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Hist 242 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Livingston and Fulton do after the Clermont?

A

Started making technical mistakes with regards to how they built ships.

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2
Q

Did Livingston and Fulton get a monopoly on the Mississippi river?

A

Negative

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3
Q

Describe characteristics of the Mississippi

A

So big you can’t even see both sides, harsh currents, snags.

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4
Q

Who was sent to Pittsburgh Ohio to contract the production of an eastern style steamboat, and what was the Vessel’s name?

A

Nicholas Roosevelt; the New Orleans

1809

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5
Q

What was the construction of the New Orleans similar to?

A

Clermont

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6
Q

What was the objective of the New Orleans?

A

To go down the Ohio River to the Mississippi, and into New Orleans

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7
Q

After making the trip down to New Orleans, what happened to the New Orleans?

A

Heads up the Mississippi River and makes it to Natches and cannot go any farther because of too much current.

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8
Q

What were some reasons the New Orleans could not head up stream on the Mississippi

A

The V shaped hull was susceptible to snags, and the Watts Steamengine didn’t have enough horsepower – low pressure boiler

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9
Q

Who argued that Livingston and Fultons monopoly on the Hudson was illegal and unconstitutional?

A

John Stevens

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10
Q

What was the trial regarding Livingston and fultons monopoly?

A

Gibbons vs Ogden, 1824

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11
Q

What was the outcome of gibbons vs Ogden?

A

The Supreme Court ruled that all commerce on all rivers in the United States is controlled by the federal government, not the state government. Two types of cargo interstate commerce and intrastate commerce. No monopoly on river systems

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12
Q

Intrastate commerce is regulated by who?

A

State government

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13
Q

Who regulates interstate commerce?

A

Federal government

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14
Q

What were the short-term results of Gibbons versus Ogden?

A

Now the federal government is much stronger because of brown water regulation

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15
Q

What happened to Brownwater commerce by the early and mid-1820s?

A

Passes blue water commerce in value

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16
Q

The larger the river:

A

More rapid currents more extreme currents, snags, sandbars

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17
Q

Who was responsible for making brown water a success?

A

Henry Shreve

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18
Q

What was Shreves first accomplishment?

A

The enterprise, 1814

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19
Q

Describe the enterprise

A

Locomotion Is shifted to a stern wheeler, but maintain an Eastern v style hull

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20
Q

Describe the enterprises first voyage

A

Left Pittsburgh on 1814 to New Orleans with a load of ammo, and arrived right before the battle of New Orleans.Deemed a hero by the citizens of New Orleans and Andrew Jackson

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21
Q

What happened to Shreve in May of 1815?

A

Heads up the river and arrested by Edmund Livingston (Robert Livingston’s relative) he charged with violating the Livingston/Fulton monopoly.

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22
Q

After being arrested in May 1815, what was next for Shreve?

A

The locals post bail and he takes off. It was a rough trip, he made it to St. Louis and realized the hull was fucked, and it needs a new design

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23
Q

What was Shreves second vessel?

A

The Washington, 1816. 400 tons, high-pressure steam engine. Goes back to side wheelers, flat bottomed, superstructures is 2 decks. The idea is for passenger cargo.

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24
Q

Describe the events of the Washington’s first voyage.

A

Heads out June 1816, explodes and killed nine people. They patch the boiler and make it to New Orleans October 1816. Edmond Livingston is there and arrests Shreve again, Shreve gets bill again and hauls ass.

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25
Q

In 1819 was sued by the Livingston Fulton enterprise. What was the verdict?

A

Shreve is found not guilty in a New Orleans Court. The jury rules by throwing the case out by saying none of these three men or Louisiana citizens.

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26
Q

What was the third vessel Shreve built?

A

The George Washington, 1825. First twin engine, each sidewheel has its own boiler and engine making awesome maneuverability. Perfectly flat bottomed, in the superstructure is three decks. The third deck has luxurious passenger accommodations. The George Washington sets the standard for steamboat.

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27
Q

What does Shreve invent in 1829?

A

I snag boat called the Heliopolis.

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28
Q

What is a snag also called

A

Sawyers

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29
Q

What does a snag boat do?

A

As a V cut bow for catching snags and removing from the water

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30
Q

What was the great raft of 1832?

A

The river is just riddled with old floating tree trunks, 160 to 200 miles of solid Logs, Shreve completed it in 1839

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31
Q

How much cargo in 1816?

A

94,600 tons

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32
Q

How much cargo in 1826?

A

193,300 tons

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33
Q

Cargo in 1836?

A

437,000 tons

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34
Q

Cargo in 1846

A

971,000 tons

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35
Q

1860 cargo?

A

Over 2,000,000 tons

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36
Q

What is Henry Shreve known as?

