Final cumulative Flashcards
Visible vs. infrared imagery
Visible satellite image- image processed from radiometers onboard a satellite that sense visible solar radiation reflected or back scattered from surfaces in the earth atmosphere system
The day with sun
Infrared image- picture or Image processed fro, radiometers onboard a satellite that sense thermal radiation signals emitted by earth and cloud surfaces of the earth atmosphere infrared radiation signals are routine are routinely calibrated to give the surface temperature of objects in the sensors field of view
No natural light
High pressure
Anticyclones
Descending air and are usually accompanied by fair weather.
Northwestern Canada =cold,dry,winter … Cool/dry summer
Further south= mild,dry / winter … Hot/dry summer
Humidity - calm conditions or light winds
Blow clockwise and spirit outward
Low pressure
Cyclones - stormy weather systems
Ascending air
Typically produce cloudy, rainy, and snowy weather
Cancellation of heating from the ground pushes the low ridding of stormy weather.
Blow counterclockwise and spirit inward
what is the difference watch vs. warning
Watch- potential exists
Warning- it is occurring other is going to happen soon based on the radar
What is a front?
A narrow zone of transition between air masses of contrasting air density, that is different temperature, humidity or both. Fronts are classified as stationary, warm or occluded
When does the days minimum temperature occur?
Sunrise
Where is the ozone layer
Stratosphere
What does a radiosonde measure
ALTITUDE READINGS- temperature, air pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere
A small balloon-borne instrument package equipped with a radio transmitter that takes altitude readings of the temperature, air pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere
what are the most common gases?
Nitrogen and oxygen
What is the principle source of oxygen?
Plants
Photosynthesis- the process whereby plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to manufacture their food and generate oxygen as a byproduct.
What are the different layers of the atmosphere?
Lowest to highest Troposphere Tropopause Stratosphere Stratopause Mesosphere Mesopause Thermosphere
What are the seasons and how is the earth situated?
Winter
Spring- earths rotational axis is oriented perpendicular to the sun’s rays on the first day
Summer
Fall
Earth is closest to the sun in January
What is albedo? What has high and low albedo?
The fraction or percent of radiation striking a surface that is reflected by that surface usually applied to the reflectivity of an object to visible radiation
High- FRESH snow ground
Low-BLACK ASPHALT. Cities
What is heat vs. temperature
Heat- A form of energy transferred between systems or components of a system, in response to differences in temperature heat energy is always transferred from a warmer system to a colder system.
Temperature- a measure of kinetic energy of the individual atoms or molecules composing a substance
Warm air mass and pressure
Higher surface pressure than equally warm but more humid air masses.
air density decreases, the number of molecules per unit volume decreases
Cold air mass and pressure
DENSER and usually produce higher surface pressure than warm human air masses.
air pressure drops more rapidly with altitude within a cold column of air than in a war column of air
What is the average air pressure at sea level
ALL OF
THESE
1013.25 mb
inches and Pascals.
101,325 Pa
29.9 inches
1mb = .02953 in of Mercury
Phase changes
1) Evaporation - if more water me used enter the atmosphere as vapor than as liquid, a net loss occurs in liquid water mass
2) Condensation -If more water molecules return to the water surface as liquid than enter the atmosphere as vapor a new gain of liquid water mass results.
3) Transportation - water that is taken up from the soil by plant roots eventually escapes as vapor through tiny pores in the underside of leaves.
4) Sublimation - ice or snow becomes vapor without first becoming a liquid. ->evaporation
5) Deposition - water vapor becomes ice without first becoming a liquid. (Frost in automobile windows)
What are the types of fog
Advection fog- when the advecting air passes over a relatively cold surface, the air mass may be chilled to saturation in its lower layers. Advection cooling.. Example early spring when miles humid air flows over relatively cold, snow covered ground. Snow on the ground may chill the overlying air to the dew point and fog develops. ADVECTION COOLING
Steam Fog
(Arctic seam smoke)
Late fall or winter when extremely cold and dry air flows over a large unfrozen body of water. Evaporation and sensible heating cause the lower portion of the air mass to become more humid and warmer than the air above. Heating below destabilizes the air and the consequent mixing of mild humid air with cold dry air brings the aid to saturation and fog forms. Because the air is stabilized fog appears.
Radiation fog
Mist-suspension
clear night sky, light winds, an air mass that is humid near the ground and relatively dry aloft, radiation all cooling may cause the air near the ground to approach saturation. Ground level cloud. Marshy areas of where soil has been saturated by recent rainfall or snow melt.
RIVER VALLEY BOTTOM
Upslope Fog - hillsides or mountain slopes. Ascending humid air undergoes expansional cooling and reached saturation
It takes ________ cloud droplets to form a rain drop
1 million
What does a Doppler radar detect
The Doppler effect to monitor the motion of precipitation particles
Operating in Doppler mode weather radar detects particles movie perpendicular to the radar beam
Scales of the atmospheric circulation in order;: larges to smallest
Planetary-scale systems- large scale wind belts encircling the planet are global.. Weeks or months
Synoptic- scale systems- are continental or oceanic in scale; extra tropical cyclones, hurricanes, and air masses… Several days to a week or so as they travel over distances of thousands of kilometers.
Horizontal winds are stronger than vertical flow
Mesoscale system- thunderstorms and sea and lake breezes, circulation systems that are small that they may influence the wearer in only a portion of a large city or county… Hours or a day
Microscale systems- a weather system covering a very small area such as several city blocks of a small town represents the smallest spatial subdivision of the atmospheric motion… Minutes or less.
Vertical wind speeds may be comparable in magnitude to horizontal winds.
What is the coriolis effect and how does it work?
Term
- an apparent reflective force arising from the rotation of the earth on its axis; affects principally synoptic- scale and planetary- scale winds. Winds are deflected to the right of their initial direction in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Magnitude depends on latitude and speed of the moving object.
The Coriolis effect arises from the fact that the earth rotates
Effect is zero and produced no deflection at the equator
In the the northern hemisphere the effect always acts at a right angle and to the right of the direction of motion
