FINAL: ACTIVITY/REST

Question 1

What systems work together to create movement?

Answer 1

Musculoskeletal and Neurovascular systems

** Depleted activity in either one causes a depletion of activity **

Question 2

What does the MSK system consist of?

Answer 2

Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscles

Question 3

What does the neurovascular consist of?

Answer 3

neurons (afferent and efferent) conduct energy for CNS reception and MSK movement.

Question 4

What is isotonic exercise?

Answer 4

muscle shortening that involves active movement (running, walking, swimming, etc)

Question 5

What is isometric exercise?

Answer 5

muscle innervation without shortening that muscle (yoga, pilates, stretching, etc.)

Question 6

What is isokinetic exercise?

Answer 6

using weights or weight lifting devices (can sit on the side of the bed and do some weight lifting with weights around ankles)

Question 7

What is osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 7

dwarfism (pre-mature calcification of the bones); more prone to brittle bones

Question 8

What is paget’s disease?

Answer 8

abnormal regeneration

Question 9

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 9

joint immobility; brittle bones - very prone to fractures from the slightest of falls

Question 10

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 10

progressive; no cure = weakness

Question 11

What is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 11

weakness caused by neuromuscular junction that prevents fibers from contracting (pt cant ambulate

Question 12

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 12

progressive and prolonged illnesses that result in spasms and muscle depletion/weakening

** Types: Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy **

Question 13

What is parkinson’s disease?

Answer 13

progressive degeneration of the ganglia; affects walking, coordination and balance = tremors and shaking

Question 14

What is MS?

Answer 14

affects the myelin sheaths of the neurons CNS degenerates and hardens with plaque = loose coordination and have tremors = fatigue

Question 15

What is paresis?

Answer 15

impaired muscle strength

Question 16

What is paralysis?

Answer 16

lost of any type of nerve (temp or permenant)

Question 17

What is hemiparesis?

Answer 17

weakness on just one half of the body

Question 18

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 18

paralysis on half the body

Question 19

What is paraplegia/quadriplegia?

Answer 19

paralysis of lower extremities; paralysis on all extremities

Question 20

What are SCD/TEDS used for?

Answer 20

stockings that go up to the thigh/knee; made to assist valves of lower extremities to return blood back up to the heart

Question 21

What is meant by footdrop?

Answer 21

keep the patient at a dorsal flexion (the feet) position when in bed to prevent footdrop

Question 22

What is the physiology of sleep based on?

Answer 22

circadian rhythms - Affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines

Question 23

What is chronotherapy?

Answer 23

field of study on how medication and sleep patterns evolve

Question 24

What is night shift chrono-disruption?

Answer 24

biological rhythm of sleep that gets synchronized with other body functions

Question 25

Facts about the sleep cycle:

Answer 25

- stages 1-3 = 5%-50% is considered light sleep - stages 3-4 = 10% sleep with deep sleep states - REM = 20%-25% of nightly sleep time (vitals adjust to sleep conditions) *** older adults rarely get to delta sleep state (stages 3 and 4) ***

Question 26

What are some sleep disorders?

Answer 26

- Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep affects 35% of pop. women suffer more (depression); caused by stress, shift work, etc. - Obstructive Sleep Apnea: muscles in throat and neck relax and block airway causing breathing to start and stop (15x per hour for 10-20 sec. up tp 2 minutes) = CPAP - Hypersomnia: excessive sleep during the day (genetic) - Narcolepsy: excessive day time sleepiness with frequent urge to sleep in the day time; 70% develop into catapalipsy (loss of muscle tone) they can fall asleep doing ANYTHING! - Shift Work Disorder: break in circadian rhythm - Jet Lag Disorder: travel long distance across time zones - Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS): tingling sensation in legs when tired; 15% of pop. affected - Sleep Deprivation: occurs as a result of depleted REM

Question 27

When should caffeine be restricted to get adequate sleep?

Answer 27

4-5 hours before bedtime (also, eliminate alcohol and fluids)

Question 28

What are the top 3 nutritional sources for tryptophan?

Answer 28

- whole milk - milk (2%) - canned tuna

Question 29

How many times should a ROM exercise be conducted on each side?

Answer 29

2-5 times

Question 30

What are the ROM exercises for the bilateral arms?

Answer 30

- Shoulder Abduction and Adduction; Internal and External Rotation - Elbow Flexion and Extension - Wrist Supination and Pronation; Flexion, extension and hyperextension - Finger Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 31

What are the ROM exercises for the bilateral legs?

Answer 31

- Hip Abduction and Adduction; Flexion and Extension; internal and external rotation - Knee Flexion and Extension - Ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion; and inversion and eversion - Toe Flexion/ Extension/ abduction/ adduction

Question 32

What are the steps to turn/move a patient in bed?

Answer 32

- Elevated bed to a comfortable working Height - If Patient is not able to assist, request assistance - If Patient is able to help, encourage their help - Use a draw sheet or similar Item to assist with repositioning to avoid Shearing injuries - Straighten sheets and pads when finished, remove damp/soiled linens. Lower bed and place call light within patient’s reach.

Question 33

What should be considered when transferring from bed/chair/wheelchair?

Answer 33

- Raise bed and stretcher to comfortable working height - Ensure all wheels are locked - Transfer to bed or stretcher - Will depend on if the patient is alert and able to assist with transfer - Will generally have more than one caregiver - If patient is awake and able to move, then they would “scoot” between bed and stretcher with standby assist *** use a gait belt, Have the patient Dangle legs over side of bed before attempting to stand. Keep your feet about shoulder width apart, back straight, bend at the knees. Block patient’s foot with your foot to help avoid sliding ***

Question 34

What are some facts about ambulation using crutches?

Answer 34

- Hold crutches about 12” in front of and to the side of each foot - 4 pt gait- right crutch-> left foot->Left crutch ->Right foot - 3 pt gait- move affected leg and both crutches, then strong leg - 2 pt gait- Left crutch and right foot at same time, then Right crutch and left foot at same time - Swing gate- move both crutches forward, then lift legs and swing through

Question 35

What are some facts about ambulation using a cane?

Answer 35

- hold the cane close to the body on the strong side - advance the cane->then the strong leg (while weak leg is supported by cane) - then advance weak leg and cane