Final (Cumulative Everything)

Question 1

Ethics-

Answer 1

the study of choices

Question 2

Philosophy-

Answer 2

Love of wisdom

“Phil”-love “sophia”- wisdom

Question 3

What do ethical thinking and actions do?

Answer 3

take care for the basic needs and legitimate expectations of others as well as our own

Question 4

what is “taking care?”

Answer 4

Looking into or investigating something

being conscientious

Sustaining and Furthering Something

Question 5

Ethical Avoidance Disorders-

Answer 5

Common Pitfalls people stumble into when faced with ethical thinking.

Question 6

Flying by instinct

Answer 6

relying on gut feelings

Question 7

Offhand Self Justification

Answer 7

Thinking as little as possible

Question 8

Dogmatism

Answer 8

No other view is right but your own

your argument rests on asserting that you are right

Question 9

Psychological Egoism

Answer 9

The view that everyone is selfish

Question 10

Relativism

Answer 10

Any moral opinion is better than any other

Question 11

Wangari Maathi

Answer 11

Kenyan who started planting trees 30 years ago.

Question 12

Nelson Mandela

Answer 12

Worked to end apartheid in South Africa

Question 13

Desmond Tutu

Answer 13

Anglican Bishop in South Africa

Question 14

Muhammad Yunus

Answer 14

Bangladeshi Banker

Gave loans to poor people

Question 15

Jody Williams

Answer 15

Started a campaign to ban land mines

Question 16

How do we make change?

Answer 16

• there is no one way
• keep at it
• aim high
• use creativity
• stay open to complexity
• there is no way to ethics, ethics is the way

Question 17

Problem-

Answer 17

A state where there is a gap between where the problem solver is and where they want to be

Question 18

Well-defined problems-

Answer 18

problems with a single answer

Question 19

ill-defined problems-

Answer 19

problems with many correct answers

Question 20

Problem planning and representation-

Answer 20

best way to solve a problem is to devise the best representation

good visual representations can help readers

Question 21

Vertical Thinking-

Answer 21

Thinking that is logical & straightforward

Question 22

Lateral Thinking-

Answer 22

Thinking “around” a problem

Question 23

Sensitivity-

Answer 23

our responsiveness to the information we perceive through the senses

Question 24

Synergy-

Answer 24

bringing together of seemingly disparate parts into a useful and functioning whole

Question 25

Serendipity- `

Answer 25

an unexpected, happy discovery

Question 26

Creativity is a ________ process

Answer 26

cognitive

Question 27

Values-

Answer 27

things we care about, that matter to us

Question 28

Moral Values-

Answer 28

introduce the question of what others are entitled to ask from us and what we are entitled to ask for ourselves

Question 29

4 Families of Ethical Values

Answer 29

Persons Happiness Virtue Relationships

Question 30

Justice-

Answer 30

working to solve the root of the problem

Question 31

Charity-

Answer 31

working to help in immediate problems

Question 32

Categorical Imperative-

Answer 32

an obligation that applies to us regardless of other goals or situations

Question 33

Act only on a maxim that you can will to be _____

Answer 33

moral law

Question 34

Utilitarianism-

Answer 34

Relies on the principle of unity - Act always in such a way that you maximize the pleasure of everyone - Founders Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill 4 key parts: maximize, pleasure, everyone involved, long term consequences

Question 35

Consequentialism-

Answer 35

A moral theory is consequentialist if it is most concerned with what the outcomes are

Question 36

Problem of the Future-

Answer 36

we can never be sure about the consequences

Question 37

Willing to Sacrifice Minority-

Answer 37

Majority > Minority

Question 38

Measurement Problem-

Answer 38

No way to measure pleasure

Question 39

Swine Objection-

Answer 39

Life of a Human is no better than the life of an animal

Question 40

Bentham believes...

Answer 40

Everyone's prime motivation is to make themselves happy and avoid pain

Question 41

Normative Moral Theory-

Answer 41

an account for the source of moral value criterion distinguishing rightness from wrongness account of moral motivation

Question 42

Aristotle-

Answer 42

points to earth virtue- helps us fulfill our function and avoid excess and defects

Question 43

Plato-

Answer 43

points to sky you must have a notion of something in order to understand it

Question 44

Happiness-

Answer 44

a life in which the best possible combination of specific goods is acheived

Question 45

Virtue of Character-

Answer 45

a mean between excess and deficiency

Question 46

Courage-

Answer 46

a mean between recklessness and cowardice

Question 47

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development-

Answer 47

- Obedience to Authority - Self Interest - Conventional Thinking - Seeking Common Good - Ethics of Universal Principles

Question 48

Gilligan's Stages of Moral Development-

Answer 48

- Selfishness - Conventional Moral Thinking - Balance between self and others - Self & Others intertwined

Question 49

Care Ethics-

Answer 49

a fundamental ethical value. When dealing with a moral problem, one must attend with care and concern to the complexities and particularities of the individual involved.

Question 50

Confucianism-

Answer 50

- emphasize learning - Filial Piety- young caring for the old - 5 relationship types Gentlemen (Junzi)-superior man. no worry, no fear, not confused

Question 51

Mencius/ Mengzi-

Answer 51

humans have innate tendencies toward virtue that will develop given a healthy environment sprouts

Question 52

Laozi-

Answer 52

an elder contemporary of Confucius

Question 53

Daoism-

Answer 53

The simple life be in harmony with nature and basic human emotions Dao criticizes conventional morality life without order rather than order without life good rulers govern as little as possible

Question 54

Buddhism Ethics-

Answer 54

Balance Middle Way Interconnection There is not Atman

Question 55

4 Noble Truths

Answer 55

the truth of what suffering is the truth of the conditional arising of suffering suffering can be eliminated by eliminating it's conditions remove suffering and conditions that arise suffering by following the middle way

Question 56

Hinduism-

Answer 56

atman is brahman the self you should seek to be is the one free of suffering we are all one

Question 57

Sorrios Experiment-

Answer 57

it is the environment that we grow up in that makes us who we are

Question 58

Conversation-

Answer 58

metaphor for imaginative engagement with experience and ideas of others.

Question 59

commonalities-

Answer 59

point of entry for cross cultural conversation

Question 60

Moral Vision-

Answer 60

A vision framed not simply as a set of complaints but in terms of ideals and hopes