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Peds > final blueprint > Flashcards

final blueprint Flashcards

1
Q

Infant ages

A

1month-12month

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2
Q

Infant weight

A

6-9lb: double by 5 months, triple by 12 month

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3
Q

infant height

A

19-21inch increase by 50% by 12 month

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4
Q

infant HC

A

33-35cm increases by 10cm by 12 mo

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5
Q

When does the AF close?

A

12-18 month

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6
Q

When do the PF close?

A

6-8 weeks

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7
Q

How do vitals change in infants?

A

blood pressure increase, hr/rr decrease

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8
Q

What are infants at risk for?

A

URI, Dehydration, Heat loss,

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9
Q

Why are infants at risk for heat loss?

A

blood capillaries closer to skin

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10
Q

Why are infants at risk for dehydration?

A

mostly water

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11
Q

when should infants start solids?

A

4-6 months

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12
Q

What do we introduce first to infants?

A

cereal (rice, oatmeal)
veggies
fruits (last)

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13
Q

4 mo gross motor milestone

A

rolls from back to side, head control

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14
Q

4 mo fine motor skill

A

Grasp objects with both hands

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15
Q

6 mo gross

A

rolls from front to back

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16
Q

6 mo fine

A

hold bottle

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17
Q

9 mo gross

A

sits unsupported

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18
Q

9 mo fine

A

crude pincer grasp

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19
Q

12 mo gross

A

sits down from standing, walks with one hand indep

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20
Q

12 mo fine

A

attempts 2 block tower, turns pgs in book.
feeds self with spoon
uses cup

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21
Q

Language for infant

A

coo@ 3mo
Babble @6 mo
3-5 words by 12 mo

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22
Q

infant play

A

solitary

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23
Q

age approp activities infant

A

mobiles
rattles
mirrors
balls and blocks
pat a cake

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24
Q

Atraumatic care infant

A

soothing music
therpeutic hugging
speak in calm voice
distraction with color/ noise making toys

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25
Q

Infant Ericksons stage

A

trust vs mistrust

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26
Q

What starts at 8 months?

A

separation anxiety

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27
Q

Piagets stage infant

A

sensorimotor

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28
Q

What goes along with separation anxiety at 8 months?

A

object permanence

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29
Q

toddler ages

A

1-3

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30
Q

What is important to note with toddlers nutrition?

A

Physiological anoreixa
Picky eater
Food Jags
Ritualism with eating
Bottle and no-spill cups wean by 15 months to prevent carriers

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31
Q

Why do toddlers have Physiologic anorexia?

A

due to slowing growth rate

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32
Q

Ritualism with eating?

A

insists on same dish, cup, spoon

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33
Q

Car seat safety toddler

A

rear facing with harness straps and clip until age 2.
After age 2: forward facing but in rear seat of car.
If rear seat unavailable, AIRBAG DISABLED

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34
Q

Language development Toddler

A

Telegraphic speech ((more juice)
Echolalila: repeats what others say
50-300 words by age 2

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35
Q

toddler play

A

parallel play (egocentric, do not like to share)

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36
Q

Age approp activities for toddler

A

filling and emptying containers, balls and blocks, books, finger paints, thick crayons

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37
Q

Atraumatic care toddler

A

facilitates independence
offer choices
encourage caregivers in routine care
engage in parallel play

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38
Q

Preschooler ages

A

3-6

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39
Q

Erickson’s preschooler

A

Initiative vs guilt

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40
Q

initiative

A

when placed in an environment where child can explore, make decisions, and initiate activities.

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41
Q

Guilt

A

when put in an environment where initiation is repressed through criticism and control

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42
Q

Piaget Preschool

A

Preconceptual—intuitive (4-7)

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43
Q

Examples of PIAGET in preschool

A

magical thinking: believe thoughts are powerful
Imaginary friends
Animism: give life like qualities to inanimate objects
TIME: begin to understand sequence of time, daily events best explained in relation to a common event

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44
Q

Preschool social development

A

Fears are common of dark, hospitalization, procedures
Regression: during stress, illness or insecurity

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45
Q

Preschool play

A

associative

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46
Q

Age approp activities preschool

A

play pretend
puzzles
active play
reading books
arts and crafts
messy play

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47
Q

Atraumatic care pre school

A

puppets, or storyteling
speak honestly
use simple concrete terms
ask specific questions
allow choices
participate in imaginative play

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48
Q

Language develop preschool

A

2000 word vocab, 5 word sentence
difficulty with some consonats due to rushing
elaborate stories

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49
Q

School age

A

6-12

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50
Q

School age normal assessment findings

A

-abdominal breathing replaced with diaphragmatic breathing
-frontal sinuses by age 7
development of secondary sex characteristics
-brain growth complete by 10
-primary teeth replaced with 28-32 permanet teeth

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51
Q

Physical growth school aged

A

weight: 4.5-6.5lbs/year
height: grow 2 inches/year

52
Q

Nutrition school aged

A

age 4-8: 1400-1600 cals, calcium: 1000mg
age 9-13: 1600-2000 cals, calcium 1300mg
OBESEITY PREVENTION

53
Q

Social development school aged

A

self concept shaped by peers
Body image: very interested in how others view their body
Feeling accepted and not different is importnat

54
Q

School age play

A

cooperative

55
Q

Adolescent age

56
Q

Adolescent nutrition

A

2000 cal a day
calcium 1300mg
obeseity prevention
anorexia/ bulimia common

57
Q

iron teaching for adolescent

A

males: 11mg
Females: 15mg

58
Q

Care for hospitalized adolescent

A

always respect privacy
ensure confidientaility
remain non judgemental
listen
approp medical terminology
do not force to talk

59
Q

Age approp adolscent

A

peer interactions
reading
music
part time job/ driving

60
Q

Hypoxemia assessment findings

A

Tachypnea first sing
pallor
cyanosis

61
Q

Signs of respiratory distress

A

retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, head bobbing, restlessness, stridor, wheezing, rales, weak pp

62
Q

Hypoxemia management

63
Q

Hypoxemia POC

A

o2 therapy
pulse ox
CPT
suctioning

64
Q

asthma nursing assessment

A

silent chest is omnious sign
hacking, non productive cough
chest tight
wheeze/ crackles
dyspnea

65
Q

Asthma management

A

avoid triggers and reduce/control inflammation episodes
Acute: restore effective breathing pattern and gas exchange

66
Q

asthma diagnostics

A

PFT: not useful during acute exacerbation
PFR: daily to monitor management and for signs of acute sx.

67
Q

asthma labs

68
Q

chronic asthma meds

A

Formoterol, fluticosone, cromolyn, montelukast

69
Q

Acute excacerbation

A

Albuterol, Ipatropium, prednisone

70
Q

CF medication management

A

CPT and aerosol therapy (dornase alfa)
Pancreatic enzymes, high protein and calorie diet. Fluids, fat soluble vitamins

71
Q

What does dornase alfa do?

A

decrease viscocity of mucus and bronchodilates

72
Q

dx of CF

A

SCT: >40 in infants <3mo
>60 for everyone else
>90 sodium

73
Q

s/s cf pulmonary

A

thick, tenacious sputum, air trapping, cor pulmonale, clubbing, barrel chest

74
Q

s/s CF GI

A

loss of pancreatic enzyme function
abd distention, difficulty passing stools, steratorrhea, ftt, vitamin adek deficiney.

75
Q

croup physical cues

A

barking cough, inspiratory stridor, tachypnea, sudden onset at night, 3-5 days

76
Q

croup priorities

A

home care for mild cases
-corticosteroids will decrease inflammation
RACEMIC epi: decrease bronchial edema

77
Q

HF nursing priorities

A

promoting oxygentation and ventilation
daily weight
i/o
upright
O2
cpt
suction

78
Q

HF medication

A

digoxin, lasix, ace, BB

79
Q

Digoxin management

A

count apical pulse for 1 full minute
hold <90 infant
hold <70 in child
hold <60 in adolescent

80
Q

digoxin level

81
Q

signs of digoxin toxicity

A

n/v anorexia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias

82
Q

antidote for digoxin

A

digoxin immune fab

83
Q

diuretics (lasix) management

A

bp i/o, weight, electrolytes (K)

