Brian Lee Video Flashcard Notes
Comparing corporate bond to municipal bond equation
muni yield / 100% - TB (tax backet)
Demand Deposit
Checking account / no interest (income)
CD
Bank CD, also doesn’t pay income, paid interest once matured.
Money market
Short term, high quality, DEBT
Highly liquid & safe
PAY income
NOT guaranteed
NOT insured
Commercial paper
TBills
Term certificates of deposit (CD’s)
T-bills
repurchase agreements (repos)
Money market mutual funds
Characteristics of the following:
UIT
Open end management companies
Closed end management companies
ETF
REIT
Similarity:
UIT & Open end
- Securities act ‘33 reason they have prospectus
- All are ‘pooled’ & clear investment objective
- Find the investment objective in prospectus
- All shares purchased are ‘new shares’
- Value based on all stocks / bonds inside pool
- Closes 4pm ET is when pricing, add up all stocks/bonds/etc - incurred costs = NAV
- NAV calculated ONCE per day end of day
- Sell shares BACK to investment company, not on the market, REDEEMED securities, sold back to them
- Trade ONCE per day, end of day and sold AT NAV (+ sales charge)
Closed End:
- IPO issue shares one time, and shares are traded in the secondary market
- Trade throughout the day, they can trade anywhere in relation to NAV, which means it is traded on secondary
- SUPPLY & DEMAND
- Purchase at market price
ETF: Similar to closed end
- IPO issue shares one time, and shares are traded in the secondary market
- THEY TRACK AN INDEX (think Fidelity FXAIX)
- Low management fees
- Low expenses
- Buy & sell throughout the day
- Passive management
REIT:
- Rental income
- Mortgage income
- Trade in secondary markets
- INCOME investment tool
NAV
Total worth - liabilities = NAV
(net worth of a company)
security act 33 vs 44
33 - regulates primary / new issue markets
34 - when traded in secondary
NAV per share calculation
NAV divided by outstanding shares
Max sales charge for Open End
8.5%
Why limited partnerships (alternative investment), what are the advantages?
It is a viable business, yes there are tax benefits, but that is a secondary benefit.
Hedge funds (alternative)
- Loosely regulated and unregistered with SEC
- Options, derivatives, buying on margin - a lot more highly speculative strategies a mutual fund can’t
Structured investment (alternative investment)
Equity Linked Note (ELN). It is linked to an equity security, typically an index, regular income from interest, but principal is linked to the return of an underlying equity index
Fixed annuity vs Variable annuity
Purely insurance product not security - fixed - and has a guaranteed return. NO investment risk. There is inflationary risk and purchasing power risk due to this.
Variable annuity - no guaranteed return, IS A SECURITY, a VEHICLE TO INVEST FOR RETIREMENT, NOT AT RETIREMENT. The investment vehicle inside the product is registered with SEC, referred to as a SEPERATE ACCOUNT. INVESTMENT GROWS TAX DEFERRED and PENALTY for early withdraw 10% before 59.5
LIFO
TAXED - ordinary income
Customer has equity based annuity with a 80% participation rate, if market goes up 10% what would the customer return be?
8%
index goes down, you are guaranteed against loss, so it would remain the sam
Non qualified variable annuity
Initial investments are all AFTER tax money, money you’ve already paid taxes on. I.e. 20k will represent cost basis, since you’ve paid taxes, and over the course of life it grows. You will only be taxed on capital gains and earnings.
When you start taking money out. LIFO
Life insurance needs analysis
What needs for insurance are, how much death benefit do you need based on your own situation, use a needs analysis to determine what is adequate
Types of life insurance
Whole life - everything guaranteed, death benefit, cash value too & require fixed premium
Variable life - minimum guaranteed death benefit, but investment return is not & require fixed premium
Variable universal - no guarantees, they only use separate account - flexible premium
Fiscal policy
Monetary policy
Fiscal - Government spending & Taxes
Monetary - Controlled by FRB - control inflation, as tied to money supply, often they will do is to buy or sell gov’t securities. Buying T BILLS puts more money into banks hands, increases money supply & eases. Selling T BILLS to banks takes money out of banks decreasing supply.
This can increase or decrease interest rates. Make it harder to get money - increase interest rates.
Too much money and.. chasing too few goods
Inflation
Deflation
To little money
Inverted yield
Decreasing interest rates
Going into a recession
Normal yield curve
Increasing interest rates
Leading
Coincident
lagging indicators
predict where we are in the business cycle
Leading - where will be 6-9 months
- unemployment rate
- S&P 500
- Orders for durable goods
- Money supply
- Housing permits
Coincident
- GDP
- manufacturing
lagging
- inventory
- duration of unemployment
Balance of payments
Debit - when we buy foreign automobiles or corp pay dividends to foreign investors - money is going OUT
Credit - Foreign investors
Balance sheet
A - L = net worth - fine for customers
Corporate balance sheet
Assets = Liabilities + shareholder equity
CA Current asset
- cash & cash equivalent (money market securities)
- account recievable
- inventory
FA
- plant and equiptment
CL curent liabilities
- wages
- accounts payable
- this year interest on outstanding loans
LTL long term liabilities
- interest on outstanding debt
Current ratio
Current ratio = CA / CL
Quick ratio / acid test
(always think current ration excluding inventory - easier calculation)
CA (excluding inventory) / CL
