Final

Question 1

Anticipatory Socialization

Answer 1

The socialization process that occurs before an individual enters the organization. Information about the occupation and the organization are critical during this time.

Question 2

Encounter

Answer 2

This phase in the socialization process occurs at the “point of entry” into the organization and refers to when the employee first confronts work on the job.

Question 3

Metamorphosis

Answer 3

The final stage of the socialization process when the new employee has made the transition from an outsider to an insider.

Question 4

Normative Method

Answer 4

A rational, logical model of decision making that includes five stages: formulation, concept development, detailing, evaluation, and implementation.

Question 5

Optimizing

Answer 5

A decision-making process in which decision-makers are attempting to find the single best solution to an organizational problem.

Question 6

Satisficing

Answer 6

A decision-making process in which the search is not for a single optimal solution but for a solution that will work well enough for dealing with the situation.

Question 7

Bounded Rationality

Answer 7

The idea that decision-makers attempt to make logical decisions, but they are limited by cognitive limits and practical limits of organizational life.

Question 8

Intuitive Processes

Answer 8

Processes that can enter into the decision-making process which are based upon the tacit knowledge of an individual.

Question 9

Analogical Decision Making

Answer 9

Decision making guided by comparisons to past experience in similar contexts.

Question 10

Intuitive Processes

Answer 10

Processes that can enter into the decision-making process which are based upon the tacit knowledge of an individual.

Question 11

Phase Model of Decision Making

Answer 11

Orientation
Conflict
Emergence
Reinforcement

Question 12

Orientation Phase

Answer 12

A phase in Fisher’s descriptive model of decision making in which group members become acquainted with each other and with the problem at hand.

Question 13

Conflict Phase

Answer 13

A phase in Fisher’s descriptive model of decision making in which possible solutions to the problem are presented and debated.

Question 14

Emergence Phase:

Answer 14

A phase in Fisher’s descriptive model of decision making where the group arrives at some level of consensus about the problem at hand.

Question 15

Reinforcement Phase

Answer 15

A phase in Fisher’s descriptive model of decision making where the group supports the decision made.

Question 16

Multiple Sequence Model:

Answer 16

A model of decision making that represents the variety of decision paths taken by a group.

Question 17

Affective Model of Participation in Decision Making

Answer 17

A model that proposes that PDM will enhance worker satisfaction and productivity through the satisfaction of employees’ higher-order needs.

Question 18

Cognitive Model of Participation in Decision Making

Answer 18

A model that proposes that PDM will enhance worker satisfaction and productivity through the upward and downward flow of information in an organization.

Question 19

Competition

Answer 19

A conflict management strategy characterized by little concern for the needs of the other and a high concern for one’s own needs.

Question 20

Compromise

Answer 20

A conflict management strategy characterized by partially satisfying needs of the other and needs of self.

Question 21

Collaboration

Answer 21

A conflict management style characterized by a high concern for both self and others.

Question 22

Avoidance

Answer 22

A conflict management style characterized by little concern for the needs of the self and others.

Question 23

Accommodating

Answer 23

A conflict management style characterized by satisfying another’s needs while sacrificing one’s own needs.

Question 24

Contingency Theory of Leadership

Answer 24

Proposes that it is important to match the leadership style to the characteristics of the situation.

Question 25

Trait Theories of Leadership

Answer 25

Propose that there are particular qualities that will tend to be associated with leaders and will result in successful leaders.

Question 26

Style Theories of Leadership

Answer 26

Propose that leaders with a particular style will be more effective

Question 27

Transformational Leadership Model

Answer 27

Makes a distinction between transactional leadership in which there is an exchange of some sort between leaders and followers and transformational leaders who, through communication, create a relationship that helps followers reach their full potential, transforming the leader and the follower

Question 28

Surface Acting

Answer 28

Disguising what one feels and pretending to feel what one does not. Surface acting involves a change in behavior, but not a change in felt emotion.

Question 29

Deep Acting

Answer 29

Altering one’s image of a situation so that one does not need to engage in feigning an emotional response.

Question 30

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 30

Suggests that some people are better at understanding and managing emotional content in the workplace.

Question 31

Emotional Labor:

Answer 31

Jobs in which workers are expected to display certain feelings in order to satisfy organizational role expectations.

Question 32

Assimilation

Answer 32

A unilateral process in which minority culture members adopt the norms and values of the dominant group in the organization.

Question 33

Pluralism

Answer 33

A process in which both minority and majority culture members adopt some norms of the other group in the organization.

Question 34

Stigmatization

Answer 34

The process of blaming or shaming a person or group for their past or present circumstance(s) or condition(s).

Question 35

First Generation Affirmative Action

Answer 35

A stage in which the organization is concerned with meeting legally mandated requirements for gender and racial diversity.

Question 36

Second Generation Affirmative Action

Answer 36

A stage where the organization has met affirmative action goals in terms of numbers and the emphasis shifts to supporting female and minority employees.

Question 37

Multicultural Organization

Answer 37

The final phase of workplace development in which the organization moves beyond the concepts of support for minority members to the institution of policies that deliberately capitalize on cultural and gender diversity.

Question 38

Media Richness Model

Answer 38

A theory of communication media usage that proposes that effective managers match the richness of the media to the ambiguity of the task.

Question 39

Social Information Processing Model

Answer 39

A theory of communication media usage that proposes that media use will be a complex function of social information, perceived media characteristics, perceived task requirements, and attitudes toward communication media.

Question 40

Dual Capacity Model

Answer 40

A theory of communication media usage that proposes that media use will be influenced by both the data-carrying capacity of a medium and the symbol-carrying capacity of the medium.

Question 41

Convergence

Answer 41

An approach to globalization that emphasizes the need for organizations to adapt their practices to a global marketplace.

Question 42

Divergence

Answer 42

An approach to globalization that emphasizes the cultural distinctiveness found around the world.

Question 43

Multinational Organization

Answer 43

An organization that identifies with one nationality while doing business across several more many nations.

Question 44

Time and Space Compression

Answer 44

An effect of globalization which changes communication patterns and perceptions. Everything moves more quickly

Question 45

Global Consciousness and Reflexivity

Answer 45

An effect of globalization that requires awareness of both the cultures of others and our own attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

Question 46

Disembeddedness

Answer 46

An effect of globalization in which behavior and interaction are lifted out of their local context and restructured across time and space.