Final Building ID

Question 1

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Answer 1

Nazca lines, Nazca civilization, Peru 100BCE - 700CE. 1.) the permanence of the Nazca lines is due to the aridness of the Nazca desert where they were found. 2.) the designs are only visible from the air. 3.) Made by removing the red pebbles to reveal white clay beneath

Question 2

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Answer 2

Hadrian’s villa, Emperor Hadrian, Rome/Italy, 117-138CE. 1.) Architecture was a set of mini-worlds that represented his empire. 2.) had extensive underground service tunnels. 3.) location of the Island Villa, which is surrounded by a moat and is unique in Roman architecture.

Question 3

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Answer 3

Pantheon, Emperor Hadrian, Rome/Italy, 126CE. 1.) Jupiter represented by light coming through an oculus at the top of the dome. 2.) so designed that a sphere would fit perfectly in the interior space. 3.) had a dome made entirely from concrete.

Question 4

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Answer 4

Terracotta Warriors, Qin Shi Huang the first emperor of China, Qin dynasty, Xianyang/China, 221-206BCE. 1.) part of a massive tomb for Emperor Qin, the first emperor to fully unify China. 2.) Largest preserved site in China. 3.) mirrors the layout of Xianyang, the capital.

Question 5

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Answer 5

Early Christian Architecture, Christian meeting house, Dura-Europos/Syria, 230CE. 1.) All activity centered in the interior of the structure, as Christianity was outlawed at the time. 2.) the interior as sacred was in opposition to the pagan concept of religion being out in the open. 3.) led to a clear distinction between faithful and not-faithful.

Question 6

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Answer 6

Baths of Diocletian, patron Maximian, Rome, 306CE. 1.) had a complex system to heat and cool the pools. 2.) was a major social center. 3.) Served as inspiration for the Basilica of Constantine.

Question 7

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Answer 7

The Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova), Rome, 308-312CE. 1.) played out the basic plan of later churches. 2.) largest building in the Roman forum. 3.) contained a giant statue of Constantine in the apse.

Question 8

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Answer 8

Tikal (Yax Mutul), Maya-Northern Guatemala, 292-700CE. 1.) the temples have unique steep profile. 2.) its location required a high degree of organization to make habitable. 3.) houses were in groups of four to seven, spread out evenly across the city.

Question 9

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Answer 9

Taq-i Kisra, Iwan (throne room), patron Shapur I, the Sassanian Empire, Ctesiphon/Iraq, 224CE-651CE. 1.) the pointed arch was later adopted into mosque architecture. 2.) posit,ly the largest vault in ancient history. 3.) where the origin of the carpeted floors in mosques came from.

Question 10

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Answer 10

Old St. Peters, Early Christian, Basilica, Martyria, 400CE. 1.) is built over Emperor Nero’s racetrack. 2.) originally founded over the tomb of St. Peter by Constantine. 3.) one of the first uses of the nave-and-transept design in churches.

Question 11

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Answer 11

Santa Maria Maggiore, Early Christian Basilica, Rome, 432CE. 1.) one of original 7 great churches of the world. 2.) preserved the Constantinian tradition of a colonnaded basilica. 3.) largest Catholic marian church in Rome.

Question 12

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Answer 12

Bamiyan Caves, China and Central Asia Buddhism, Bamiyan Valley/Hazarajat/Afghanistan, Built in 507CE, the larger in 554CE. 1.) located at the center of the 5th century Eurasian world. 2.) former home to the Bamiyan Buddhas, one of the first of their kind . 3.) blow up by the Taliban in 2001.

Question 13

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Answer 13

St. Vitale, Ravenna/Italy, 538-545CE. 1.) known as a prime example of Byzantine architecture in the West. 2.) centrally planned, with a nave in the center of an octagon. 3.) the narthex and the rest of the building are off axis.

Question 14

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Answer 14

Temple 26, Mayan City State, Copan/Honduras, 5th C CE - 9th C CE. 1.) built on for a period of six hundred years. 2.) contains an incredibly well preserved Mayan shrine. 3.) this shrine was the last to have intricate stucco decoration.

Question 15

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Answer 15

Five Rathas, Hindu Temples, Mamallapuram/Tamil Nadu/India, 7th C CE. 1.) four of the temples are carved out of a single large rock. 2.) every temple a model of the Hindu cosmic order. 3.) subtractive architecture made to look like additive architecture.

Question 16

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Answer 16

Ise Jingu, Nara Period, Japan, 8th C CE. 1.) a wooden structure rebuilt every 20 years since 500 CE. 2.) the most important Shinto shrine and a central Japanese heritage site. 3.) how close you are allowed to get to the innermost shrine is representative if your social status.

Question 17

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Answer 17

Umayyad Mosque, Damascus/Syria, 709-715CE. 1.) an older Byzantine church incorporated into the design. 2.) Muslims and Christians shared it at first, peacefully. 3.) richly decorated.

Question 18

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Answer 18

Great Mosque of Cordoba, the Mezquita, Cordoba/Andalusia/Spain, 784CE. 1.) one of the earliest examples of monumental Islamic architecture. 2.) has one of the first minaret towers in Islam. 3.) some of the capitals taken from destroyed churches and Roman buildings.

