FINAL: ACTIVITY/REST Flashcards
What systems work together to create movement?
Musculoskeletal and Neurovascular systems
** Depleted activity in either one causes a depletion of activity **
What does the MSK system consist of?
Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscles
What does the neurovascular consist of?
neurons (afferent and efferent) conduct energy for CNS reception and MSK movement.
What is isotonic exercise?
muscle shortening that involves active movement (running, walking, swimming, etc)
What is isometric exercise?
muscle innervation without shortening that muscle (yoga, pilates, stretching, etc.)
What is isokinetic exercise?
using weights or weight lifting devices (can sit on the side of the bed and do some weight lifting with weights around ankles)
What is osteogenesis imperfecta
dwarfism (pre-mature calcification of the bones); more prone to brittle bones
What is paget’s disease?
abnormal regeneration
What is osteoporosis?
joint immobility; brittle bones - very prone to fractures from the slightest of falls
What is muscular dystrophy?
progressive; no cure = weakness
What is myasthenia gravis?
weakness caused by neuromuscular junction that prevents fibers from contracting (pt cant ambulate
What is muscular dystrophy?
progressive and prolonged illnesses that result in spasms and muscle depletion/weakening
** Types: Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy **
What is parkinson’s disease?
progressive degeneration of the ganglia; affects walking, coordination and balance = tremors and shaking
What is MS?
affects the myelin sheaths of the neurons CNS degenerates and hardens with plaque = loose coordination and have tremors = fatigue
What is paresis?
impaired muscle strength
What is paralysis?
lost of any type of nerve (temp or permenant)
What is hemiparesis?
weakness on just one half of the body
What is hemiplegia?
paralysis on half the body
What is paraplegia/quadriplegia?
paralysis of lower extremities; paralysis on all extremities
What are SCD/TEDS used for?
stockings that go up to the thigh/knee; made to assist valves of lower extremities to return blood back up to the heart
What is meant by footdrop?
keep the patient at a dorsal flexion (the feet) position when in bed to prevent footdrop
What is the physiology of sleep based on?
circadian rhythms - Affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
What is chronotherapy?
field of study on how medication and sleep patterns evolve
What is night shift chrono-disruption?
biological rhythm of sleep that gets synchronized with other body functions
Facts about the sleep cycle:
- stages 1-3 = 5%-50% is considered light sleep
- stages 3-4 = 10% sleep with deep sleep states
- REM = 20%-25% of nightly sleep time (vitals adjust to sleep conditions)
** older adults rarely get to delta sleep state (stages 3 and 4) **
What are some sleep disorders?
- Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep affects 35% of pop. women suffer more (depression); caused by stress, shift work, etc.
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea: muscles in throat and neck relax and block airway causing breathing to start and stop (15x per hour for 10-20 sec. up tp 2 minutes) = CPAP
- Hypersomnia: excessive sleep during the day (genetic)
- Narcolepsy: excessive day time sleepiness with frequent urge to sleep in the day time; 70% develop into catapalipsy (loss of muscle tone) they can fall asleep doing ANYTHING!
- Shift Work Disorder: break in circadian rhythm
- Jet Lag Disorder: travel long distance across time zones
- Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS): tingling sensation in legs when tired; 15% of pop. affected
- Sleep Deprivation: occurs as a result of depleted REM
When should caffeine be restricted to get adequate sleep?
4-5 hours before bedtime (also, eliminate alcohol and fluids)
What are the top 3 nutritional sources for tryptophan?
- whole milk
- milk (2%)
- canned tuna
How many times should a ROM exercise be conducted on each side?
2-5 times
What are the ROM exercises for the bilateral arms?
- Shoulder Abduction and Adduction; Internal and External Rotation
- Elbow Flexion and Extension
- Wrist Supination and Pronation; Flexion, extension and hyperextension
- Finger Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
What are the ROM exercises for the bilateral legs?
- Hip Abduction and Adduction; Flexion and Extension; internal and external rotation
- Knee Flexion and Extension
- Ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion; and inversion and eversion
- Toe Flexion/ Extension/ abduction/ adduction
What are the steps to turn/move a patient in bed?
- Elevated bed to a comfortable working Height
- If Patient is not able to assist, request assistance
- If Patient is able to help, encourage their help
- Use a draw sheet or similar Item to assist with repositioning to avoid Shearing injuries
- Straighten sheets and pads when finished, remove damp/soiled linens. Lower bed and place call light within patient’s reach.
What should be considered when transferring from bed/chair/wheelchair?
- Raise bed and stretcher to comfortable working height
- Ensure all wheels are locked
- Transfer to bed or stretcher
- Will depend on if the patient is alert and able to assist with transfer
- Will generally have more than one caregiver
- If patient is awake and able to move, then they would “scoot” between bed and stretcher with standby assist
** use a gait belt, Have the patient Dangle legs over side of bed before attempting to stand. Keep your feet about shoulder width apart, back straight, bend at the knees. Block patient’s foot with your foot to help avoid sliding **
What are some facts about ambulation using crutches?
- Hold crutches about 12” in front of and to the side of each foot
- 4 pt gait- right crutch-> left foot->Left crutch ->Right foot
- 3 pt gait- move affected leg and both crutches, then strong leg
- 2 pt gait- Left crutch and right foot at same time, then Right crutch and left foot at same time
- Swing gate- move both crutches forward, then lift legs and swing through
What are some facts about ambulation using a cane?
- hold the cane close to the body on the strong side
- advance the cane->then the strong leg (while weak leg is supported by cane)
- then advance weak leg and cane
