Exam 2, Chapter 8 Flashcards
Definition of conformity
going along with peers or those individuals of our own status that have no formal right to direct our behavior
Definition of Obedience
compliance with higher authority in a hierarchical structure
Definition of deviance
behavior that violates the standard of conduct or expectations of a group of society
True or false
Standards of deviance vary from one group or subculture to another
True
True or false
Deviance does not vary over time
false
True or false
People are not normally stigmatizes as a result of deviance
false
Definition of social control
techniques and strategies for preventing deviant behavior in any society
What are the two types of social control
formal and informal
What is informal social control
used casually to enforce norms, informally monitoring/reporting good or bad behavior
-Social pressure
An example of social pressure
A mom raising an eyebrow at their child
An example of social pressure
A mom raising an eyebrow at their child
What are the three principles that fall under informal social control
principle of dependence, principle of visibility, and principle of extensiveness
What is the principle of dependence
The more dependent members are on a group, the more they conform to group norms
What is the principle of visibility
When group behavior is easily observed or monitored by other members, the degree of conformity will be greater.
-Japanese example
What is the principle of extensiveness
The greater the scope and extent of norms upheld by the group, the greater will be the contribution to social order
-Bo rollings his pants up because everyone else
did
What is Formal social control
Control that applies to legalized rules and laws
What are formal social control roles
police, doctors, bosses, parents
What is prevention
Limits opportunities, early intervention
What is deterrence
punishment: certain, swift, and severe
What is reformation/resocialization
resocialize people so they stop wanting to deviate
What is cultural transmission
A theory of deviance that says a person learns criminal behavior through interactions with others
What is differential association
A theory of deviance which is a process through which violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes that are favorable to criminal acts-wrong crowd
What is social disorganization theory
When neighborhoods decline and become disorganized crime rises
True or false
Increases and deviance can be attributed to the absence of communal relationships and social institutions
True
What is the labeling theory
attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants or troublemakers while others taking part in the same behavior are not
What is the labeling theory also known as
societal reaction/response to the act and not the behavior itself that determines whether or not it is deviant
Is formal or informal social control more common
informal
true or false
The less intensely any group or society applies informal and formal efforts to suppressing deviance, the more deviance will be
false, more intense efforts equal less deviant behavior
What is an example of principle of dependence
How strict the japanese are with school. High school determine a job and college and they aren’t allowed out of their firms and if they leave they can’t find another job again.
What is an example of the principle of of visibility
How the Japanese have zero private lives. Their rooms are separated by screens, which means they are less likely to do anything deviant and conform to parents norms
What are the three ways formal social control is attempted
prevention, deter deviance, and reform or re-socialize people
What is the opportunity theory
describes reasons why people have the opportunity to commit deviant acts such as stealing a car in a poor thug neighborhood
who came up with opportunity theory
Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson
What was the end result of Clarke Cabot’s experiment
Young boys with guided counseling and help are not less likely to commit a crime than boys who are on their own are.
What is deterrence
The use of punishment to deter people from deviance
What is capital punishment
The death penalty
What is Gibb’s deterrence theory
The more rapid, the more certain, and the more severe the punishment for a crime, the lower the rate at which such crimes will occur.
Why are the odds of getting caught for a crime low?
because 6 out of 10 crimes are never reported
Why don’t people report crimes?
They lack confidence in the police
What is incapacitation
Making people unable to commit crimes by locking them up.
what is a recidivism rate
The proportion of people who commit a new crime after having served a prior sentence in jail or on probation.
What is resocialization?
efforts to change a person’s socialization; that is, to socialize a person over again in hopes of getting him or her to conform to the norms
what is TARP
Transitional Aid Research Project; in a big group of prisoners, only some were given money to see if they were claimed successful in transitioning from prisoner back to normal person
Why were prisons invented in the first place?
It is a more humane punishment than capital punishment
