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Hist 242 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Who is regarded as the world’s greatest naval strategist and merchant marine strategist?

A

Alfred Thayer Mahan

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2
Q

Who became impressed by an article written by Mayhan?

A

Admiral Steven b Luce

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3
Q

When and where did Congress fund the Naval war College?

A

1884 in Newport Rhode Island

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4
Q

In what year was Mayhan assigned as one of the faculty at the Naval war College?

A

1885

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5
Q

Mayhan became president of the Naval war College in the year

A

1886

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6
Q

What two books did Mayhan publish beginning in 1890?

A

Influence of Sea power upon history, 1660–17 83. Pub, 1892

Influence of Sea power upon the French Revolution and empire1793-1812

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7
Q

What are the three requirements of a great sea power?

A

Navy, merchant Marine, and great manufacturing all working together building, transporting, and protecting.

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8
Q

What did Mayhan published in 1897?

A

The interest of America in Seapower, present and future

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9
Q

Who wrote “Moby dick”?

A

Herman Melville

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10
Q

What playwright wrote “bound east of Cardiff“?

A

Eugene O’Neill

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11
Q

Who wrote “heart of darkness”, and “the secret sharer”?

A

Joseph Conrad

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12
Q

While on a voyage from new England to the west coast in the 1840s Richard H Dana wrote

A

Two years before the mast

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13
Q

What was the first chapter from “two years before the mast” about?

A

A cook who backtalk and officer, and the captain beat him and confined him to solitary in the bottom of the ship, and he returned in sane.

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14
Q

In what year was flogging outlawed in the Navy?

A

1850

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15
Q

Congress outlawed corporal punishment on American merchant vessels in the year

A

1898

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16
Q

What were American flag ships refer to during the post-Civil War.?

A

Hell ships

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17
Q

A belaying pin, which allowed for a figure 8 while hoisting sales, was also used to

A

Beat the crew

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18
Q

A form of punishment by which a man’s wrists were iron up and hoisted up until his toes barely touched the deck was known as

A

Tricing up

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19
Q

What were some other forms of punishment?

A

Broken arms, legs, ribs, some where skinned alive with deck scrapers

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20
Q

A shipping master who demanded a crew at any cost, who’s basic idea was to keep seamen broke was known as a

A

Crimp

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21
Q

What is a “chit”?

A

Tab

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22
Q

Sailors being caught in a cycle of spending all their money while in port and then jumping back aboard ship or been shanghaied was the concept of

A

Debt peonage

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23
Q

What was the shipping commissioner act of 1872?

A

A weak attempt by the federal government to stop shanghaiing to where only sober men could sign their shipping articles

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24
Q

What did the dingley act of 1884 do?

A

Abolished the advanced wage, and prohibited allotments to anyone except a sailors wife or blood relative

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25
Q

All this bad shit that was going on to sailors eventually lead to what?

A

The birth of unions

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26
Q

What was the first long lasting union?

A

The marine fireman boiler water tender, 1883

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27
Q

What was the second union that formed?

A

Coast Seamens union, 1885

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28
Q

What union formed in 1886?

A

Offshore Bluewater west coast deck department

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29
Q

What union was created in 1891 and still going today?

A

Sailors union of the Pacific

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30
Q

National seamens union

A

Chicago, 1892

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31
Q

In 1895 the NSU changed to the

A

International seaman’s union

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32
Q

Who was the first marathon leader that took over the east and gulf coast unions?

A

Andrew Furuseth

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33
Q

Furuseth was born in

A

Ramedal norway, 1854

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34
Q

Furuseth declines his family business and set sail at the age of 19 on the

A

Bark Marie

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35
Q

Furuseth helped found what union?

A

CSU

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36
Q

Furuseth was elected

of the CSU in

A

Secretary

1887

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37
Q

The highest position at the CSU was

A

Secretary

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38
Q

How long was Furuseth career?

A

10 yrs

Only on sail ships, no steam

39
Q

What were furuseths 2 goal in dc in 1895

A

To improve legal status of all Mariners under American flag, and improve economics of merchant mariners.

40
Q

What was the Maguire act of 1895?

A

Abolished crimp allotment, abolished imprisonment for desertion on coastwise trip.

41
Q

What was the case where for sailors jumped ship while on the West Coast heading to Chile?

A

Arago case 1897

42
Q

What was Robertson versus Baldwin, 1897?

A

Second Dred Scott decision. Supreme Court ruled that from the earliest sailing period, a sailors personal liberty for the life of the contract was never intended to apply to their contract. No 13th amendment for sailors at that time.

43
Q

What ended corporal punishment on American flag ships?

A

White act of 1898

44
Q

What else did the white act accomplish?

A

Limited to one month salary and the amount of an allotment by crimps. Outlawed imprisonment for deserting on a cost wise voyage. Lessened punishment for desertion in foreign ports to one months pay.

