acids/bases

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

• sour taste
• corrosive
• turns blue litmus paper red
• reacts with H2 gas
• aqueous solutions are electrolytes
• reacts with bases to form h2o and salt (neutralization reactions)

Question 2

strong acids

Answer 2

completely ionize in water (create a lot of h+)

Question 3

ex of binary acids

Answer 3

HCl, HBr, HI

Question 4

ternary acids

Answer 4

strong if the # of O atoms - # of H atom is greater than 2

Question 5

weak acids

Answer 5

ionize only slightly in an aqueous solution

weak if the # of O atom - # of H atom is less than 1

Question 6

base

Answer 6

a compound that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water

Question 7

ex of bases

Answer 7

milk of magnesia; magnesium hydroxide

drain cleaner; sodium hydroxide

Question 8

bases

Answer 8

• bitter taste
• slippery
• turn red litmus paper blue
• aqueous solution of bases are electrolytes
• reacts with acids to form H2O and salt

Question 9

strong bases

Answer 9

completely ionize in water (create a lot of OH- ions)

Question 10

weak bases

Answer 10

bases ionize only slightly

Question 11

define amphoteric

Answer 11

water can sometimes act as a B-L acid and sometimes as a B-L base

Question 12

what is the self-ionization of water

Answer 12

H2O+H2O –> H3O + OH-

Question 13

what is pH

Answer 13

potential of hydrogen (in solution)

Question 14

what does pH actually mean

Answer 14

potentia hydrogenii

Question 15

ex of acids

Answer 15

vinegar - acetic acid

soda - phosphoric acid

Question 16

define rate

Answer 16

measure of the amt of reactant of changing per unit of time

Question 17

define collision theory

Answer 17

1. molecules must touch to react
2. only small fraction of collisions produce a reaction
3. particles lacking necessary kinetic energy to react will bounce apart unchanged when they collide

Question 18

define activated complex / transition state

Answer 18

an unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily (usually 10-13 secs) at the peak of the activation-energy barrier

Question 19

define activation energy

Answer 19

collisions must have enough energy to produce the reaction, must be equal or exceed the activation energy which is the minimum energy needed to react

Question 20

results of collision theory

Answer 20

• forming of new products

- reformation of reactants

Question 21

factors that affect reaction rate

Answer 21

• temperature
• surface area
• concentration
• presence of catalyst
• increased number of particles

Question 22

define dynamic equilibrium

Answer 22

the rate of the forward reaction = the rate of the reverse reaction. Means both products / reactants will be present at a given point in time. May favor either products / reactants