A

The godfather of brown water shipping

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37
Q

What is the time period between 1815 in 1816 referred to as

A

Golden age of the US merchant Marine

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38
Q

American born in Salem Massachusetts, very poor, autodidact

A

Nathaniel Bowditch

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39
Q

Bowditch taught himself

A

Algebra calculus Latin and French

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40
Q

Why did Bowditch learn other languages?

A

Because he loves math and all math books were written in Latin

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41
Q

Was Bowditch an exceptional seamen?

A

No

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42
Q

How many actual voyages did Bowditch go on?

A

5

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43
Q

What did Bowditch perfect while At sea that have never been done before?

A

Lunar sightings to determine longitude without a chronometer

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44
Q

What book did Bowditch re-right?

A

The practical navigator, John Hamilton Moore. Found 8000 errors while reading it. Rewritten as the American practical navigator. 1802

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45
Q

In what years was Bowditch alive and what title was he given?

A

17 73–18 38; father of celestial navigation

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46
Q

As long as ships sail,

A

the name doctor Bowditch will be revered

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47
Q

Who was nicknamed the Pathfinder of the seas?

A

Matthew Fontaine Maury, 1806 to 1873

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48
Q

Describe Maurys naval career

A

Joined in 1825 as a deck officer. And 1833 wasn’t bad seeds fell off a ladder broke his leg. Made superintendent of the US naval observatory in Washington DC, made head of the department of charts and corrections.

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49
Q

What was Maury doing while working in the observatory?

A

Looking at patterns of ships logs and gathering data for helping ships navigate.

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50
Q

What are the three books Maury published?

A

When’s and currents of the north Atlantic, 1847; physical geography of the sea, first edition 1855; the whale chart, 1851

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51
Q

Maury was the founder of

and father of

A

Science of oceanography; world meteorology

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52
Q

What are the two ways to move cargo?

A

Transient or (tramp); regular trader

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53
Q

How long was an average tramp voyage

A

2 to 3 years

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54
Q

What were the main ports of a regular trader

A

New York to Liverpool, New York to London, New York to Louisiana

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55
Q

What did Americans invented in 1818

A

Packet line referred to as mail line

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56
Q

What were packet lines looking for?

A

Fast turnaround not full cargo

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57
Q

What was the first packet line in America

A

Blackball line 1818

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58
Q

Why was there four blackball line ships

A

One in New York leaving, one in Liverpool, other two on the way.

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59
Q

What did the blackball line ships carry

A

Fine cargo, wool and cotton cloth, passengers, mail contracts

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60
Q

What are steerage passengers

A

Poor immigrants

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61
Q

What was the second packet line

A

Red star Line 1822

62
Q

Third packet line

A

Blue swallow tail line 1823

63
Q

Mail hay day

A

1818-1838

64
Q

Because the packet lines are all about going fast

A

It made for terrible working conditions

65
Q

Liverpool rat

A

Ex British naval men

66
Q

Bucko mate

A

Skilled mates who brutalized crews

67
Q

1st American steam powered trans Atlantic

A

Ss savannah

68
Q

Describe the Savannah’s first voyage

A

Left Savannah Georgia May 18 19, 29 days to cross the Atlantic, only uses the engine for 80 hours out of the 29 days.

69
Q

What happened to the Savannah and 1821

A

Sank mysteriously

70
Q

Who made the first crossing of the Atlantic under steam power

A

And the BRITs, the SS Sirius, 1838

71
Q

What other British ship cross the Atlantic under steam power

A

The great western, arrived in New York City 12 hours after the Sirius

72
Q

What happened in 1840

A

British ship Owner Samuel canard created (BANARMSPC)

73
Q

BANARMSPC

A

British North American and Royal Mail steam packet company

74
Q

USMSSC

A

United States mail steam ship company

75
Q

Edward Collins

A

Collins line

Subsidy from congress to build 4 steam powered trans Atlantic packet ships

76
Q

What were the names of the four ships collins built

A

Atlantic arctic Baltic pacific

77
Q

Describe the ships built by Collins

A

Largest construction ever. 2800 tons, side lever engines amidships. Slow speed, to cut weight hulls were constructed out of wood. Very fancy, complete failures

78
Q

Why were the Collins line failures, and how many sunk

A

They were too expensive to run and required a lot of maintenance. Two out of the four

79
Q

How was the Arctic sunk?

A

T-boned by a small french iron hulled fishing vessel off the coast of Newfoundland

80
Q

Why was the sinking of the arctic such as big of a deal as the titanic?

A

No compartmentalization, open hull design, almost all die including the captain, not enough lifeboats

81
Q

Describe the sinking of the Pacific

A

On voyage from the north coast of Ireland to London and just disappeared. Still to this day no one knows. No bodies or wreckage ever discovered.

82
Q

What natural resources were we marketing in the Pacific Ocean

A

Seal pelts and otter Pelts

83
Q

Mas a fuera

A

Over there

84
Q

Where did we harvest seal pelts?