45
Q

What senator from Wisconsin did Furuseth befriend?

A

Robert LaFollette

46
Q

What passed in 1915 that the effects of are still profound to this day?

A

LaFollette’s Seamens bill

47
Q

According to LaFollettes bill, what percentage onboard must have A/B license, and what percentage had to understand orders of officers?

A

65%

75%

48
Q

Birthing space increased

A

2/3 from 72 ft.³ to 120 ft.³

49
Q

What were some other advantages of the bill of 1915?

A

Required hospital and lavatory spaces, increase Manning scale of crew and passengers one to one, no allotments on foreign and coastal crimps. Desertion only result in a loss of money, no imprisonment.

50
Q

What was the main reason the bill of 1915 past?

A

Ship safety. Americans and Europeans were traumatized after the sinking of the Titanic in 1912

51
Q

Who was opposed to the passing of the bill of 1915?

A

The Great Lakes shipping interest

52
Q

Why was President Wilson reluctant to sign the bill of 1915?

A

Because he knew he would lose votes on the next election, but he knew was the only chance to get something done for the merchant Marine

53
Q

During the period of 1870 to 1910 national wealth was up by

A

600%

54
Q

1870 to 1910 How much was railroad mileage, iron ore, and coal production up by?

A

400%, 600%, 1000%

55
Q

1870 to 1910 American flag trade was at

A

50%

56
Q

When was Woodrow Wilson elected to presidency?

A

1912

57
Q

“Without a great merchant Marine, we cannot take our place in the world”

A

Mahan

58
Q

Where are we in World War I in 1913?

A

No, we were neutral

59
Q

Pre-1914 an A/B made

A

A dollar a day

60
Q

1914 A/B

A

30/day

61
Q

1916 A/B

A

45/day

62
Q

1918 A/B

A

75/day

63
Q

1919 A/B

A

85/day

64
Q

1921 A/B

A

72.50/day

65
Q

1922 A/B

A

55/day

66
Q

1930s A/B

A

1/day

67
Q

What year did we join World War I?

A

April 1917

68
Q

What did Wilson get Congress to pass in 1916?

A

World shipping act

69
Q

What did the world shipping act do?

A

Encourage a naval auxiliary and naval reserve. Developed an organized trading program with routes set up. Outlaw economic discrimination by foreign shipping companies

70
Q

What was the emergency fleet corporation?

A

In case of war, the government takes control of the merchant Marine

71
Q

What happened the day after we join World War I?

A

The EFC confiscated every vessel over 2500 tons

72
Q

How many tons of neutral vessels did the EFC lease?

A

Over 2 million

73
Q

How many ships did the EFC build?

A

15 million tons at 2500 tons apiece

74
Q

When did the first ships built by the EFC hit the water?

A

Summer of 1918

75
Q

How many ships did the EFC launch in September 1918 at the wars end?

A

465,000 tons

76
Q

What were the most famous of the ships built by the EFC?

A

Hogg Islanders

77
Q

What was the most famous Hogg islander?

A

S.S. city of Flint

78
Q

What occurred two hours after England declared war on Germany in World War II?

A

A German sub sinks a British passenger ship, the city of Flint gets there and saves passengers

79
Q

What is the merchant marine act of 1920?

A

The Jones act

80
Q

What did the Jones act do?

A

Returned the entire fleet including the EFC’s back to private enterprise. Provided for money for shipbuilding, sold government ships, and close the coastwise shipping to only US flag ships

81
Q

How much did it cost to build the hog Islanders, and how much did they sell for?

A

200–250 per ton, $30 a ton

82
Q

In the 20s the freight rate collapsed below

A

The 1914 freight rate

83
Q

In the 1920s what were ship owners demanding?

A

20% pay cut for the entire crew, longer work week, and no overtime

84
Q

What kind of a pay cut did the US shipping board rule to?

A

15%

85
Q

Furuseth appealed the decision to

A

Warren G Harding and got shut down

86
Q

What happened during the Maritime strike of 1921?

A

Companies hired 35,000 nonunion employees. The strike lasted 64 days and the unions gave up and excepted the shit pay and treatment

87
Q

For how long after the Maritime strike of 1921 was there no union activity?

A

15 years

88
Q

How many members did the ISU have before the strike and after the strike?

A

120,000 before, and 16,000 after

89
Q

1934 A/B

A

30/month

90
Q

1934 O/S

A

17.50/month

91
Q

What was Dr Willetts dads Knick name?

A

1-trip blacky willet

92
Q

Working around the clock was known as a

A

Field day

93
Q

1$/month plus room and board

A

Work aboard

94
Q

Wages, benefits, hours, and working conditions all negotiated through collective bargaining is known as

A

Bread and butter unionism

Hist 242 (4 decks)

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