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Ethics From a Global Perspective > Final (Cumulative Everything) > Flashcards

Final (Cumulative Everything) Flashcards

1
Q

Ethics-

A

the study of choices

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2
Q

Philosophy-

A

Love of wisdom

“Phil”-love “sophia”- wisdom

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3
Q

What do ethical thinking and actions do?

A

take care for the basic needs and legitimate expectations of others as well as our own

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4
Q

what is “taking care?”

A

Looking into or investigating something

being conscientious

Sustaining and Furthering Something

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5
Q

Ethical Avoidance Disorders-

A

Common Pitfalls people stumble into when faced with ethical thinking.

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6
Q

Flying by instinct

A

relying on gut feelings

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7
Q

Offhand Self Justification

A

Thinking as little as possible

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8
Q

Dogmatism

A

No other view is right but your own

your argument rests on asserting that you are right

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9
Q

Psychological Egoism

A

The view that everyone is selfish

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10
Q

Relativism

A

Any moral opinion is better than any other

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11
Q

Wangari Maathi

A

Kenyan who started planting trees 30 years ago.

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12
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

Worked to end apartheid in South Africa

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13
Q

Desmond Tutu

A

Anglican Bishop in South Africa

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14
Q

Muhammad Yunus

A

Bangladeshi Banker

Gave loans to poor people

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15
Q

Jody Williams

A

Started a campaign to ban land mines

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16
Q

How do we make change?

A
  • there is no one way
  • keep at it
  • aim high
  • use creativity
  • stay open to complexity
  • there is no way to ethics, ethics is the way
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17
Q

Problem-

A

A state where there is a gap between where the problem solver is and where they want to be

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18
Q

Well-defined problems-

A

problems with a single answer

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19
Q

ill-defined problems-

A

problems with many correct answers

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20
Q

Problem planning and representation-

A

best way to solve a problem is to devise the best representation

good visual representations can help readers

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21
Q

Vertical Thinking-

A

Thinking that is logical & straightforward

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22
Q

Lateral Thinking-

A

Thinking “around” a problem

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23
Q

Sensitivity-

A

our responsiveness to the information we perceive through the senses

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24
Q

Synergy-

A

bringing together of seemingly disparate parts into a useful and functioning whole

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25
Q

Serendipity- `

A

an unexpected, happy discovery

26
Q

Creativity is a ________ process

A

cognitive

27
Q

Values-

A

things we care about, that matter to us

28
Q

Moral Values-

A

introduce the question of what others are entitled to ask from us and what we are entitled to ask for ourselves

29
Q

4 Families of Ethical Values

A

Persons

Happiness

Virtue

Relationships

30
Q

Justice-

A

working to solve the root of the problem

31
Q

Charity-

A

working to help in immediate problems

32
Q

Categorical Imperative-

A

an obligation that applies to us regardless of other goals or situations

33
Q

Act only on a maxim that you can will to be _____

A

moral law

34
Q

Utilitarianism-

A

Relies on the principle of unity

  • Act always in such a way that you maximize the pleasure of everyone
  • Founders Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

4 key parts: maximize, pleasure, everyone involved, long term consequences

35
Q

Consequentialism-

A

A moral theory is consequentialist if it is most concerned with what the outcomes are

36
Q

Problem of the Future-

A

we can never be sure about the consequences

37
Q

Willing to Sacrifice Minority-

A

Majority > Minority

38
Q

Measurement Problem-

A

No way to measure pleasure

39
Q

Swine Objection-

A

Life of a Human is no better than the life of an animal

40
Q

Bentham believes…

A

Everyone’s prime motivation is to make themselves happy and avoid pain

41
Q

Normative Moral Theory-

A

an account for the source of moral value

criterion distinguishing rightness from wrongness

account of moral motivation

42
Q

Aristotle-

A

points to earth

virtue- helps us fulfill our function and avoid excess and defects

43
Q

Plato-

A

points to sky

you must have a notion of something in order to understand it

44
Q

Happiness-

A

a life in which the best possible combination of specific goods is acheived

45
Q

Virtue of Character-

A

a mean between excess and deficiency

46
Q

Courage-

A

a mean between recklessness and cowardice

47
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development-

A
  • Obedience to Authority
  • Self Interest
  • Conventional Thinking
  • Seeking Common Good
  • Ethics of Universal Principles
48
Q

Gilligan’s Stages of Moral Development-

A
  • Selfishness
  • Conventional Moral Thinking
  • Balance between self and others
  • Self & Others intertwined
49
Q

Care Ethics-

A

a fundamental ethical value. When dealing with a moral problem, one must attend with care and concern to the complexities and particularities of the individual involved.

50
Q

Confucianism-

A
  • emphasize learning
  • Filial Piety- young caring for the old
  • 5 relationship types

Gentlemen (Junzi)-superior man. no worry, no fear, not confused

51
Q

Mencius/ Mengzi-

A

humans have innate tendencies toward virtue that will develop given a healthy environment

sprouts

52
Q

Laozi-

A

an elder contemporary of Confucius

53
Q

Daoism-

A

The simple life

be in harmony with nature and basic human emotions

Dao criticizes conventional morality

life without order rather than order without life

good rulers govern as little as possible

54
Q

Buddhism Ethics-

A

Balance

Middle Way

Interconnection

There is not Atman

55
Q

4 Noble Truths

A

the truth of what suffering is

the truth of the conditional arising of suffering

suffering can be eliminated by eliminating it’s conditions

remove suffering and conditions that arise suffering by following the middle way

56
Q

Hinduism-

A

atman is brahman

the self you should seek to be is the one free of suffering

we are all one

57
Q

Sorrios Experiment-

A

it is the environment that we grow up in that makes us who we are

58
Q

Conversation-

A

metaphor for imaginative engagement with experience and ideas of others.

59
Q

commonalities-

A

point of entry for cross cultural conversation

60
Q

Moral Vision-

A

A vision framed not simply as a set of complaints but in terms of ideals and hopes

Ethics From a Global Perspective (3 decks)

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