A 
Falkland island 
S Georgia island 
Staten Island 
Patagonian coast 
Easter island 
Pitcairn island
85
Q

How many seal pelts per trip

A

50000

86
Q

Seal profitable till

A

1805

87
Q

Mas a fuera renamed

A

Alejandro Selkirk

88
Q

At Pitcairn island we also found

A

Survivors from the mutiny on the bounty

89
Q

In 1787 the Columbia and the lady Washington discover

A

Pungent sound and millions of otters

90
Q

Who commanded the Columbia and lady Washington?

A

Captain Robert gray

91
Q

Special about Columbia and lady Washington?

A

1st merchant ships to circumnavigate the globe

92
Q

Hawaii aka

A

Sandwich island

93
Q

Market from Hawaii

A

Sandel wood oil

94
Q

What did John Jacob Astor do?

A

1811 establishes Astoria and set up pacific fur company

95
Q

What happened to Astoria in 1814

A

Brit warships buy it and rename fort George

96
Q

What was spermacetti used for

A

Perfumes

97
Q

What was whale bone and rib cartilage used for

A

Umbrellas and corsets

98
Q

Whaling vessels went from

A

Coast of Peru, Hawaii, Japan, gulf of Alaska, Kamchatka, Bering strait

99
Q

Who hunts whales today?

A

Iceland and Japan

100
Q

Confederate raiders sunk

A

60% of union whaling ships

101
Q

California connection

A

1846-47

102
Q

Who captured California

A

John Sloan and Robert Stockton

103
Q

Gold rush started

A

1848 sutters mill

104
Q

How many ships first arrived in San Francisco

A

775

105
Q

How many vessels were abandoned in frisco harbor

A

Over 300

106
Q

What ship was like the Baltimore clippers

A

Griffiths rainbow

107
Q

Who was the most famous builder of clippers

A

David McKay

108
Q

Greatest sailing ship ever built

A

McKay’s great republic

4555 tons largest wooden clipper

109
Q

Sailing era died in

A

1857

110
Q

By the eve of our civil war our merchant marine is

A

The best

111
Q

Why does our merchant marine come down

A

Got lazy, no innovation

112
Q

1855 foreign trade

A

72%

113
Q

1860 foreign trade

A

66%

114
Q

End of war 1865 foreign trade

A

42%

115
Q

Easiest explanation for our merchant downfall

A

Blame confederate raiders and navy

116
Q

How many did raiders sink

A

239

117
Q

Northern shipyards were

A

Building warships not merchant ships

118
Q

1st steam iron clad warship

A

Monitor

119
Q

1st argument for expanding merchant marine

A

Fed govt tax structure to favor shipyard and owners. Rebates for imported steel (curved hulls from England)

120
Q

Second argument for expanding m marine

A

Allow America merchant to admit foreign built vessels to American registry

121
Q

Third argument for m marine expansion

A

Fed govt to subsidize m marine

Dock rates harbor rates and increase mail contracts

122
Q

Two areas we were #1 in post civil war

A

1-transportation of guano

123
Q

Guano from

A

Chincha islands 1866-1879

124
Q

Guano used for

A

Fertilizer and nitrates for gunpowder

125
Q

Guano ends with

A

War of pacific

Chile vs Peru and Bolivia

126
Q

Colliers

A

Ships that transport coal

127
Q

What exposes our shit shit merchant marine?

A

Spanish American war 1898

128
Q

Us pacific fleet commanded by

A

Gen George Dewey

129
Q

How did we win the Spanish American war

A

Because they were more fucked up than we were

130
Q

Who was president gibbons vs Ogden 1824

A

James monroe

131
Q

President 1809-1817

A

James Madison

132
Q

President 1817-1825

A

James Monroe

133
Q

President 1825-1829

A

John Quincy Adams

134
Q

President 1829-1837

A

Andrew Jackson

135
Q

President 1837-1841

A

Martin van buren

136
Q

President 1841-1841

A

William Henry Harrison

137
Q

President 1841-1845

A

John Tyler

138
Q

President 1849-1850

A

Zachary Taylor

139
Q

President 1850-1853

A

Millard Fillmore

140
Q

President 1853-1857

A

Franklin pierce

141
Q

President 1857-61

A

James Buchanan

142
Q

President 1861-65

A

Lincoln

143
Q

President 1865-69

A

Andrew Johnson

144
Q

President 1869-77

A

Grant

145
Q

President 1877-81

A

Hayes

146
Q

President 1881-81

A

James Garfield

147
Q

President 1881-85

A

Chester Arthur

148
Q

President 1885-89

A

Grover Cleveland

149
Q

President 1889-93

A

Benjamin Harrison

150
Q

President 1893-97

A

Grover Cleveland

151
Q

President 1897-1901

A

William McKinley

Hist 242 (4 decks)

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