Chapter 2 Quiz Flashcards
Define matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What can matter be described by?
its extensive and intensive properties
define extensive properties
depend on the amount of matter
define mass
the amount of matter that an object contains
define volume
amount of space taken up by an object
define intensive properties
depend on the type of matter in a sample not the amount of matter
what is included in intensive properties
physical properties (hardness, color, odor, conductivity, solubility, melting point, boiling point, and malleability)
define substance
matter that has a uniform and definite composition
all samples in substance have identical _______ properties
intensive
define physical property
- quality or condition of a substance that can be observed without changing the substances composition
- can be reversible (boiling water) and irreversible (cracking an egg)
All atoms are in _______ _____
constant motion
what are the states of matter?
gas, solid, liquid, plasma (also determines rate at which atoms move)
Solid
- definite shape & volume
- atoms vibrate in place
- slight expansion upon heating
- almost incompressable
liquid
- definite volume & indefinite shape
- atoms vibrate in place
- slight expansion upon heating
- almost incompressable
Gas
- indefinite shape and indefinite shape
- particles moving very rapidly
- great expansion upon heating
- readily compressable
define vapor
gaseous state of substance that is generally a liquid/solid at room temperature
define mixture
physical blend of 2+ substances
define phase
any part of a mixture with uniform composition and properties
define heterogeneous mixture
-not uniform in composition
-contains 2+ phases
EX: pizza
define homogeneous mixture
-completely uniform in composition
-AKA solution
-contians 1 phase
EX: kool aid
define suspension
(heterogeneous mixture) not uniform in composition
EX: muddy water
define solution
(homogeneous mixture) completely uniform composition
EX: vinegar, soda
define colloid
mixture of substances that normally mix together
EX: mayo, jello
name the methods of separating mixtures
- magnets: uses magnetism
- filter: separates particles from smaller ones
- distillation: uses boiling point
- chromatography: separation of mixtures by passing it through a suspension
- electrolysis: passing an electric current through a solution containing ions
- crystallization: transform into a crystal
- centrifuge: uses density
can elements be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means?
no
define compound
substance that contains 2+ elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
can compounds be separated? If so, how?
chemical means
properties of a compound are ___________ from those of their component elements
different
EX: sugar
complete a chart of classifying matter
Matter> substance> element & compound
> mixture of substances> homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture
define chemical symbol
1/2 representation of the element
- first letter is always CAPITALIZED
- second letter is always lowercase
define chemical reaction
1+ substances change into 1+ new substances
define reactant
starting substance
define product
the substances formed
identify possible clues to a chemical reaction
- transfer of energy
- change of color
- production of gas
- formation of precipitate (solid that forms from a liquid mixture)
define chemical properties
the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change to form a new substance
EX: cooking
physical changes ____ result in a new substance
chemical changes result in a ___ substance
- never
2. new
during any physical/chemical change, the mass of products is always …
equal to the mass of the reactant
mass is neither ___ or ___
created, destroyed
define Law of Conservation of Mass
in any physical/chemical change, mass is conserved
are states of matter considered physical properties
yes
elements are the _________________ that can exist under normal lab conditions
simplest form of matter
