Chapter 8

Question 1

Chronological Speech

Answer 1

a speech in which the main points are delivered according to when they happened and could be traced on a calendar or clock

Question 2

Comparative Speech

Answer 2

a speech in which two or more objects, ideas, beliefs, events, places, or things are compared or contrasted with one another

Question 3

Casual Speech

Answer 3

a speech that informs audience members about causes and effects that have already happened

Question 4

General Purpose Statement

Answer 4

the overarching goal of a speech; for instance, to inform, to persuade, to inspire, to celebrate, to mourn, or to entertain

Question 5

Internal Previews

Answer 5

Short descriptions of what a speaker will do and say during a speech; may be at the beginning and within the body of a speech

Question 6

Main Points

Answer 6

The key pieces of information or arguments contained within a talk or presentation

Question 7

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Answer 7

An organization style that is designed to motivate the audience to take a particular action and is characterized by a five-step sequence: 1) attention, 2) need, 3) satisfaction, 4) visualization, and 5) action appeal

Question 8

Organizational Styles

Answer 8

Templates for organizing the main points of a speech that are rooted in traditions of public discourse and can jumpstart the speechwriting process

Question 9

Outline

Answer 9

hierarchal textual arrangement of all the various elements of a speech

Question 10

Parallel Structure

Answer 10

main points that are worded using the same structure

Question 11

Preparation Outline

Answer 11

a full-sentence outline that is used during the planning stages to flesh out ideas, arrange main points, and to rehearse the speech; could be used as a script if presenting a manuscript style speech

Question 12

Problem-Solution Speech

Answer 12

a speech in which problems and solutions are presented alongside one another with a clear link between a problem and its solution

Question 13

Refutation Speech

Answer 13

a speech that anticipates the audience’s opposition, then brings attention to the tensions between the two sides, and finally refutes them using evidential support

Question 14

Rhetorical Situation

Answer 14

according to Lloyd Bitzer, “a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence”

Question 15

Signposts

Answer 15

according to Beebe and Beebe, “words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next throughout your speech, showing relationships between ideas and emphasizing important points”

Question 16

Spatial Speech

Answer 16

a speech in which the main points are arranged according to their physical and geographic relationships

Question 17

Speaking Outline

Answer 17

a succinct outline that uses words or short phrases to represent the components of a speech and that is used during speech delivery

Question 18

Specific Purpose Statement

Answer 18

a sentence of two that describe precisely what the speech is intended to do

Question 19

Sub-Points

Answer 19

information that is used to support the main points of a speech

Question 20

Summaries

Answer 20

short recaps of what has already been said; used to remind the audience of the points already addressed

Question 21

Thesis Statement

Answer 21

a one or two sentence encapsulation of the main points of a speech, also called the central idea

Question 22

Topical Speech

Answer 22

a speech in which main points are developed separately and are generally connected together within the introduction and conclusion

Question 23

Transitional Statements

Answer 23

phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct-but-connected idea to another