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Hist 242 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Livingston and Fulton do after the Clermont?

A

Started making technical mistakes with regards to how they built ships.

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2
Q

Did Livingston and Fulton get a monopoly on the Mississippi river?

A

Negative

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3
Q

Describe characteristics of the Mississippi

A

So big you can’t even see both sides, harsh currents, snags.

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4
Q

Who was sent to Pittsburgh Ohio to contract the production of an eastern style steamboat, and what was the Vessel’s name?

A

Nicholas Roosevelt; the New Orleans

1809

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5
Q

What was the construction of the New Orleans similar to?

A

Clermont

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6
Q

What was the objective of the New Orleans?

A

To go down the Ohio River to the Mississippi, and into New Orleans

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7
Q

After making the trip down to New Orleans, what happened to the New Orleans?

A

Heads up the Mississippi River and makes it to Natches and cannot go any farther because of too much current.

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8
Q

What were some reasons the New Orleans could not head up stream on the Mississippi

A

The V shaped hull was susceptible to snags, and the Watts Steamengine didn’t have enough horsepower – low pressure boiler

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9
Q

Who argued that Livingston and Fultons monopoly on the Hudson was illegal and unconstitutional?

A

John Stevens

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10
Q

What was the trial regarding Livingston and fultons monopoly?

A

Gibbons vs Ogden, 1824

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11
Q

What was the outcome of gibbons vs Ogden?

A

The Supreme Court ruled that all commerce on all rivers in the United States is controlled by the federal government, not the state government. Two types of cargo interstate commerce and intrastate commerce. No monopoly on river systems

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12
Q

Intrastate commerce is regulated by who?

A

State government

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13
Q

Who regulates interstate commerce?

A

Federal government

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14
Q

What were the short-term results of Gibbons versus Ogden?

A

Now the federal government is much stronger because of brown water regulation

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15
Q

What happened to Brownwater commerce by the early and mid-1820s?

A

Passes blue water commerce in value

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16
Q

The larger the river:

A

More rapid currents more extreme currents, snags, sandbars

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17
Q

Who was responsible for making brown water a success?

A

Henry Shreve

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18
Q

What was Shreves first accomplishment?

A

The enterprise, 1814

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19
Q

Describe the enterprise

A

Locomotion Is shifted to a stern wheeler, but maintain an Eastern v style hull

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20
Q

Describe the enterprises first voyage

A

Left Pittsburgh on 1814 to New Orleans with a load of ammo, and arrived right before the battle of New Orleans.Deemed a hero by the citizens of New Orleans and Andrew Jackson

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21
Q

What happened to Shreve in May of 1815?

A

Heads up the river and arrested by Edmund Livingston (Robert Livingston’s relative) he charged with violating the Livingston/Fulton monopoly.

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22
Q

After being arrested in May 1815, what was next for Shreve?

A

The locals post bail and he takes off. It was a rough trip, he made it to St. Louis and realized the hull was fucked, and it needs a new design

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23
Q

What was Shreves second vessel?

A

The Washington, 1816. 400 tons, high-pressure steam engine. Goes back to side wheelers, flat bottomed, superstructures is 2 decks. The idea is for passenger cargo.

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24
Q

Describe the events of the Washington’s first voyage.

A

Heads out June 1816, explodes and killed nine people. They patch the boiler and make it to New Orleans October 1816. Edmond Livingston is there and arrests Shreve again, Shreve gets bill again and hauls ass.

