Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSCI330 SPRING > exam 1 the central dogma > Flashcards

exam 1 the central dogma Flashcards

1
Q

how does genetic information become useful

A

genetic info stored in chromosomes must be read and converted into proteins in the cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what transcribes DNA-encoded info into an RNA intermediary

A

RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do mRNA molecules get exported to

A

from the nucleus to the cytosol to be translated into proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the central dogma

A

information flow in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes proceeds DNA -> RNA -> protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is telomerase an exception to the central dogma

A

it needs a RNA template to add DNA on the end of chromosomes (says it’s the end of the chromosome), so goes DNA -> RNA -> DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does RNA transcription do

A

generates a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is RNA synthesized

A

5’->3’ by RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is DNA read

A

3’->5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many RNA polymerases do eukaryotes have

A

3 - they all synthesize different types of RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are promoters

A

special DNA sequences, which direct RNA to start point where transcription of RNA occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in prokaryotes, how does RNA polymerase interact with promoter

A

RNA polymerase enzyme binds strongly to the promoter sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in eukaryotes, how does RNA polymerase interact with promoter

A

transcription requires binding of general transcription factors, which recognize promoter sequences, bind to them, and recruit RNA polymerase to start transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is required to fully activate transcription in eukaryotes

A

additional proteins are required to modify chromatin structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does extension of the RNA chain require

A

elongation factors, which use ATP to get RNA polymerase move across chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does RNA transcription stop

A

after RNA polymerase encounters a special DNA sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the DNA sequence in prokaryotes that stops transcription

A

terminator sequence

17
Q

what is the DNA sequence in eukaryotes that stops transcription

A

reaching a polyadenylation signal

18
Q

what does eukaryotic RNA need to function

A

post-transcriptional processing

19
Q

what is the first modification that occurs for RNA-encoding proteins to be considered mRNA

A

addition of 7-methylguanosine cap to 5’ end of RNA, which marks it as mRNA-to-be

20
Q

what are features of 7-methylguanosine cap

A

triphosphate brige and methylated at 7th position

21
Q

what is the 5’ cap the binding site for

A

ribosomes

22
Q

what are introns

A

intervening sequences that interrupt coding sequences

23
Q

what are exons

A

expressed sequences in coding sequences

24
Q

how are introns removed

A

RNA splicing via spliceosome, which is very flexible

25
Q

what is the spliceosome made up of

A

snRNPs: snRNAs

= proteins

26
Q

what is the spliceosome directed by

A

RNA sequences found at intron-exon boundaries

27
Q

what happens once transcription is complete

A

RNA 3’ end receives a poly-A tail

28
Q

when does transcription end for eukaryotes

A

after poly-A tail is transcribed

29
Q

how does poly-A tail get transcribed

A

the 3’ end of the original RNA is cleaved off and 200 A’s are added by a poly-A polymerase

30
Q

what does the poly-A tail mark

A

that it’s unbroken RNA

31
Q

where does RNA synthesis and processing occur

A

in the nucleus

32
Q

where does protein synthesis occur

A

in the cytosol

33
Q

how does mature mRNA get exported from nucleus to cytosol

A

mature mRNA binds to the nuclear export receptor, which guides it through the nuclear pore complex into the cytosol

34
Q

what are mRNAs

A

messenger RNAs; code for proteins

35
Q

what are rRNAs

A

ribosomal RNAs; form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

36
Q

what are tRNAs

A

transfer RNAs; central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

37
Q

what are snRNAs

A

small nuclear RNAs; splicing of pre-mRNA

38
Q

what is transcription

A

DNA -> RNA

one-to-one correspondence of subunits with minor changes (U for T)

39
Q

what is translation

A

RNA -> proteins

totally different chemical languages: no one-to-one correspondence: 20 amino acids, only 4 bases

BSCI330 SPRING (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions