Final: All structures (Ben/Lukas)

Question 1

Answer 1

tyr

neutral, polar

aromatic

• side chain is phenol

Question 2

Answer 2

Propionic Acid

Question 3

Answer 3

Testosterone

Question 4

Answer 4

Creatinine

(breakdown product of creatine-P)

Question 5

Answer 5

acetoacetic acid

(basically just two acetic acids combined)

Question 6

Answer 6

epinephrine

(decarboxylated, double hydroxlated and methylated tyrosine)

Question 7

Answer 7

tryptamine

(decarboxylated tryptophan)

Question 8

Answer 8

val

neutral, nonpolar

• one of the 3 branched-chain AAs

Question 9

Answer 9

arg

basic, polar

• pka of side chain is more basic than amine
• side chain is guanidine after three CH₂s

Question 10

Answer 10

xanthine

(purine with 2 oxo grps)

Question 11

Answer 11

Cortisol

Question 12

Answer 12

asn

neutral, polar

the amine in the side chain is NEVER protonated

• contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH₂ replacing OH) attached to CH₂

Question 13

Answer 13

glu

acidic, polar

• side chain is carboxyl after two CH₂s

Question 14

Answer 14

adenine

(purine with only an amino grp)

Question 15

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Question 16

Answer 16

Cholic Acid

(dont confuse with cholesterol … has more -OH grps on its rings plus has -COOH on side chain rather than that branching of cholesterol)

Question 17

Answer 17

gamma carboxy glutamate

Question 18

Answer 18

citrate

Question 19

Answer 19

GABA

• decarboxylated glutamate

Question 20

Answer 20

ile

neutral, nonpolar

2 chiral centers (4 configurations)

Question 21

Answer 21

fumarate

Question 22

Answer 22

cGMP

(note the cyclized P and ribose, plus the =O and -NH2 on the purine means guanine)

Question 23

Answer 23

acetone

Question 24

Answer 24

Acetylcholine

(triple methylated N of choline plus acetyl grp)

Question 25

Answer 25

leu

neutral, nonpolar

• one of the 3 brainched chain AAs

Answer 26

glycocholic acid

(dont confuse with cholesterol or cholic acid… that long side chain has a nitrogen from the glycine which is conjugated to cholic acid)

Question 27

Answer 27

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

Question 28

Answer 28

isocitric acid

Question 29

Answer 29

fructose-6- phosphate

Question 30

Answer 30

lys

basic, polar

• pka of side chain is more basic than amine
• side chain is an amino group after four CH₂s

Question 31

Answer 31

Glycine

Question 32

Answer 32

ethanolamine

(ethanol with an amine… ya big idiot)

Question 33

Answer 33

aldosterone

Question 34

Answer 34

ribose-5-phosphate

Question 35

Answer 35

Histamine

(decarbed His)

Question 36

Answer 36

phe

neutral, nonpolar

aromatic

Question 37

Answer 37

thr

neutral, polar

2 chiral centers

Question 38

Answer 38

phosphatidylcholine

• choline is the z group
• found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves
• AKA lecithin

Question 39

Answer 39

Ornithine

(dont confuse with Lys! … Lys has one more -CH₂- in its R group)

Question 40

Answer 40

cytosine

(pyrimidine with amino and oxo)

Question 41

Answer 41

Progesterone

Question 42

Answer 42

Sec (Selenocysteine)

Neutral

Polar

• selenium replaces sulfur in cysteine’s thiol group

Question 43

Answer 43

Sphingosine

• found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes
• important in signaling as well

(looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)

Question 44

Answer 44

alanine

Question 45

Answer 45

carnitine

Question 46

Answer 46

alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate

(starting from the right side… there is an alpha amino group and beta ketone… this is the intermediate of ALA synthase in delta-aminolevulinate synthesis)

Question 47

Answer 47

glycerol

Question 48

Answer 48

diacylglycerol

glycerol backbone plus 2 FAs (R grps) connected via ester linkages

Question 49

Answer 49

glucose

Question 50

Answer 50

Phosphatidic Acid

Question 51

Answer 51

Beta Alanine

(alanine with amino in beta position)