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25
In 1819 was sued by the Livingston Fulton enterprise. What was the verdict?
Shreve is found not guilty in a New Orleans Court. The jury rules by throwing the case out by saying none of these three men or Louisiana citizens.
26
What was the third vessel Shreve built?
The George Washington, 1825. First twin engine, each sidewheel has its own boiler and engine making awesome maneuverability. Perfectly flat bottomed, in the superstructure is three decks. The third deck has luxurious passenger accommodations. The George Washington sets the standard for steamboat.
27
What does Shreve invent in 1829?
I snag boat called the Heliopolis.
28
What is a snag also called
Sawyers
29
What does a snag boat do?
As a V cut bow for catching snags and removing from the water
30
What was the great raft of 1832?
The river is just riddled with old floating tree trunks, 160 to 200 miles of solid Logs, Shreve completed it in 1839
31
How much cargo in 1816?
94,600 tons
32
How much cargo in 1826?
193,300 tons
33
Cargo in 1836?
437,000 tons
34
Cargo in 1846
971,000 tons
35
1860 cargo?
Over 2,000,000 tons
36
What is Henry Shreve known as?
The godfather of brown water shipping
37
What is the time period between 1815 in 1816 referred to as
Golden age of the US merchant Marine
38
American born in Salem Massachusetts, very poor, autodidact
Nathaniel Bowditch
39
Bowditch taught himself
Algebra calculus Latin and French
40
Why did Bowditch learn other languages?
Because he loves math and all math books were written in Latin
41
Was Bowditch an exceptional seamen?
No
42
How many actual voyages did Bowditch go on?
5
43
What did Bowditch perfect while At sea that have never been done before?
Lunar sightings to determine longitude without a chronometer
44
What book did Bowditch re-right?
The practical navigator, John Hamilton Moore. Found 8000 errors while reading it. Rewritten as the American practical navigator. 1802
45
In what years was Bowditch alive and what title was he given?
17 73–18 38; father of celestial navigation
46
As long as ships sail,
the name doctor Bowditch will be revered
47
Who was nicknamed the Pathfinder of the seas?
Matthew Fontaine Maury, 1806 to 1873
48
Describe Maurys naval career
Joined in 1825 as a deck officer. And 1833 wasn’t bad seeds fell off a ladder broke his leg. Made superintendent of the US naval observatory in Washington DC, made head of the department of charts and corrections.
49
What was Maury doing while working in the observatory?
Looking at patterns of ships logs and gathering data for helping ships navigate.
50
What are the three books Maury published?
When’s and currents of the north Atlantic, 1847; physical geography of the sea, first edition 1855; the whale chart, 1851
51
Maury was the founder of | and father of
Science of oceanography; world meteorology
52
What are the two ways to move cargo?
Transient or (tramp); regular trader
53
How long was an average tramp voyage
2 to 3 years
54
What were the main ports of a regular trader
New York to Liverpool, New York to London, New York to Louisiana
55
What did Americans invented in 1818
Packet line referred to as mail line
56
What were packet lines looking for?
Fast turnaround not full cargo
57
What was the first packet line in America
Blackball line 1818
58
Why was there four blackball line ships
One in New York leaving, one in Liverpool, other two on the way.
59
What did the blackball line ships carry
Fine cargo, wool and cotton cloth, passengers, mail contracts
60
What are steerage passengers
Poor immigrants
61
What was the second packet line
Red star Line 1822
62
Third packet line
Blue swallow tail line 1823
63
Mail hay day
1818-1838
64
Because the packet lines are all about going fast
It made for terrible working conditions
65
Liverpool rat
Ex British naval men
66
Bucko mate
Skilled mates who brutalized crews
67
1st American steam powered trans Atlantic
Ss savannah
68
Describe the Savannah’s first voyage
Left Savannah Georgia May 18 19, 29 days to cross the Atlantic, only uses the engine for 80 hours out of the 29 days.
69
What happened to the Savannah and 1821
Sank mysteriously
70
Who made the first crossing of the Atlantic under steam power
And the BRITs, the SS Sirius, 1838
71
What other British ship cross the Atlantic under steam power
The great western, arrived in New York City 12 hours after the Sirius
72
What happened in 1840
British ship Owner Samuel canard created (BANARMSPC)
73
BANARMSPC
British North American and Royal Mail steam packet company
74
USMSSC
United States mail steam ship company
75
Edward Collins
Collins line | Subsidy from congress to build 4 steam powered trans Atlantic packet ships
76
What were the names of the four ships collins built
Atlantic arctic Baltic pacific
77