Question 19

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Answer 19

Candi Prambanam, Hindu Architecture, Central Java/Indonesia,, 850CE. 1.) three central shrines dedicated to Hindu trinity. 2.) 224 shrines are arranged around the three center shrines. 3.) shrines are distinct two story structures.

Question 20

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Answer 20

Borobudur, Buddhist Architecture, Java/Indonesia, 760-830CE. 1.) built to represent the cosmic mountain of Buddhism. 2.) the layout represents a mandala. 3.) designed to give the pilgrim a septic experience when climbing up the structure.

Question 21

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Answer 21

Pueblo Bonito, Chaco (Anasazi) culture, New Mexico, 828-1126CE. 1.) has no garbage piles, leading one to suggest that it did not have a permanent population. 2.) has marking indicating solar and lunar cycles. 3.) consists of many large circular, partially underground rooms called kivas.

Question 22

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Answer 22

Plan of St. Gall, Monastery of St. Gall, Switzerland, 9th C CE 1.) divided into public west, monastery middle, and garden east. 2.) nave church, no transept. 3.) used standard Carolingian measurements.

Question 23

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Answer 23

Krandaria Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho/Madhya Pradesh/India, 1050 CE. 1.) symbolic of Mt. Meru, the mythical source of creation. 2.) has intricately carved stonework decorating the whole structure. 3.) represents Shiva.

Question 24

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Answer 24

Pilgrimage Churches, Santiago De Compostela, Compostela/Spain, 11th C CE. 1.) used to attract pilgrims who could not go to Jerusalem because of the Crusades. 2.) reputed burial lace of St. James the Great. 3.) end of the Way of St. James

Question 25

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Answer 25

Cathedral of Ani, Architect Trdat, Ani/Armenia, 11th C CE. 1.) considered a masterpiece of Armenian architecture. 2.) structure larger than the size of the dome would permit. 3.) is a fusion between a basilica and a central plan church.

Question 26

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Answer 26

Baptistery of Florence, Battistero di San Giovanni, Tuscany/Italy, 1059-1128 CE. 1.) one of the oldest buildings in Florence. 2.) built in the Romanesque style. 3.) very inspirational to later Renaissance architects.

Question 27

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Answer 27

Cathedral of Pisa, Tuscany/Italy, architect Busketo, 1064 CE. 1.) set the model for the distinctive
Pisan Romanesque style. 2.) the incorporation of architectural elements
borrowed from Roman and Byzantine architecture. 3.) use of alternating rows of different kinds of stone
in contrasting colors.

Question 28

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Answer 28

Fontenay Abbey, Romanesque, Montbard/Franc, 1118 CE. 1.) oldest ensemble still in existence. 2.) hallmark of Cistercian architecture. 3.) no decorative motifs or images anywhere.

Question 29

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Answer 29

Great Mosque of Isfahan (Friday Mosque), Masjid-i Jome, Isfahan/Iran. 1.) first example of four Iwan courtyard. 2.) one of the most influential of all early Seljuk religious structures. 3.) masterpiece of Persian architecture.

Question 30

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Answer 30

The Alhambra (Red Castle), Court of the Lions, Granada/Spain, patron Mohammed I, 12th C CE. 1.) four channels of water representing four rivers of paradise. 2.) stylized Koran verses on the walls. 3.) a symbol of authority

Question 31

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Answer 31

Chichen Itza, Ball court, Toltec Empire, Post-Classic Period, 12th C CE. 1.) almost the size of a football field. 2.) hoops 8 meters high. 3.) largest ball court in pre-Columbian America

Question 32

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Answer 32

Amiens Cathedral, France, 1220-1269. 1.) a Gothic cathedral. 2.) tall nave arches and high clerestory windows. 3.) integration of coursing piers in nave facade.

Question 33

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Answer 33

Mendicant Orders, St. Croce, Arnolfo di Cambio, Florence/Italy, 1296. 1.) principal Franciscan church in Florence. 2.) largest Franciscan church in the world. 3.) served as dormitories for monks.

Question 34

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Answer 34

Giotto’s tower, Giotto di Bondone, Florence/Italy, 1334-1359. 1.) The hexagonal panels on the lower level depict the history of mankind. 2.) one of the hallmarks of Florentine Gothic architecture. 3.) one of the four principal monuments on the Piazza del Duomo.

Question 35

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Answer 35

Cathedral of Florence, Duomo, Dome, Filippo Brunelleschi, Florence/Italy, 1296-1436. 1.) dome inspired by the Pantheon. 2.) result of a very applied, sophisticated engineering approach inspired by Classical architecture. 3.) spreading problem was solved by a set of four internal horizontal stone and iron chains, serving as barrel hoops, embedded within the inner dome

Question 36

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Answer 36

Ospedale degli Innocenti, Piazza della Santissima, Annunziata, Florence/Italy, Filippo Brunelleschi, 1419-1424. 1.) first classical building since the fall of Rome. 2.) had Florentine’s best attempts at Corinthian columns. 3.) had rational and clear proportions.