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final Flashcards

1
Q

Ethics equals ________ – customs, conduct or character can be used interchangeably

A

morality

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2
Q

_______ is discovering what is right or wrong/good or bad

Respect, love, and Freedom are some moral concepts

inspire rules of action

A

Morality

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3
Q

______ arose from advances in medicine and technology

Life/death issues

Advance directives

Organ donation

Genetics

Futile Care-

A

Bioethics

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4
Q
  • interventions unlikely to produce benefits for the client
A

Futile Care

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5
Q

: Does the advancement improve or maintain according to pt and family

A

Quality of life

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6
Q

Access to care, gov. funding for prevention & Health Promotion; curative care, end-of-life care.

A

Allocation of resources:

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7
Q

Ensures good action… actions that we ought to take according to society at large

A

Normative theory..

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8
Q

do not tell us what actions to take, they tell us how people act toward each other and their environment, what they seem to believe are good or moral actions

A

Descriptive theories

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9
Q

represents a view point on moral problems in healthcare and other areas of life that have been neglected historically

A

Feminist ethics

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10
Q

Greatest good for greatest number (Immunizations, seat belt laws)

A

Consequentialism:

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11
Q

adherence to duty rather than on good consequences. Act so that you treat humanity – both in your own person and in that of another.

A

Duty Based:

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12
Q

Decision making in health care settings has inseparable moral components

Identify the main problem or issue… social, group or individual..is it a justice issue or autonomy issue

Determine who or what created the problem.. Who has stake in the issue

Determine the prevalent values.. What are the teams individual values, do they conflict?… The values of the individual who is most likely to be a affected by a decision is weighted more heavily

Identify information gaps… interview, medical records current research

Formulate a possible course of action and probable consequences… least harmful and most benefical

Initiate the course of action

Self reflection/group reflection

A

Ethics Committee

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13
Q

the right to determine what treatments or interventions they will accept: freedom of choice/self governing EXCEPTION situation in which there is a high risk of injury or death and it cannot be determined if patients judgment is impaired

A

Self Determination-

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14
Q

ensuring patient has all appropriate information necessary to come to a decision about treatment/procedures.. Risk/benefit

A

Informed Consent:

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15
Q

Proxy Decision Making/medical power of attorney

A

Advanced Directive:

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16
Q

– patient has a right to decide who will have access to their medical information

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability Act) Will discuss later

A

Confidentiality

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17
Q

: maintain adolescents autonomy and confidentiality needs while mediating between the adolescent and parent who feel they have a right to know

Mandatory reporting laws

A

Adolescent Confidentiality

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18
Q

: patients are given true and accurate information about their healthcare #1 trusted profession

A

Veracity

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19
Q

: doing good or producing good, to benefit others/action to promote the welfare of others (mercey, kindness, charity)

A

Beneficence

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20
Q

9 Provisions in all.

Code of ethics guides nurses’ practice.

A

Treat all with dignity

Nurses’ have primary obligation to patient (family, community)

Promote and Advocate for health, safety, and patients’ rights

Accountable for individual practice – including delegating tasks appropriately

Nurses owe themselves the same moral duties as we owe to others; accountable for continuing education and maintaining competency; to preserve integrity and safety means to disclose errors, or repeated issues with inadequate staffing; never falsify records nor tolerate verbal abuse from any health care workers.

Maintain/improve moral environment and work with others to create environment of safety and quality pt. care.

Shared government, committed to leadership and mentoring

Nurses collaborate with other professionals – locally, nationally, and globally

We are responsible for maintaining integriy for profession and shaping social policies; be involved in social reform and shaping social policies for vulnerable populations

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21
Q

: threatens to give an injection or restrain; fear that will be touched without permission

A

Assault

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22
Q

chemical, physical (side rails, restraints)

A

False Imprisonment:

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23
Q

Touches patient without consent, forces meals, meds

A

Battery:

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24
Q

Wrong that involves breach of civil duty

A

Torts:

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25
Q

: willful act that violates another’s rights

Assault, battery, false imprisonment

A

Intentional torts

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26
Q

Invasion of privacy

Defamation of character

A

Quasi-intentional torts

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27
Q

The doing of something which a reasonably prudent person would not do, or the failure to do something which a reasonably prudent person would do, under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence.

A

Negligence:

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28
Q

– not knowing how to use equipment, monitors, pumps, failure to document progress, response to treatment or situation – Resulting in Injury.

** Falls, Medication Errors

A

Malpractice usually unintentional

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29
Q

Promote breast-feeding for at least 4 months.

Used worldwide.

Must have: written breast feeding policy, train staff on skills needed, inform all women about benefits and management of breastfeeding, Help mothers initiate breast feeding shortly after birth; give no food/drink to newborns unless medically indicated, No pacifiers, allow mothers to feed on demand; give mothers resources for after discharge.

