Final (Chapter 13) Flashcards

1
Q

are solutions that show good conductance and which indicate a high degree of dissociation

A

strong electrolytes

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2
Q

solutions that exhibit only poor conductance and a low degree of dissociation

A

weak electrolytes

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3
Q

states that the electrolytes will dissociate into electrically charged particles, called ions, in such a manner that the total charge of (+) ions is equal to the total charge (-) ions

A

Arrhenius Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation

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4
Q

it states that each ion in the solution is surrounded by an ionic attraction whose net charge is opposite to that of the central ion

A

Debye-Huckel Theory of Interionic Attraction

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5
Q

branch of physical chemistry that concerns with the interrelations between chemical phenomena and electricity.

A

electrochemistry

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6
Q

the process of I passage through an electrolytic conductor with all the accompanying chemical and migratory changes

A

electrolysis

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7
Q

non-conductors of electricity with high resistivity

A

dielectrics or insulators

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8
Q

electrical resistance of a block of the material 1 cm in length and 1 cm^2 in cross section

A

specific resistivity

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9
Q

kinds of electrodes

A

cathode, anode

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10
Q

the electrode connected to the (-) side of the source of I by which electrons from this source enter the solution

A

cathode

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11
Q

the electrode connected to the (+) side of a source of I through which the electrons leave the solution to return to the source

A

anode

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12
Q

kinds of ions

A

anion, cation

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13
Q

ions which migrate toward the anode

A

anion

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14
Q

ions which migrate toward the cathode

A

cation

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15
Q

two types of conductors

A

electronic conductor, electrolytic conductor

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16
Q

conduction takes place by direct migration of electrons through the conductor under the influence of an applied potential

A

electronic conduction

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17
Q

examples of electronic conduction

A

solid and molten metals and certain solid salts

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18
Q

conduction takes place by migration of ions towards the (+) and (-) electrodes in the presence of a solution of electrolyte

A

electrolytic conductor

19
Q

resistance of electronic conductors (increases/decreases) with temperature

A

increases

20
Q

resistance of electrolytic conductors (increases/decreases) with increasing temperature

A

decreases

21
Q

reciprocal of the electrical resistance

A

electrolytic conductance

22
Q

van’t Hoff factor

A

i

23
Q

the ratio of the colligative effect produced by a concentration m of electrolyte divided by the effect observed for the same concentration of non-electrolye

A

van’t Hoff factor, i

24
Q

published a theory of interionic attraction in dilute solutions of electrolytes which occupies a dominant position in all considerations involving electrolytes and their kinetic and thermodynamic behavior

A

1923, P. Debye and E. Huckel

25
Q

in Debye-Huckel theory the effect of the concentration of the ions enters through a quantity called the

A

ionic strength

26
Q

the process of current passage through an electrolytic conductor with all the accompanying chemical and migratory changes is called

A

electrolysis

27
Q

found the mass of a substance involved in the reaction at the electrodes is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the solution

A

Michael Faraday (Faraday’s first law of electrolysis)

28
Q

the masses of different substances produced during electrolysis are directly proportional to their equivalent weights

A

the second law of electrolysis

29
Q

_______ coulombs of electricity will yield one equivalent weight of any substance

A

96,487

30
Q

a solution which contains 1g mol per cubic dm of solution at 0 deg C

A

demal solution

31
Q

defined as the conductance of a volume of solution containing one equivalent weight of dissolved substance when placed between two parallel electrodes 1 cm apart, and large contain between them all of the solution

A

equivalent conductance

32
Q

equivalent conductances at infinite dilution for weak electrolytes are obtained by application of

A

Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions

33
Q

The conductance of all electrolytes increases/decreases with temperature

A

increases

34
Q

solutions exhibiting the property of opposing a change in their pH

A

buffer solutions

35
Q

any substance that yields hydrogen ions

A

acid

36
Q

any substance that yields hydroxyl ions

A

base

37
Q

any substance that can donate a proton to any other substance

A

acid

38
Q

any substance that can accept a proton

A

base

39
Q

water may act as both acid or base, depending on the conditions and the reaction, i.e., water is________

A

amphoteric

40
Q

any substance which donates a pair of electrons

A

base

41
Q

any substance which accepts a pair of electrons

A

acid

42
Q

tendency of salts when dissolved in water to react with the solvent and thereby reverse the neutralization process is called

A

hydrolysis

43
Q

four cases distinguished in considering the hydrolytic behavior of various salts

A

a. salts of strong acids and strong bases
b. salts of weak acids and strong bases
c. salts of strong acids and weak acids
d. salts of weak acids and weak acids