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Biology 3 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 7 properties of life?

A 
ability to reproduce
growth and development carried by genes
energy use
order/structure
consist of cell(s)
response to the environment
evolution
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2
Q

List the levels of organization from atom to biosphere.

A

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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3
Q

atom

A

the fundamental unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element capable of displaying the properties of that element. made up of subatomic particles.

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4
Q

molecule

A

a group of atoms bonded together (ex: DNA)

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5
Q

organelle

A

a component of the cell that performs a specific function (ex: the nucleus)

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6
Q

cell

A

the fundamental unit of life. nothing smaller than a cell is capable of having all of life’s properties.

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7
Q

tissue

A

an integrated group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function (ex: epithelial tissue)

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8
Q

organ

A

consists of multiple tissues that cooperate to perform a specific task, like pumping blood

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9
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform a vital function, like the circulatory system.

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10
Q

organism

A

an individual living being

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11
Q

population

A

a group of interacting indivs. of one species

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12
Q

community

A

consists of all the interacting populations of organisms occupying the same ecosystem. Includes plants, animals, and microorganisms.

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13
Q

ecosystem

A

incl. all the living organisms in one particular area as WELL AS the nonliving components that affect life, such as soil, air, and sunlight.

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14
Q

T or F: An ecosystem does not include nonliving components.

A

FALSE

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15
Q

steps of the scientific method

A

observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion

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16
Q

control

A

the group that is used to establish a baseline for an experiment from which change is measured, for example, a standard recipe

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17
Q

dependent variable

A

the response, output, or effect under investigation

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18
Q

independent variable

A

what is being manipulated as a potential cause

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19
Q

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A CONTROL, DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IN AN EXPERIMENT

A

.

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20
Q

hypothesis

A

a proposed explanation for an observation. Must be testable.

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21
Q

theory

A

a well-substantiated explanation that is much broader in scope than a hypothesis. Supported by a large and growing body of evidence and explains a number of observations.

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22
Q

is a virus alive? why or why not?

A

no. it does not display all of the properties of life. It cannot reproduce, it is not composed of cells.

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23
Q

main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

prokaryotic cells lack a membrane enclosed nucleus, are much smaller, older, and make up single-celled organisms only

24
Q

element

A

substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions. Elements make up all matter.

25
Q

what four elements make up 96% of the weight of living things?

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

26
Q

what determines atomic number?

A

the number of protons

27
Q

isotope

A

atoms of an element that vary in the number of neutrons

28
Q

ion

A

atoms of an element that vary in the number of electrons

29
Q

atomic weight

A

corresponds to the number of protons plus neutrons averaged across all naturally occurring forms of the element

30
Q

solvent

A

the dissolving agent

31
Q

solute

A

what gets dissolved into solution

32
Q

what makes something an acid?

A

An acid is a chemical that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. pH between 0 and 7.

33
Q

the pH scale runs from ___ to ____.

A

0 to 14

34
Q

at what pH is a solution neutral?

A

7

35
Q

what makes something a base?

A

bases are chemicals that remove hydrgoen ions (H+) from solution by combining them with hydroxide ions (OH-) to form water molecules. have a pH from 7 to 14.

36
Q

Why does carbon readily form backbones of organic molecules?

A

unlike other elements, carbon can bond with up to four other atoms.

37
Q

four main categories of organic molecule

A

lipid, carbohydrate, proteins, nucleic acids

38
Q

main function of carbohydrates

A

made of one or more simple sugars, common sources of dietary energy for animals and a structural component of plants

39
Q

main function of lipids

A

all lipids are hydrophobic; can store energy, maintain cell fluidity, or help materials pass through the cell.

40
Q

main function of proteins

A

play specific roles in cells and in the body, such as those having to do with transport, antibiotic defense, muscle movement, enzymes, and structure (keratin)

41
Q

nucleic acids

A

molecules that serve as hereditary material or interpreters of hereditary material for cell function

42
Q

monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosachharides

43
Q

polymer of carbohydrates

A

polysaccharides

44
Q

monomer of lipids

A

glycerol and fatty acids

45
Q

polymer of lipids

A

triglyceride

46
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

47
Q

polymer of proteins

A

polypeptides

48
Q

how many kinds of amino acids are there?

A

20

49
Q

monosachharide

A

the building block of carbohydrates.

50
Q

give two examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose and frcutose

51
Q

isomers

A

molecules that have the same numbers and kinds of atoms but differ in the arrangement of atoms

52
Q

disaccharide

A

a double sugar formed by joining two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis reaction

53
Q

example of a disaccharide

A

when fructose and glucose react, sucrose is formed.

54
Q

what organic molecule is an enzyme?

A

proteins

55
Q

how do enzymes work and what do they do?

A

enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required without being changed itself. Almost no chemical reaction occurs without the help of an enzyme.

56
Q

what part of the enzyme binds to the substrate?

A

the active site

57
Q

what are the two nucleic acids?

A

RNA and DNA

Biology 3 (11 decks)

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