Describe the ships built by Collins
Largest construction ever. 2800 tons, side lever engines amidships. Slow speed, to cut weight hulls were constructed out of wood. Very fancy, complete failures
78
Why were the Collins line failures, and how many sunk
They were too expensive to run and required a lot of maintenance. Two out of the four
79
How was the Arctic sunk?
T-boned by a small french iron hulled fishing vessel off the coast of Newfoundland
80
Why was the sinking of the arctic such as big of a deal as the titanic?
No compartmentalization, open hull design, almost all die including the captain, not enough lifeboats
81
Describe the sinking of the Pacific
On voyage from the north coast of Ireland to London and just disappeared. Still to this day no one knows. No bodies or wreckage ever discovered.
82
What natural resources were we marketing in the Pacific Ocean
Seal pelts and otter Pelts
83
Mas a fuera
Over there
84
Where did we harvest seal pelts?
``` Falkland island S Georgia island Staten Island Patagonian coast Easter island Pitcairn island ```
85
How many seal pelts per trip
50000
86
Seal profitable till
1805
87
Mas a fuera renamed
Alejandro Selkirk
88
At Pitcairn island we also found
Survivors from the mutiny on the bounty
89
In 1787 the Columbia and the lady Washington discover
Pungent sound and millions of otters
90
Who commanded the Columbia and lady Washington?
Captain Robert gray
91
Special about Columbia and lady Washington?
1st merchant ships to circumnavigate the globe
92
Hawaii aka
Sandwich island
93
Market from Hawaii
Sandel wood oil
94
What did John Jacob Astor do?
1811 establishes Astoria and set up pacific fur company
95
What happened to Astoria in 1814
Brit warships buy it and rename fort George
96
What was spermacetti used for
Perfumes
97
What was whale bone and rib cartilage used for
Umbrellas and corsets
98
Whaling vessels went from
Coast of Peru, Hawaii, Japan, gulf of Alaska, Kamchatka, Bering strait
99
Who hunts whales today?
Iceland and Japan
100
Confederate raiders sunk
60% of union whaling ships
101
California connection
1846-47
102
Who captured California
John Sloan and Robert Stockton
103
Gold rush started
1848 sutters mill
104
How many ships first arrived in San Francisco
775
105
How many vessels were abandoned in frisco harbor
Over 300
106
What ship was like the Baltimore clippers
Griffiths rainbow
107
Who was the most famous builder of clippers
David McKay
108
Greatest sailing ship ever built
McKay’s great republic | 4555 tons largest wooden clipper
109
Sailing era died in
1857
110
By the eve of our civil war our merchant marine is
The best
111
Why does our merchant marine come down
Got lazy, no innovation
112
1855 foreign trade
72%
113
1860 foreign trade
66%
114
End of war 1865 foreign trade
42%
115
Easiest explanation for our merchant downfall
Blame confederate raiders and navy
116
How many did raiders sink
239
117
Northern shipyards were
Building warships not merchant ships
118
1st steam iron clad warship
Monitor
119
1st argument for expanding merchant marine
Fed govt tax structure to favor shipyard and owners. Rebates for imported steel (curved hulls from England)
120
Second argument for expanding m marine
Allow America merchant to admit foreign built vessels to American registry
121
Third argument for m marine expansion
Fed govt to subsidize m marine | Dock rates harbor rates and increase mail contracts
122
Two areas we were #1 in post civil war
1-transportation of guano
123
Guano from
Chincha islands 1866-1879
124
Guano used for
Fertilizer and nitrates for gunpowder
125
Guano ends with
War of pacific | Chile vs Peru and Bolivia
126
Colliers
Ships that transport coal
127
What exposes our shit shit merchant marine?
Spanish American war 1898
128
Us pacific fleet commanded by
Gen George Dewey
129
How did we win the Spanish American war
Because they were more fucked up than we were
130
Who was president gibbons vs Ogden 1824
James monroe
131
President 1809-1817
James Madison
132
President 1817-1825
James Monroe
133
President 1825-1829
John Quincy Adams
134
President 1829-1837
Andrew Jackson
135
President 1837-1841
Martin van buren
136
President 1841-1841
William Henry Harrison
137
President 1841-1845
John Tyler
138
President 1849-1850
Zachary Taylor
139
President 1850-1853
Millard Fillmore
140
President 1853-1857
Franklin pierce
141
President 1857-61
James Buchanan
142
President 1861-65
Lincoln
143
President 1865-69
Andrew Johnson
144
President 1869-77
Grant
145
President 1877-81
Hayes
146
President 1881-81
James Garfield
147
President 1881-85
Chester Arthur
148
President 1885-89
Grover Cleveland
149
President 1889-93
Benjamin Harrison
150
President 1893-97
Grover Cleveland
151
President 1897-1901
William McKinley

Hist 242 (4 decks)

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