84
Q

se of lasix

A

hypokalemia, n/v, dizziness, ototoxicity

85
Q

ACE (captopril/enalpril) management

A

bp before and after

86
Q

BB: metoprolol management

A

monitor bp and hr before and after admin

87
Q

se of bb

A

dizziness, hypotension, HA

89
Q

COA assessment findings

A

increase bp in upper extremities, and decreased in lower
full bounding pulses in upper
absent/weak in lower
nose bleeds

90
Q

COA dx

A

rib notching on xray

91
Q

Tetrology of Fallot

A
  1. VSD
  2. Pulmonary stenosis
  3. RVH
    4 Overriding aorta
    r–>L shunting
92
Q

ss of TOF

A

loud harsh systolic murmur
polycythemia
tet spells (blue baby)

93
Q

TOF nursing management

A

knee to chest maneuvuer and calm comfort approach
O2
morphine
These will improve tet sx
prostaglandins

94
Q

what does the heart look like on x-ray of TOF?

A

boot-shaped

95
Q

Kawasaki disease assessment findings

A

strawberry tongue
bright red chapped lips
bilateral joint pain
enlarged lymph nodes
bilateral conjungtivitis
w/o exudate
desquamation of fingers

96
Q

Kawasaki disease tx

A

ASA, and immunoglobins

97
Q

main tx goal of Kawasaki

A

reduce inflammation in walls of coronary arteries and prevent thrombosis

98
Q

sinus tach characteristics

A

fever, pain, fluid loss, hypoxia,
p-wave present and normal

99
Q

sinus tach manag

A

fixing the cause

100
Q

sinus brady characterisitics

A

associated with vagal stimulation, altered profusion
arrest and omnious sign

101
Q

sinus brady manage

A

fix underlying issue

102
Q

SVT characteristics

A

hr infant >220
hr child >180
abnormal p waves

103
Q

compensated SVT

A

alert, well perfused
tx: vagal maneuevuers first. Ice to face, adenosine

104
Q

uncompensated svt

A

sign of shock
tx: adenosine, or synchronized cardioversion

105
Q

Dehydration oral rehydration

A

mild or moderate
pedialyte
mild: 50ml within 4hours
mode:100ml in 4
diarrhea loss 10ml each stool

106
Q

Dehydration IV rehydration

A

severe
20ml/kg Ns of bolus in addition to maintaince fluids
100ml/kg-1st 10
50ml/kg-2nd kg
20ml/kg last kg
24 hours

107
Q

Pyloric Stenosis nursing assessment

A

Forceful projectile vomitting
hunger soon after vomitting
olive shaped mass in the RUQ (moveable)
weight loss

108
Q

Pyloric stenosis labs

A

Hypochloremia
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis

109
Q

Pyloric stenosis treatment

A

Laproscopic surgery, ivf, ngt

110
Q

Hirschsprungs expected findings

A

Newborn: failure to pass meconium, billious emesis, abd distention
infant/child: FTT, chronic constipation

111
Q

Hirschsprungs treatment

A

4 phase surgery with colostomy

112
Q

Entercolitis symptoms

A

fever, bloody stools, distention

113
Q

Acute Glomerulonephritis physical findings

A

decreased UOP
mild edema
TEA colored urine

114
Q

Acute Glomerulonephritis lab findings

A

UA: hematuria, proteinuria
CMP: increased BUN/Cr
Increased ESR
+ASO Titer

115
Q

Acute Glomerulonephritis nursing management

A

maintaining fluid volume and managing HTN

116
Q

Acute Glomerulonephritis treatment

A

antihypertensives, diuretics, monitor daily weights, and urinary output

117
Q

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome assessment findings

118
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome nursing management

A

Maintaining fluid balance, managing HTN, acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities
contact precautions, PRBC/Plt for active bleeding and IVIG

119
Q

Hypospadias physical findings

A

Abnormal urethral opening on ventral surface
-below glans penis?

120
Q

Hypospadias treatment

A

Surgically repaired, post op: secure urethral stent/drainage tubing , compression dressing, DOUBLE diapering

121
Q

GHD clinical manifestations

122
Q

GHD treatment

123
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism manifestations

124
Q

DKA symptoms

125
Q

DKA management

126
Q

Hydrocephalus physical cues

127
Q

Hydrocephalus management

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