A

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative

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30
Q

: Normally healthy people can develop by Close skin-to-skin contact, cuts or abrasions in skin,

crowed conditions, sharing personal items (towels, athletic gear); Usually infected area on skin resembles a red, swollen & painful area; requires culture.

A

MRSA- CA

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31
Q

Most severe cases lead to pneumonia and mortality rate of 20-25%

. Diagnosis through culture from infection site; Antibiotic therapy/sensitivity testing

More people Traveling worldwide– important to know exists

A

MRSA- CA

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32
Q

Transmitted by Mosquitos and through sex from a person with disease (No sex or condoms);

Can cause fever, skin rash, joint pain, fatigue and red eyes; Avoid Aspirin; ibuprofen; usually mild and lasts less than a week.

**May cause birth defects: Microcephaly

A

Zika Virus:

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33
Q

Outbreak in 2002-2003; 8,098 infected; 774 died;

:fever, headache, body aches, dry cough followed by pneumonia

; can be spread by kissing, hugging, sharing eating/drinking utensils, also touching objects with infectious droplets and then touching mouth, nose or eye.

Mostly seen in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore.; Meticulous hand washing

A

SARS:

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34
Q

40 million infected worldwide, Higher prevalence in developing countries; Sub-Saharan Africa particularly hard-hit;

A

HIV/AIDS:

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35
Q

__________ violence—by individual/small group
Factors include: victim’s low self-esteem, lack of social support, family history of violence, drug/alcohol abuse, culture and gender inequality

A

Interpersonal

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36
Q

________ violence—armed conflict

A

Collective

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37
Q

Middle Age Adult ______-______ Years of Age

A

35 – 65

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38
Q

Erikson’s Stage of Psychological Development

Expand personal & social involvement (parenting, community service, etc…)

If unable to play a role in future generations … stagnation occurs

A

Generativity versus stagnation

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39
Q 
General characteristics
Parents 
Children
Job stability 
Nearing retirement

Sandwich generation

A

The Middle Aged Adult

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40
Q

age gruoup where Health Concerns – Heart disease, cancer, CVA, breast and colorectal cancer

A

middle age

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41
Q

Psychosocial Factors for what age group

Family relationships
Career, hobbies, and leisure time
Values clarification
Facing one’s mortality
Many Transitions  
Planning for retirement
A

middle age

42
Q

middle aged individuals need __-__ hours of sleep

A

6-8 hours

43
Q

Intellectual ability

Perceptual changes

A

Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern

44
Q

Fecal occult blood and colonoscopy

Digital rectal exam

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Alcohol/substance use

BP, Chol,Ht,Wt

Vision and hearing

assesment for a _____ age
______ sex

A

middle aged man

45
Q

Mammography, clinical breast exam, and SBE

Fecal occult blood and colonoscopy

Pap smear

Alcohol/substance use

BP, Chol,Ht,Wt

Vision and hearing

assesment for a _____ age
______ sex

A

middle aged female

46
Q

: Thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time

A

Osteoporosis

47
Q

The Older Adult ____ Years and Older

A

65

48
Q

Erikson’s last of eight stages

A

Ego integrity versus despair

49
Q

these are Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns for what age group

Health-perception–health-management pattern
Nutritional-metabolic pattern
Elimination pattern
Activity-exercise pattern
Sleep-rest pattern
Cognitive-perceptual pattern
Self-perception–self-concept pattern
Roles-relationships pattern
Sexuality-reproductive pattern
Coping–stress tolerance pattern
Values-beliefs pattern
A

older adult

50
Q

Mild cognitive impairment
Memory loss
Language difficulties
Impaired judgment/reasoning

A

Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern

for older adults

51
Q

these are Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns for what age group

Vision
Decreased visual acuity, color discrimination, peripheral vision; cataracts/glaucoma

Taste/smell
Loss of taste buds
Decreased acuity of olfactory nerve
Changes result in large amount of salt/sugar in food
Food safety issues
Dental health

Hearing
Inner-ear atrophy, cell degeneration

A

older adults

52
Q 
Loss of former roles
New roles
Retirement
Influences
Challenges
Resources
A

Roles-Relationships Pattern for older adults

53
Q

Ability to cope
Losses of family, friends
Depression
Suicide

A

Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern

for older adults

54
Q

4 Safety Concerns for the Older Adult

A

Safety at home

medication safety

driving safety

elder abuse

55
Q

THE PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD (___-___ Years of Age)

A

3 – 6

56
Q

Erikson’s Stages Psychological Development

Assisting parents to encourage achievement of task

A

Initiative versus Guilt

57
Q

these are Healthy People Goals for what age group

INCREASE
Proportion of children who have a specific source of ongoing care

Proportion of children who view television to <2hr/day
# ≤ 5 y/o who receive vision &amp; hearing screening.

