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Personality > Final (cumulative portion) > Flashcards

Final (cumulative portion) Flashcards

1
Q

western philosophers

A

Hobbes and Rousseau

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2
Q

eastern philosophers

A

dalai lama and Tich Nhat Hahn

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3
Q

Hobbes theory of human nature

A

People are innately selfish and power seeking

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4
Q

Hobbes theory of government

A

centralized and strong gov that prevents humans from acting according to their selfish urges

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5
Q

Rousseau theory of human nature

A

people are innately kind and compassionate (derived through experience with native Americans)

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6
Q

Rousseau theory of government

A

should work mainly to minimize inequalities

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7
Q

pacification process

A

as European villages became industrialized and adopted a centralized government , violence levels decreased

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8
Q

psychologists critique of Hobbes and Rousseau

A
  • sweeping inferences from limited evidence
  • doesn’t take into account individual differences
  • personality is a compilation of various processes
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9
Q

The Dalai Lama’s theory of human nature

A

people are innately gentle and derive pleasure from helping others

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10
Q

Tich Nhat Hahn’s theory of human nature (part 1)

A

humans are motivated by contentment

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11
Q

chronic dissatisfaction

A

caused by dispersion and wrong perceptions

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12
Q

Tich Nhat Hahn’s theory of human nature (part 2)

A

seed theory: we are born with innate potentialities that are fostered by our experiences in life and either displayed or not

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13
Q

modern scientific conception of human nature

A
  • traits aren’t programmed or learned
  • seeds theory (ppl have innate potentialities that can grow or not)
  • nature is strengthened by nurture
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14
Q

psychoanalytic fundamentals

A
  • unconsciousness
  • division among mental aspects
  • psychic conflict
  • limited mental energy
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15
Q

counter will

A

acting against own will, evidence for the existence of the unconscious

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16
Q

problem of preoccupation

A

having psychic conflict without reasonable compromise will affect performance in other life aspects; associated with limited mental energy

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17
Q

psychic conflict

A

different mental aspects (id, ego, superego) have differing priorities which requires compromise

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18
Q

Freud’s components of personality

A

id, ego, superego

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19
Q

id

A

instincts, pleasure principle

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20
Q

ego

A

rationality, reality principle

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21
Q

superego

A

morality, shame

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22
Q

reaction formation

A

ignoring threatening thoughts/feelings by projecting opposite ones

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23
Q

sublimation

A

channeling threatening impulses into acceptable outlets (aka catharsis)

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24
Q

repression

A

present in all defense mechanisms, keeping threatening material out of consciousness

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25
Q

revealing the unconscious

A

this is the goal of psychoanalysis
- studying inexplicable responses
- observing repeated patterns in adult relationships from early child-parent ones

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26
Q

id centered personality

A

pursuing impulses, unhealthy

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27
Q

superego dominated personality

A

inner critic, unhealthy

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28
Q

ego primarily

A

choices are rational (increased benefits, reduced costs), healthy

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29
Q

oral stage of psychosexual development

A
  • id focused - achieving oral gratification
  • based on dependence and trust vs withdrawal and mistrust
  • relates to Ainsworth’s attachment theory
30
Q

secure attachment style

A
  • child cries when left and is quickly soothed upon return
  • indicates attentive parenting
31
Q

anxious ambivalent attachment style

A
  • child cries when left and is not easily soothed upon return
  • indicates inconsistent parenting
32
Q

avoidant attachment style

A
  • child has no reaction when parent leaves or returns
  • indicates neglectful parenting
33
Q

Alfred Adler’s lifestyle types

A
  • benevolence
  • malevolence
  • egoism
34
Q

benevolent lifestyle type

A

focus on taking care of others, high social interest

35
Q

malevolent lifestyle type

A

putting others down, low social interest

36
Q

egoist lifestyle type

A

indifference toward others, only focused on self, low social interest

37
Q

striving

A

different types of this (high or low social interest) determine lifestyle type

38
Q

Adler’s perspective on the healthy personality

A

striving with social interest

39
Q

Karen Horney’s theory on basic anxiety

A

result of poor parenting, feeling small and insignificant

40
Q

Horney’s idealized self image

A

convincing self of importance

41
Q

Horney’s perspective of psychological health

A

having an accurate self awareness, not having any grandiose self images

42
Q

Horney’s 3 image + trend combinations

A
  • saint type
  • superior competitor type
  • strong/independent type
43
Q

saint type

A

idealized self image: compassionate and good
neurotic trend: moving toward others, offering compassion and seeking validation

44
Q

Horney’s neurotic trend theory

A

ways that people relate to others

45
Q

superior competitor type

A

idealized self image: smarter, more creative and skilled than others
neurotic trend: moving against others, proving betterness

46
Q

strong/independent type

A

idealized self image: not needing others validation
neurotic trend: moving away from others, “I don’t need you”

47
Q

principle of behaviorism

A

behavioral propensities are solely determined through learning, people start with no characteristics (tabula rasa - John Locke)

48
Q

classical conditioning

A

stimulus response psychology

49
Q

unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov study

A

food

50
Q

conditioned stimulus in Pavlov study

A

bell

51
Q

unconditioned response in Pavlov study

A

salivation for food

52
Q

conditioned response in Pavlov study

A

salivation for bell

53
Q

operant conditioning

A

response stimulus psychology

54
Q

positive reinforcement

A

adding a positive stimulus after behavior, increases behavior likelihood

55
Q

negative reinforcement

A

subtracting a negative stimulus after behavior, increases behavior likelihood

56
Q

punishment

A

adding a negative stimulus after behavior decreases behavior likelihood

57
Q

overjustification effect

A

reason to go easy on reinforcement
- humans have a need for self determination
- too much reinforcement decreases desire to perform behavior

58
Q

extinction process

A

likelihood of extinction decreases when reinforcement is less obvious (out of conscious awareness)

59
Q

Rotter’s expectancy value theory

A

predicted consequences (expectancies) and the personal value you attach to them (reinforcement values) lead to decision making

60
Q

Rotter’s theory of psychological health

A

good expectancies and reinforcement values that lead to quality decision making

61
Q

Rotter’s theory of behavioral potential

A

deciding what to do involves considering what you think will happen

62
Q

Bandura’s self efficacy theory

A

your behavioral choices are based on what you think you are capable of

63
Q

difference between self efficacy and expectancy value

A

beliefs about yourself vs expected external consequences

64
Q

phenomenological approach

A

everyone has a characteristic style of reality construal
personality = type of meaning we create through mental conception

65
Q

George Kelly’s personal construct theory

A

our personal habits of interpretation determine our personal objective experience

66
Q

Frankl’s existentialist view

A

people are motivated by finding meaning and purpose in life - achieved by saying yes to life

67
Q

terror management theory

A

people find meaning by identifying with groups - when people recognize their own mortality they connect to something timeless

68
Q

Carl Roger’s humanist view

A

people are motivated by a self actualizing tendency, the discovery of their true self

69
Q

conditions of worth

A
  • things we feel we must do to earn respect
  • hinder self actualization
  • achievement and selflessness based
70
Q

Abraham Maslow’s humanist view

A

people strive toward deficiency needs and growth needs

71
Q

deficiency needs

A
  • love, belonging, safety
  • achieve typical psychological health
72
Q

growth needs

A
  • self actualization
  • achieve extreme psychological health

Personality (3 decks)

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