Final, Chapter 18: Population Flashcards
What is demography
“written description of the people”
What is the definition of demography
field of sociology devoted to the study of population and its growth, decline, or movement
What is a census
a count of the population
How often does the us constitution require a census to determine congressional representation
every ten years
What are vital statistics
record of births, deaths, marriages, divorces used to update records between census years
What is a growth rate
population gains/losses calculated for a period of time by dividing the net gain/loss by the total population you started with
What is the equation for growth rate
net population change/size of population = growth rate
what is fertility rate
level of reproduction among women of child bearing age.
What is mortality rate
amount of death
What factors shape mortality rate
nutrition, immunization, health care, disease, accidents
What is a birth Cohort
all persons born with a given time period
True or false
a birth cohort is useful for short term planning
False, its good for long term planning
Ex: knowing whether new schools will need to be built or destroyed
What is migration
movement from one country to another depending on marital/kinship ties
What is an immigrants
those who enter another country
What is and emmigrant
Those who exit another country
What is age structure
Proportions of persons of various age groups that make up the total population
What is sex structure
Proportions of males and females in population
How do you predict population
need to know fertility, mortality rates, but also age/sex structures
What are three types of family/population types
- expansive
- stationary
- constrictive
what is expansive family type
having four kids each generation, forms a pyramid
What is stationary family type
maintain same number each generation
what is constrictive family type
inverted pyramid, decreasing size in each generation
What is numeracy
a cultural awareness about “right size of a family”
What did Malthusian’s theory deal with
studied historical cycles of population rapid growth followed by decline
What ideas is the Malthusian population theory bases off of
Human population had potential for exponential growth.
Food supply can’t grow at the same rate
Population will rise to slightly above the supply of food
What does the Malthusian theory say
human population grows or declines according to the availability of the life necessities, especially food.
What are positive checks
primary factors that stop population growth like famine, disease, and war
What are some problems with Malthusian theory
- mortality rate was key variable, but its not the only one
2. Believed fertility rate was always high, which isn’t true
What is the demographic transition theory
switch from high fertility with high mortality to low mortality and low fertility
True or false
Children are valued more in preindustrial societies
true because they are beneficial for the work force and in urban societies they are a financial drain
Describe the first shift in modernization
rapid increase in population caused by development of agriculture
describe second shift in modernization
Modernization, rapid growth in western nations
describe third shift in modernization
demographic transition where number of births = number of deaths
describe fourth shift in modernization
population explosion in less development nations, cultural lag
describe fifth shift in modernization
population explosion waves, numeracy a “literacy” awareness of fertility and appropriate family size
Describe sixth shift in modernization
crisis of depopulation, elderly pop outnumber younger pop