Question 52

Answer 52

α- ketoglutarate

Question 53

Answer 53

cAMP

(note the cyclized phosphate and ribose and the single amino grp on the purine = adenine)

Question 54

Answer 54

Cephalin

AKA phosphatidylethanolamine

(the longer name makes more sense… is a phosphatidic acid with ethanolamine attached at the P grp … R grps are fatty acids)

Question 55

Answer 55

glucosamine

Question 56

Answer 56

2-phosphoglycerate

Question 57

Answer 57

oxaloacetate OXA

Question 58

Answer 58

dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP

Question 59

ignore Mg²⁺

Answer 59

malate

Question 60

Answer 60

Urea

Question 61

Answer 61

fructose

Question 62

Answer 62

glucuronic acid

(NOT glucose! because it has a -COOH instead of -CH2OH)

Question 63

Answer 63

carbamoyl phosphate

(ammonia + bicarbonate + phosphate … sort of)

Question 64

Answer 64

glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 65

Answer 65

Uric Acid

(purine with 3 oxo groups)

Question 66

Answer 66

serotonin

(decarboxylated and hydroxylated Trp)

Question 67

Answer 67

delta-aminolevulinic acid

(decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate in the ALA synthase rxn)

Question 68

Answer 68

acetic acid

Question 69

Answer 69

Estradiol

Question 70

Answer 70

galactose

Question 71

Answer 71

norepinephrine

(decarboxylated and double hydroxylated tyrosine)

Question 72

Answer 72

B-hydroxy-B-methyl-glutarate

(AKA HMG as in HMG-CoA)

(the B OH and B -CH3 right in the middle of the molecule give it away)

Question 73

Answer 73

glucose-6-phosphate (alpha D)

Question 74

Answer 74

Creatine

(made from Gly and Arg … into guanidinoacetate … then methylated on that middle N)

Question 75

Answer 75

1,3-BPG

Question 76

Answer 76

glucose-1-phosphate

Question 77

Answer 77

phosphoenolpyruvate PEP

Question 78

Answer 78

asp

acidic, polar

• side chain is carboxyl after one CH₂

Question 79

Answer 79

met

neutral, nonpolar

• S comes after two CH₂s

Question 80

Answer 80

6-phosphogluconate

Question 81

Answer 81

3-phosphoglycerate

Question 82

Answer 82

Hydroxyproline

Question 83

Answer 83

hypoxanthine

(purine with only one oxo grp)

Question 84

Answer 84

thymine

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo and 1 methyl grp… ie methylated uracil)

Question 85

Answer 85

ser

neutral, polar

Question 86

Answer 86

Citrulline

(don’t mistake for arginine!)

Question 87

Answer 87

gln

neutral, polar

• contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH₂ replacing OH) attached to second CH₂

Question 88

Answer 88

taurocholic acid

(dont confuse with… cholesterol OR cholic acid OR glycocholic acid…. there’s an S in there, ya big dummy)

Question 89

Answer 89

pro

neutral, nonpolar

not an amino acid, but a cyclic amino or imino acid

with a secondary amide contained within the ring

Question 90

Answer 90

Androstenedione

Question 91

Answer 91

uracil

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo grps)

Question 92

Answer 92

creatine phosphate

Question 93

Answer 93

his

basic, polar

aromatic

• side chain is imidazole attached to one CH₂ via the C furthest from the lone N

Question 94

Answer 94

beta-hydroxy-butyrate

(OH on the beta carbon)

Question 95

Answer 95

trp

neutral, polar

aromatic

• contains an indole (benzene + pyrrole) group attached to -CH₂ via the double bonded C of its pyrrole furthest from the N

Question 96

Answer 96

succinate

Question 97

Answer 97

cys

neutral, polar

• contains a thiol (R-S-H) on a CH₂

Question 98

Answer 98

guanine

(purine with amino and oxo grp)

Question 99

Know how to identify nucleotide AND deoxynucleotide mono, di and triphosphates…

Answer 99

basically just see if the ribose is 2-deoxy or not … then check what base it is… then see how many Ps