currency hampers exports and makes imports cheaper)
Buy limit / sell stops SL BS / BL SS
Sell - stop / limit orders –> Hedge against long position –> you own a stock for $30, the risk is it falls to zero, a sell stop / limit hedges against that. Stop orders, once TRIGGERED, then becomes a limit order, and goes at whatever the next market price is. Sell Limit orders you are guaranteed to get that price or better.
Buy - stop / limit orders - Hedge against short stock position –> short stock position can be incredibly risky, open a margin account, borrow stock, and sell stock immediately at $50, and at some point you HAVE TO BUY BACK at a LOWER Point to then return to your broker dealer, however the loss could be unlimited.
Buy stop –> TRIGGERS to make the order (lets start talking about buying to mitigate loss) –> then becomes a buy limit —> and it would need to be BELOW the market price.
SL (sell at the price or higher) BS (trigger)
BL (buy at price or lower) SS (trigger)
Simply put
Sell limit: sell at that price or higher
Buy stop: trigger the order at this price or higher
Buy limit: buy at that price or lower
Sell stop: Trigger at that price or lower
Sell: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG-wM8x3Btw
Buy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPmfjfgMeSg
Cyclical vs defensive vs counter cyclical
How capital gains work - individual vs filed jointly
IRS forms for each business entity
Annuity’s
All are sold through life insurance.
Fixed Annuities
- Guaranteed return (No investment risk, has inflation risk, not a security)
Variable Annuity – Non-qualified, Tax deferred (10% penalty for dist. Prior to 59 1⁄2)
- Taxed in excess of basis (LIFO) as ordinary income
- Surrender charges
- theoretically, no limit as to how much one could earn with a variable annuity
- When a variable annuity is annuitized, the number of annuity units redeemed each payment period remains constant
Index-Based Annuity
- Participation Rate determines return
- Index up 10% + Part. Rate 80% → Investor Return = 8% 2. Valuation done by using point-to-point method
- EIAs almost always come with a cap rate, a ceiling beyond which earnings cannot be credited to the investor’s account.
Life insurance
Whole life
Premium - fixed
Schedule Death Benefit - guarenteed
Cash Value - guaranteed
Accounts - general
Variable life
Premium - fixed
Schedule Death Benefit - minimum
Cash Value - not guaranteed
Accounts - general, seperate
Variable universal
Premium - flexible (can skip)
Schedule Death Benefit - not guaranteed
Cash Value - not guaranteed
Accounts - Separate only
Equations (discounted cash flow, IRR, etc)
REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES
NON-EXEMPT ( Corp. Securities)
EXEMPT TRANSACTION:
▪ Unsolicited
▪ Financial Inst.
▪ Issuer/UW
▪ Private Placements ▪ Fiduciaries
o Sherriff, trustee in B/K
o IsolatedNon-issuertrans.
Under the Uniform Securities Act..
- A registration statement may be filed by an issuer itself, a broker-dealer, or any other person on whose behalf the offering is to be made.
- Registration of an agent is not effective when the agent is not associated with a broker-dealer registered under the act.
A broker-dealer with an office in this state would be defined as an investment adviser if it..
- A fee for selling investment research and additional fees in the form of commissions for the sale of securities
- Fees for investment research sold exclusively to institutions located in this state
- If a person is in the business of selling research for a fee, that person or firm meets the definition of an investment adviser.
SELLING RESEARCH & RECIEVES COMP