Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSCI330 SPRING > final cell junctions, adhesions, and extracellular matrix > Flashcards

final cell junctions, adhesions, and extracellular matrix Flashcards

1
Q

how can squishy cells can form structures in multicellular organisms

A
  • by secreting complex and sturdy substances that form part of the extracellular matrix and then attaching to the matrix
  • by reinforcing their cytoskeleton through interactions with the extracellular matrix and their neighbors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can cells move from one place to another

A

some cells can dynamically control their attachments with their environment or other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how can sets of cells function together

A

through their inter-cellular interactions or through channels that connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are cell-to-cell contacts and the extracellular matrix crucial for

A

the control of cell division and the prevention of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how are animal cells bound together

A

with connective tissues and epithelial tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what stress is shared between cells

A

mechanical stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are cells embedded in connective tissues

A

extracellular matrix - it bears mechanical stresses of tension and compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do fibroblasts do in the connective tissue

A

make and secrete the extracellular matrix material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do anchoring junctions do and what is required for their function

A

they’re for cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion

cadherin or integrin proteins are required for the two functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do occluding junctions do and what is required for their function

A

make permeability barrier for solute diffusion

claudin proteins are required for function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do channel-forming junctions do and what is required for their function

A

provide intercellular passages

connexin or innexin proteins are required for function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are signal-relaying junctions and what is required for their function

A

they transmit signals

anchorage and signaling proteins are required for function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what links the cytoskeleton to extracellular structures

A

transmembrane proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what interactions do anchoring junctions involve

A

cell-cell interactions where cells are held together for structural strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do connections between the cytoskeleton filaments and integrins/cadherins occur via

A

intracellular anchor proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do cell-to-matrix communication use

A

intgerins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do cell-to-cell communication use

A

cadherins and integrins

18
Q

what are cadherins

A

transmembrane protein: adhering protein

requires calcium ions to adhere

19
Q

what type of binding do cadherins use

A

homophilic binding (interact with molecules of the same type)

20
Q

how do cadherins sort themselves

A

different types sort out into clumps composed of cells that express the same type of cadherin, which will sort into zones composed of same expression level

21
Q

what do anchoring proteins do

A

couple cadherins to cytoskeleton filaments

22
Q

what do desmosomes do

A

provides cell with mechanical strength to withstand compressive and tensile disturbances

23
Q

what is the difference between cadherins and selectins

A

cadherins are involved in long term interactions, selectins are involved in transient adhesion

24
Q

what do selectins do

A

mediate transient interactions by heterophilic binding (interact with other molecules) to carbohydrates - calcium dependent

25
Q

what can the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins do

A

enable interactions between cells in the absence of calcium

26
Q

how do Ig family proteins bind

A

homotopically to neurons

heterotypically to integrins on white blood cells

27
Q

what is a similarity between cadherins and selectins

A

both are calcium dependent

28
Q

what is the two stage fashion of adhesion molecules

A

selectin-dependent use weak adhesion and rolling adhesion

integrin-dependent use strong adhesion and emigration

using one weak and one strong adhesion molecule allows cells to migrate and exit through the blood vessels so they can enter infected tissue

29
Q

how do selectin-dependent molecules allow cells to find location to leave bloodstream and stop

A

selectin-carbohydrate interaction is weak, so white blood cells starts to interact with blood vessel, but protein-carb interactions aren’t strong enough to stop white blood cell for moving all together, so they act as brakes to slow white blood cell down

30
Q

how do integrin-dependent molecules allow cells to find location to leave bloodstream and stop

A

integrins on white blood cells interact strongly with iCAM or vCAM or other CAMS on endothelial cells - causes cells to stop completely. cells can then crawl along surface until they find junction on two cells - they can then exit blood cell and enter the infected tissue

31
Q

what do occulding junctions do (more detail)

A

allows cells to regulate concentration of solutes on each side of a cell layer so that in order for a solute to get from one side to another it has to pass through the cell - allows for directional movement of glucose

32
Q

how are occluding junctions like a ziplock bag

A

they seal the space between adjacent membranes - they hold two lipid bilayers together - claudin seals the space between membranes

33
Q

what is planar cell polarity of epithelial cells

A

the ordered arrangement of molecules in a plane, which can be disrupted by the disruption of cadherins

34
Q

what are channel-forming junctions (more detail)

A

aka gap junctions

form pores that allow small molecules and ions to pass from one cell to another so their intercellular environments can be electrically connected

connexins form channel from one cell to the next (forms gap)

35
Q

what is the basal lamina

A

extracellular matrix that allows cells to have additional strength bc they’re anchored to fixed point

36
Q

what are the three ways the basal lamina can be arranged

A
  • in epithelial cells they’re resting on basal lamina
  • in muscle cells the basal lamina surrounds it
  • in kidney glomerulus: basal membrane is interspersed between two cells: endothelial cell of blood cell and epithelial cell of kidney
37
Q

what is the purpose of laminins

A

they’re able to self assemble and interact with many components of the extracellular matrix and with integrins, so this class of proteins is a key organizer

38
Q

what do integrins do

A

connect extracellular matrix to actin cytoskeleton

39
Q

what are GAGs

A

sugar polymers that oxxupy large volumes of space and form hydrated gels to provide cushioning against compressive forces

40
Q

what is collagen

A

helical protein that makes permanent modifications and allows for intermolecular crosslinks to happen, providing meshwork of tensile strength to extracellular matrix

BSCI330 SPRING (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions