Final, Chapter 18: Population Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What is demography

A

“written description of the people”

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2
Q

What is the definition of demography

A

field of sociology devoted to the study of population and its growth, decline, or movement

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3
Q

What is a census

A

a count of the population

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4
Q

How often does the us constitution require a census to determine congressional representation

A

every ten years

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5
Q

What are vital statistics

A

record of births, deaths, marriages, divorces used to update records between census years

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6
Q

What is a growth rate

A

population gains/losses calculated for a period of time by dividing the net gain/loss by the total population you started with

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7
Q

What is the equation for growth rate

A

net population change/size of population = growth rate

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8
Q

what is fertility rate

A

level of reproduction among women of child bearing age.

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9
Q

What is mortality rate

A

amount of death

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10
Q

What factors shape mortality rate

A

nutrition, immunization, health care, disease, accidents

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11
Q

What is a birth Cohort

A

all persons born with a given time period

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12
Q

True or false

a birth cohort is useful for short term planning

A

False, its good for long term planning

Ex: knowing whether new schools will need to be built or destroyed

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13
Q

What is migration

A

movement from one country to another depending on marital/kinship ties

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14
Q

What is an immigrants

A

those who enter another country

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15
Q

What is and emmigrant

A

Those who exit another country

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16
Q

What is age structure

A

Proportions of persons of various age groups that make up the total population

17
Q

What is sex structure

A

Proportions of males and females in population

18
Q

How do you predict population

A

need to know fertility, mortality rates, but also age/sex structures

19
Q

What are three types of family/population types

A
  1. expansive
  2. stationary
  3. constrictive
20
Q

what is expansive family type

A

having four kids each generation, forms a pyramid

21
Q

What is stationary family type

A

maintain same number each generation

22
Q

what is constrictive family type

A

inverted pyramid, decreasing size in each generation

23
Q

What is numeracy

A

a cultural awareness about “right size of a family”

24
Q

What did Malthusian’s theory deal with

A

studied historical cycles of population rapid growth followed by decline

25
What ideas is the Malthusian population theory bases off of
Human population had potential for exponential growth. Food supply can't grow at the same rate Population will rise to slightly above the supply of food
26
What does the Malthusian theory say
human population grows or declines according to the availability of the life necessities, especially food.
27
What are positive checks
primary factors that stop population growth like famine, disease, and war
28
What are some problems with Malthusian theory
1. mortality rate was key variable, but its not the only one | 2. Believed fertility rate was always high, which isn't true
29
What is the demographic transition theory
switch from high fertility with high mortality to low mortality and low fertility
30
True or false Children are valued more in preindustrial societies
true because they are beneficial for the work force and in urban societies they are a financial drain
31
Describe the first shift in modernization
rapid increase in population caused by development of agriculture
32
describe second shift in modernization
Modernization, rapid growth in western nations
33
describe third shift in modernization
demographic transition where number of births = number of deaths
34
describe fourth shift in modernization
population explosion in less development nations, cultural lag
35
describe fifth shift in modernization
population explosion waves, numeracy a "literacy" awareness of fertility and appropriate family size
36
Describe sixth shift in modernization
crisis of depopulation, elderly pop outnumber younger pop