acids/bases Flashcards
acid
- sour taste
- corrosive
- turns blue litmus paper red
- reacts with H2 gas
- aqueous solutions are electrolytes
- reacts with bases to form h2o and salt (neutralization reactions)
strong acids
completely ionize in water (create a lot of h+)
ex of binary acids
HCl, HBr, HI
ternary acids
strong if the # of O atoms - # of H atom is greater than 2
weak acids
ionize only slightly in an aqueous solution
weak if the # of O atom - # of H atom is less than 1
base
a compound that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water
ex of bases
milk of magnesia; magnesium hydroxide
drain cleaner; sodium hydroxide
bases
- bitter taste
- slippery
- turn red litmus paper blue
- aqueous solution of bases are electrolytes
- reacts with acids to form H2O and salt
strong bases
completely ionize in water (create a lot of OH- ions)
weak bases
bases ionize only slightly
define amphoteric
water can sometimes act as a B-L acid and sometimes as a B-L base
what is the self-ionization of water
H2O+H2O –> H3O + OH-
what is pH
potential of hydrogen (in solution)
what does pH actually mean
potentia hydrogenii
ex of acids
vinegar - acetic acid
soda - phosphoric acid
define rate
measure of the amt of reactant of changing per unit of time
define collision theory
- molecules must touch to react
- only small fraction of collisions produce a reaction
- particles lacking necessary kinetic energy to react will bounce apart unchanged when they collide
define activated complex / transition state
an unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily (usually 10-13 secs) at the peak of the activation-energy barrier
define activation energy
collisions must have enough energy to produce the reaction, must be equal or exceed the activation energy which is the minimum energy needed to react
results of collision theory
- forming of new products
- reformation of reactants
factors that affect reaction rate
- temperature
- surface area
- concentration
- presence of catalyst
- increased number of particles
define dynamic equilibrium
the rate of the forward reaction = the rate of the reverse reaction. Means both products / reactants will be present at a given point in time. May favor either products / reactants
