Final Flashcards
Psychological Analysis
Attitudes
Beliefs
Values
Cognitive Dissonance
The psychological discomfort felt when a person is presented with two competing ideas or pieces of evidence
5 Categories of Audience Analysis
Situational Analysis Demographic Analysis Psychological Analysis Multicultural Analysis Interest and Knowledge Analysis
What Aristotle considered a bond between the speaker and audience
Finding common ground
Survey Options
Basic Questionnaire
Ordered Categories
Likert-type Questions
Attitude
a learned disposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a person, an object, an idea, or an event
Belief
Principles, more durable than attitudes because they are hinged to ideals and not issues
Values
A guiding belief that regulates our attitudes
Critical Thinking
Active thinking in which we evaluate and analyze information in order to determine the best course of action
Traits of Critical Thinkers
Open-Mindedness Analytic Nature Systematic by Method Inquisitive Judicious Truth-Seeking Ethos Confident in Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Where the truth of the premises of the argument guarantee the truth of its conclusion
Inductive Reasoning
truth of its propositions lend support to the conclusion
Syllogisms
The conclusion is inferred from the premise.
Major Premise
Minor Premise
Conclusion
“All oranges are citrus fruits
Lacy is eating an orange.
Therefore, Lacy is eating a citrus fruit.”
Formal Fallacy
Error in structure of argument
Bad reasons Fallacy: occurs when we assume the conclusion of an argument is bad because a part of the argument is bad
Fallacy of Quantitative Logic: occurs when we misuse quantifying words such as “all” or “some”
Informal Fallacy
Error in reasoning
Black and White Fallacy: a fallacy that occurs when the audience is only given two choices
Slippery Slope Fallacy: a fallacy that occurs when we assume one action will initiate a chain of events that culminate in an undesirable event
Credible Sources
Peer Reviewed
Not for Profit
Within 10 years
Periodicals
Periodicals have more recent info than books
Journal of the American Medical Association, Harvard Law Review, Quarterly Journal of Speech
The Library provides…
Books
Periodicals
Online Database
Ethics and Expectations of an Interview
Arrange a time and place that works for them with email or phone call
Be flexible, write down questions before,
Ask permission to record
Follow up and say “thank you”
APA
Contributor’s Names (last edited date). Title of Resource. Web Address.
Interlibrary Loan
1) Library.pepperdine.edu
2) MyLibrary tab ->interlibrary loan
3) Log in to wavenet and fill out info to request book
Constructing clear and Vivid Language
Use simple, concrete, and precise language
Spotlighting
Language like “male nurse” that suggests a person is deviating from the normal person who would do a particular job and implies that someone’s sex is relevant to a particular job
Language Pitfalls
Profanity Exaggeration Powerless Language Incorrect Grammar Clilches Language that is central to popular culture
PowerPoint
Slide layout Backgrounds and effects Colors Fonts Text Images Graphs and charts
Slideware
Powerpoint, Keynote, Google Slides, Prezi, Open Office Impress
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Attention Step: Thesis, attention-getter, goals, credibility statement, stance of policy, and preview of speech
Need Step: Outline all the current problems
Satisfaction: Discuss the policy in depth and outline your solutions
Visualization: Help the audience see what will happen if this isn’t helped
Action Appeal: Invite the audience to help. Call to action
Ethos
Credibility
Logos
Logical means to proving an argument
Pathos
Emotional appeals
Fallacies
Bandwagon Fallacy
Appeal to Flattery
Appeal to Misplaced Authority
Either-or
Four Argumentative Designs
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Direct Method Pattern
Casual Pattern
Refutation Pattern
Martin Luther King Jr.’s Speech
Allusion: “Fivescore years ago” Negro Spiritual, Metaphor: cashing a check, Parallelism: “we can never be satisfied”, “I have a dream”, “let freedom ring”
5 methods of delivery
Eye Contact Posture Vocal Delivery Gestures Facial Expressions
