Final: Chapters 12-14

Question 1

What is groupthink?

Answer 1

People place more importance on group coherence then facts of the problem/individual’s opinion.

Question 2

What are the compliance techniques?

Answer 2

Foot in the door, door in the face, lowball, that’s not all.

Question 3

Define compliance:

Answer 3

Changing ones behavior because you were asked to.

Question 4

Define conformity:

Answer 4

Changing ones behavior to match that of other people.

Question 5

What is social facilitation?

Answer 5

If task is perceived as easy, the presence of others improves performance.

Question 6

What is social impairment?

Answer 6

If task is difficult, the presence of others negatively affects performance.

Question 7

What is social loafing?

Answer 7

Tendency to put in less effort in a group, stems from deindividualization.
Occurs less in collective cultures. Women are less likely to loaf.

Question 8

What are the components of attitude?

Answer 8

Affective, behavioral, cognitive. (Feel, act, think).

Question 9

How can attitudes be formed?

Answer 9

Direct contact(tried and did not like), direct instruction (told it was bad), interaction with others (your friends think its bad), vicarious conditioning (you observe someone else’s reaction to it).

Question 10

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 10

Sense of discomfort when behavior conflicts with attitude or cognitions.

Question 11

What is the “insufficient justification effect”?

Answer 11

Making something worth more in your mind (form new attitude) to justify doing it.

Question 12

Define attitudes:

Answer 12

Learned response to something that influences your opinions about it. Beliefs, biases…

Question 13

What is impression formation?

Answer 13

Primacy-the first impression, and social categorization (first gender, then race).

Question 14

What is the implicit personality theory?

Answer 14

How we build expectations about a person after we know something of their central traits.

Question 15

What was Asch’s study?

Answer 15

Study of conformity with matching lines. Subjects conformed over 1/3, and 3/4 conformed at least once.

Question 16

What is the situational and dispositional theory?

Answer 16

Situational bases behavior off of situation, dispositional bases behavior off of character of the person.

Question 17

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 17

Placing too much emphasis on dispositional attribution, more common in individualistic societies.

Question 18

What is the realistic conflict theory?

Answer 18

Prejudice and discrimination increases as conflict between in/out groups increases, usually in competition for something; land, jobs.

Question 19

What is the social identity theory?

Answer 19

Prejudice and discrimination stems from social categorization, social identity, and social comparison.

Question 20

What is stereotype vulnerability/threat?

Answer 20

Being aware of a stereotype and trying to avoid it/anxiety caused by knowing a stereotype could be at play.

Question 21

What are the rules of attraction?

Answer 21

Attractiveness, proximity, similarity, reciprocal liking.

Question 22

What are the components of love?

Answer 22

Intimacy, passion, commitment.

Question 23

What is altruism?

Answer 23

Helping someone with no expectation of reward and without fear for personal safety.

Question 24

What kind of people are most likely to join a cult?

Answer 24

Young, upper/middle class people, stressed, unhappy, lonely, dependent, idealistic, want to belong.

Question 25

What is personality, character, and temperament?

Answer 25

Combo of traits, moral and ethical behavior, and easy-difficult temper you were born with.

Question 26

What are the four perspectives on personality?

Answer 26

Psychoanalytic (Freud), behaviorist (how we are conditioned by our environment), humanistic (the 3rd force, you have free will), trait.

Question 27

What were Freud’s divisions of the mind?

Answer 27

Preconscious (info available but not currently conscious), Conscious (everything you are currently aware of), Unconscious (info not easily accessed, hidden).

Question 28

What are Freud’s parts of personality?

Answer 28

Id (birth, pleasure, evil), Ego (3yrs, reality principle, consequences), Superego (5-6yrs, moral center).

Question 29

What is the modern psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 29

Defense mechanisms are real, unconscious influences conscious mind/behavior

Question 30

What is the behaviorist view of personality?

Answer 30

Personality is a set of learned responses or habits.

Question 31

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 31

Perception of how effective a behavior will be. Will I succeed or fail?

Question 32

What is the humanistic view of personality?

Answer 32

Free will, self-actualization tendency: people want to reach their full potential.

Question 33

What are humanism’s three selfs?

Answer 33

Self concept (what others tell you, how your self is reflected in your life), Ideal self (what you want), Real self (what you really are). Congruence/incongruence results depending on how close/far away they are.

Question 34

What is conditional/unconditional positive regard?

Answer 34

Conditional/unconditional love.

Question 35

What defines a fully-functioning person?

Answer 35

Self-actualizing, good match between real self/ideal self, receives unconditional positive regard.

Question 36

What is the 16PF?

Answer 36

Cattell’s 16 personality factors, source traits and surface traits.

Question 37

What is the biological perspective of personality?

Answer 37

Personality can be 25-50% genetics.

Question 38

What problems might arise when using an interview to assess personality?

Answer 38

Halo effect-client’s good impression on the interviewer affect’s diagnosis. Horn effect: interviewer dislikes the client, affects the diagnosis.

Question 39

What are projective personality tests?

Answer 39

Uses ambiguous stimuli to analyze patient’s response. Rorschach Ink blot Test. TAT (make up short story explaining a picture).

Question 40

what is a personality inventory test?

Answer 40

made up of statements that require specific, standardized response. NEO-PI, Myers-Briggs, MMPI (detects abnormal personality).

Question 41

What is psychopathology?

Answer 41

Study of abnormal behavior.

Question 42

How can behavior be determined as abnormal?

Answer 42

Frequency, bizarreness, persistence, social norms, subjective discomfort, maladaptive behavior.

Question 43

What is the DSM-V?

Answer 43

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, version five. Lists psychological disorders and symptoms. Helped to prevent wrongful diagnosis of disorder.