EXAM 2: Nutrition and GIT Flashcards
These nutrients are not synthesized in the body or not enough is made. Instead, they are provided in diet or supplements:
essential nutrients
These nutrients do not have to be supplied by the diet because they are not required by body functions or are made in the body in adequate amounts:
non-essential nutrients
_______ supply energy and and build tissue
Macronutrients (carbs, fats and proteins)
_______ regulate and control body processes
Micronutrients
These nutrients are 4 calories per gram/4kcal/g:
carbohydrates and proteins
This nutrient is 9 calories per gram/9kcal/g
fats
How much of the adult calories should be from carbohydrates?
45-65%
How much of the adult calories should be from protein?
10-35%
How much of adult calories should be from fats?
<10% from saturated fats (bad fats = butters, oils, lard)
This is the most abundant nutrient, the least expensive source of calories, is converted into glucose to provide energy and is also the easiest macronutrient to digest:
Carbohydrates
What is an example of a complete protein? What is an example of a incomplete protein?
animal sources; plant sources
This nutrient improves taste for some foods and delays gastric emptying so it increases fullness:
fats
This is a better source of fat:
unsaturated (olive oil, avocados, nuts)
You need this is small amounts for metabolism of carbs, proteins and fats. It is essential in the diet because the body does not make it (or not in sufficient amounts)
vitamins
What are the water soluble vitamins?
Vitamin C and B
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamin K, A, D, and E (KADE)
These vitamins need to be attached to a protein to get into the blood circulation
fat soluble
These vitamins are needed daily and are excreted in urine
water soluble
What vitamins create the possibility for toxicity?
fat soluble vitamins A & D
These are found in all body fluids and tissues in the form of salt
minerals
What is the average intake of water adults should be consuming a day?
2,200-3000 mL/day (2-3L/day)
What is the minimum output of water a day in an adult?
30 mL/hr
What should your “plate” of food be made up of?
- fruits
- veggies
- protein
- grains
- dairy
- ** 1/2 plate needs to comes from fruits and veggies***
How can we obtain an nutritional assessment of a patient?
through health history (dietary, medical, & socioeconomic)