Final Flashcards
Pure reasoning
Fallacy
Kung tama statement ng opposition
Fallacy
same term-different meaning
Equivocation
Writing and Pronunciation
Equivocation
Ex: All beverages in the
dessert will not melt
Ice cream is a dessert
Ice cream will not melt
Equivocation
Ignorance of the law excuses no one
Ad Ignorantium
“Ikaw Rin”
Tu Quoque
Appeal to force-Force in exchange to agreement
Ad Baculum
Misery, Heart
Ad Misericordiam
Appeal to pity
Ad Misericordiam
Ex: Business
Ad Misericordiam
Attack to person
Ad Hominem
(personal)
Ad Hominem
Ex: Fliptop
Ad Hominem
Appeal to people
Ad Populum
Ex: Walang pasok
Ad populum
Pilosopo
Begging the question
Exaggeration
Strawman
Ex: Relationship
Strawman
Hasty Generalization: Universal
Straw and
Cherry PIcking
H
Diverting the topic
Red Herring
False Dichotomy
H
Tradition-
Misplaced authority-
H
2 faculties of man
Intellect
Will
Intellect
Truth
Falsity
Will
Good
Bad
Truth to another truth
Reasoning
First truth:
Judgment
It has truth
Judgment
The ink of the marker is color red
Truth
The marker is red for the ink that produces is red
Truth
The marker is ted for the ink that produces on the whiteboard is black
Falsity
COMPARISON OF THE THREE
They’re all divisions, They’re all act of mind (Simple Apprehension, Judgment,
Reasoning in Tree of Phorophyrus
Highest qualification of man- called rational being
It is the highest form of being in rational
From general to specific
Man
Concrete product of deductive reasoning-
Categorical Syllogism
universal to particular
Where we derive to a conclusion by deducting it from two propositions
There’s only three terms on each Syllogism
Composed of three propositions
- First premise- more known : Major Premise
- Second premise- less known : Minor Premise
- Conclusion : Conclusion
Categorical Syllogism
Composed of three propositions
- First premise
- Second premise
- Conclusion
First premise
Major premise
Second Premise
Minor premise
More known
First premise
Less known
Second premise
Ex:
All humans are mortals
Mr. Franco is Human
Therefore, Mr. Franco is mortal
1st and Second= Premise
Third= Conclusion
Universal A
Singular A
Singular A
3 types of Term
Middle
Minor
Major
S
Minor
P
Major
M
Middle
Both major and minor
Middle
(not seen in conclusion)
Middle
Subject of conclusion
Minor
(Predicate of conclusion)
Major
Eureka
Archimedes
Ergo
Cogito Ergo Sum- I think therefore I am (Latin) (Renee Decartes)
All human beings are mortal
Pedro is a human being
Ergo, Pedro is Mortal
Figure mood
Formula
MP
SM
SP
All philosophers are cerebral
But all philosophers are deep thinkers
Ergo, sone cerebrals are deep thinkers
If you have two postive premises, you can’t have negative conclusion
+
+
+
If you have two negative premise, you can’t have conclusion
x
Because you had nothing to define/prove.
9-6
Barbara Celarent Darii
Cesare Camestres Festoni Baroco
Dirapti Disamis Datisi
Bramantip Camenes Dimaris
All traitors are not loyal
But all traitors are selfish people
Ergo, some selfish people are not loyal
Minor term= selfish people Major term= Loyal Middle term= traitors Figure= (Middle) 3rd Mood of A= IAI (Disamis)
Some inconsiderate men are usurpers
But, all inconsiderate men are hard hearted
Ergo, some hard-hearted men are userers
Minor premises= 2.
= I (Quantity QUALITY of Conclusion)
= Universal (Quantity of Minor Premise)
= Inconsiderate men (Subject of the major premise)
=Ergo, all hard-hearted men are not usurers
Some poor people are kind persons
But, all kind persons are likeable individuals
Ergo, some likeable individuals are poor people
Middle term= Kind persons Major term= poor people Minor term= Likeable individuals Figure= C Copula of Conclusion= Are\+