Final (crap.)

Question 1

ionic vs covalent compounds

Answer 1

ionic:
-metals + nonmetals
-charged ions
-cations +anions
-use the criss-cross method
-high melting points
-conduct e- in solutions
-soluble in polar compounds
-can contain polyatomic ions
-all are salts
EX - NaCl

covalent:
-nonmetals only
-no charged particles
-low melting point
-do not conduct e-
-soluble in nonpolar compounds
EX - H2O

Question 2

Nuclear vs Chemical

Answer 2

Nuclear:
-involves isotopes
-results in new elements
-involves radiation
-takes place in the nucleus = decomposition of nucleus
-involves the loss/gain of protons and neutrons
-protons and neutrons react inside the nucleus
-termed fission or fusion
-very high energy changes
EX - Uranium-235 to Plutonium-231

Chemical:

• involves ionic + covalent compounds
• results in new products of the same elements
• involves transfer, loss, or gain of electrons
• e- react outside the nucleus
• low energy changes
• dependent on chemical combinations
• many types of chemical reactions

Question 3

cation vs anion

Answer 3

Cation:
-positively charged
-more protons than electrons
-metals
EX - NaCl

Anion:
-negatively charged
-has more electrons than protons
-nonmetals
EX - Cl-1

Both: participate in ionic compounds

Question 4

Periodic Table

Answer 4

• 8 representative groups
• metals are 80%
• nonmetals are far right
• reactivity generally increases as you go down the group
• atomic size increases down the group
• groups 1-4 (metals) tend to lose e-
• groups 4-8 (nonmetals) tend to gain e-
• transition metals are in middle and their charge varies
• noble gases rarely combine

Question 5

chemical vs physical

Answer 5

Chemical:
-rusting
-burning
-decomposing
-formation of new products
-change in temperature
-release of electrons
-formation of a precipitate
-formation of a gas
EX - HCL + Mg = bubbles and heat

Physical:
-tearing
-cutting
-breaking
-dissolving
-evaporating
-boiling
-freezing
-subliming (change of state)
[properties]
-luster
-malleability
-density
-solubility
-mass/volume
-change in texture, color, shape, temp
EX - tearing paper

Question 6

polar vs nonpolar

Answer 6

Polar:
-2 nonmetals that have electronegativity difference of .4-1.4
-unequal sharing of electrons
-dissolve ionic compounds
-do not mix with nonpolar compounds
EX - H2O

Nonpolar:
-2 nonmetals with no electronegativity or low difference 0-.4
-equal sharing of electrons
-dissolve covalent compounds
-do not mix with polar compounds
EX: H2