Final Flashcards
What are the indications of ECT?
Severe or treatment resistant MDD or bipolar disorder
What is the efficacy (%) for ECT?
80%
What is the procedure for ECT?
Electrical current passes thru the brain, causing a seizure
What is used prior to ECT treatment?
General anesthesia and a muscle relaxant
What are the SE of ECT?
Confusion
Possible memory deficits
What are the relative contraindications for ECT?
H/p treatment resistance, need for rapid treatment response, and severity of illness
What are the NTI medications?
Li
CBZ
Which medications increase suicidality?
Mood stabilizers except Li
What is the MOA of Li?
Alter cation transport
Neurotransmitter reuptake
Effects of send messenger systems
Which drugs have an MOA of VSSCa?
VPA
CBZ
OxCBZ
Lamictal
What is topiramates MOA?
Interferes with both Ca and Ca channels
What is pregabalin/gabapentin’s MOA?
Alpha-2-delta ligands
What is keppra’s MOA?
Inhibition of N-type Ca channels
What are the WD sx of benzos?
Anxiety Agitation Insomnia Restlessness Muscle tension Irritability
What are the WD sx of TCAs?
Cholinergic rebound
What are the WD sx of SSRIs?
Fatigue, lethargy, flu-like sx, dizziness, n/d, HA
What are the WD sx of paxil?
Cholinergic rebound
What are the WD sx of duloxetine?
Severe WD reported
What are FGA MOAs?
Block D2 receptors
What are SGA MOA?
Blocks D2 receptors
Selective modifying effects of 5HT2A antagonism
What is the first line treatment of MDD?
SSRI
SNRI
Mirtazapine
Bupropion
What is the first line treatment of bipolar mania?
Li
BPA
SGAs
Consider 2 drug combo if severe
What is the first line treatment of bipolar depression?
Li
Lamictal
Quetiapine
VPA
What is the first line treatment of mixed bipolar depression?
CBZ
VPA
Olanz
What is the first line treatment of GAD?
SSRI
SNRI
What is the first line treatment of panic disorder?
SSRI
SNRI
CBT
What is the first line treatment of OCD?
CBT AND SSRIs
What is the first line treatment of PTSD?
SSRI (relieves core PTSD sx)
What is the first line treatment of psych emergencies?
APX for acute agitation
Haldol used most often
SGAs
What is the first line treatment of schizophrenia?
SGA
DA
What is the first line treatment of ASD?
Non-pharm
What is the first line treatment of personality disorders?
Psychotherapy
How do we adjust MDD therapy for partial response
Ensure optimized dose
Can switch or augment (Li gold standard for augmentation)
What medications can worsen/cause depression
Clonidine OCS Steroids AEDs APX Varenicline Benzo EtOH Opioids
What are the augmentation strategies for MDD?
Li gold stand.
Augmentation is best when there is a response seen
What is the DOT for MDD?
At least 12 months with 1st episode
12-36 months for patients w/ recurrent and/or severe MDD
Potentially indefinite
What are the screening tools for bipolar?
MDQ - Bipolar disorder
PHQ9 - Depression
What is the DSM-5 criteria for MDD?
5+ sx during the same 2 week period (must have at least decreased interest/low mood)
SIG E CAPSL
What does SIG E CAPSL stand for?
Sleep Interest Guilt Energy Concentration Appetite Psychomotor Suicidal thoughts Low mood
What is the DSM-5 criteria for Persistent depressive disorder?
Depression sx not meeting full MDD for at least 2 years
What is the DSM-5 criteria for hypomania?
3+ GIDDINES sx
4+ days
What does GIDDINES stand for?
Grandiose; increased self esteem Increased activity Decreased judgement Distractibility; flight of ideas Irritability Need less sleep Elevated mood Speedy talking or thoughts
What is the DSM-5 criteria for mania?
3+ GIDDINES sx
1+ week
What is the DSM-5 criteria for cyclothymic disorder?
At least 2 years w/hypomanic and depressive sx
More than 2 months at a time; present > 1/2 the time
What is the DSM-5 criteria for mixed bipolar disorder?
Patient with both mania and depression simultaneously
What is the DSM-5 criteria for GAD?
More days than not for at least 6 months
Difficult to control the worry
3+ sx: arousal, fatigue, trouble, concentrating, irritable, tension, insomnia
What is the DSM-5 criteria for social anxiety disorder?
A marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations
Fear of humiliation/embarrassment
Lasts 6+ months
What is the DSM-5 criteria for panic disorder?
Panic attack sx for > 1 month or >1 sx:
Persistent concern
Worry about consequences
Behavioral change
What is the DSM-5 criteria for OCD-PD?
Recurrent and persistent thoughts with attempts to ignore or suppress, followed by repetitive behaviors aimed at preventing or reducing stress
Obsessions/compulsions are time consuming (take more than 1 hour a day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment
What is the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD?
Event is experienced, patient re-experiences the event as memories, dreams or flashbacks, which causes anxiety like sx
Pt uses avoidance of external reminders
Leads to negative alterations in mood and cognition
Pt will go on to have persistent sx of arousal and hyperactivity (outbursts, hypervigilance, startle response, insomnia)
Duration = lasts longer than 1 month, and causes clinically significant distress/impairment
What is the DSM-5 criteria for sleep disorders?
1+ complaints of:
Difficulty initiating sleep
Maintaining sleep
Awakenings with inability to return to sleep
What is the DSM-5 criteria for SUD?
2+ sx w/in a 12month period
Large amounts of substance over a longer period than intended
Desire/unsuccessful efforts to cut down/control use
Time spent in activities necessary to obtain, use and/or recover from its effects
Cravings
Repeated failures to fulfill major obligations at work, school or home
Continued use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems
Tolerance
WD
What is the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia?
2+ for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period: one of the sx must be 1-3 Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Grossly disorganized catatonic behavior Negative sx 6+ months with at least 1 month of active phase sx Significantly impaired functioning
What is the DSM-5 criteria for ASD?
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction (social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors, relationship)
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (repetitive movements, adherence to routines, restricted fixated interests, response to sensory input)
Must impair function
Present in the early developmental period
Sx may be masked by learned strategies
What is the DSM-5 criteria for personality disorder?
Enduring pattern, deviates markedly from cultural expectations
s+ sx: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
Inflexible and pervasive, stable, long duration - presented in adolescence or early adulthood
What is borderline PD?
Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects and marked impulsivity
What is narcissistic PD?
Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
What is OCD-PD
Pre-occupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control
What are the 1st line options for acute bipolar mania?
Li
VPA
SGA
Consider 2 drug combo if severe
What drugs are recommended for bipolar disorder with comorbid anxiety?
Gabapentin or quetiapine
What is used for PTSD augmentation?
Prazosin (nightmares and flashbacks)
What is the 1st line treatment for PTSD?
SSRIs (treat core sx)
For what disorders are SSRIs 1st line treatment?
GAD
Panic
PTSD
OCD
What is SSRI place in anxiety disorders?
Generally first line
Start lower doses
What is the role of APX in treatment of anxiety?
3rd line
Quetiapine is most studied
What are common SSRI SE?
Insomnia
Wt gain
Jitteriness/anxiety
GI sx