REDUCE
Proportion of children with dental caries

Hospitalization rates for pediatric asthma

The rate of death

Cases of otitis media

Indoor allergen levels

ELIMINATE
Blood lead levels >10mcg/dL

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

58
Q

these are Healthy People Goals for what age group

INCREASE
Proportion of children who have a specific source of ongoing care

Proportion of children who view television to <2hr/day
# ≤ 5 y/o who receive vision &amp; hearing screening.

REDUCE
Proportion of children with dental caries

Hospitalization rates for pediatric asthma

The rate of death

Cases of otitis media

Indoor allergen levels

ELIMINATE
Blood lead levels >10mcg/dL

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

59
Q

these are Age and Physical Changes for what age group

Weight gain approx 4lbs/year

Selected system changes

Finish primary teeth eruption; start secondary teeth eruption

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

60
Q

Most common genetic issues
Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome

for what age group?

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

61
Q

Body concepts
Curious about opposite sex
View body as hollow

Health beliefs and health management
Pain/illness – viewed
as punishment

Health promotion

A

Health-Perception Health-Maintenance Pattern

for PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

62
Q

these are Roles-Relationships Pattern for what age group

Expanding influences
Social interaction
Parental divorce
Child abuse

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

63
Q

these are Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern for what age group

Gender identification
Body image
Curiosity about bodies/sexual functioning

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

64
Q

these are Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern for what age group

Play
Coping
Set game rules

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

65
Q

these are Values-Beliefs Pattern for what age group

Modeling
Preschool typical behavior
Death

A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

66
Q

examines verbal intelligence and ability

Draw a person..should draw at least 6 body parts

Draw a family…should be less detailed but each family member should have a certain
characteristic from the childs perspective and the child names each person.

Screen for autism spectrum

A

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test

67
Q

this is a tool that screens for developmental delays or abnormalities that might interfere with academic or social success in school.

A

Preschool Readiness Experimental Screening Scale (PRESS)

68
Q

tests the interaction between the teacher and the students.

A

Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS)

69
Q

these are Health Concerns for what age group

Anemia
Cancer 
Retinoblastoma (eye) 
Leukemia
Wilm’s Tumor (kidney)
Neuroblastoma (nerve tissue)
Asthma
A

PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILD

70
Q

THE SCHOOL-AGED CHILD (___-__ Years of Age)

A

5 – 12

71
Q

Erikson’s Stage of Psychological Development where

Assisting parents to encourage achievement of task

A

Industry versus Inferiority

72
Q

these are healthy people goals of what age group

REDUCE
Childhood deaths
Vaccine preventable disease
Untreated dental caries
Proportion of children and adolescents ages 6 to 11 years who are overweight or obese
Proportion regularly exposed to tobacco smoke

INCREASE
# who eat 2 fruits and 3 vegetables/day     
# schools that provide access to physical activity other than during school hours
# who view TV ≤ 2 hrs/day.
A

SCHOOL-AGED CHILD

73
Q

these are Age and Physical Changes for what age group

“calm before the storm”
Elevated blood pressure
Growth
Teeth
Lymphoid tissue
Motor skills development
A

SCHOOL-AGED CHILD

74
Q

these are Acute Illness for what group

Children living in poverty
Homeless children
LBW infants
Chronic illnesses
Foreign-born children
Children in day care
Permanent disability
A

SCHOOL-AGED CHILD

75
Q

Adolescent(__-__ Years of Age)

A

12 – 18

76
Q

Erikson’s Stage of Psychological Development that

Assisting parents to encourage achievement of task

A

Identity versus Role Confusion

77
Q

these are Healthy People Goals for what age group

REDUCE
car accident

INCREASE
safe sex

A

Adolescent

78
Q

these are Age and Physical Changes for what age group

Physical growth
Acne
Scoliosis
Gender
Signs of puberty
A

Adolescent

79
Q

this age group Need at least 8 hours sleep per nigh

A

Adolescent

80
Q

CAGE ASSESSMENT

C
A
G
E

stands for

A

Cut Down Drinking
Annoyed by Criticism
Guilty or bad about Drinking
Eye-opener first thing in the a.m. to calm nerves/relieve hangover

81
Q

The Young Adult (__-__ Years of Age)

A

18 – 35

82
Q

The nurse provides educational information to the female adolescent on decreasing the incidence of acne, which includes:

A. Decease chocolate intake in your diet.

B. Expose your face to sunlight for at least 2 hours per day.

C. Remove all pustules and papules with special instruments.

D. Wash your face with soap and water 2 to 3 times per day.

A

D. Wash your face with soap and water 2 to 3 times per day.

83
Q

The nurse facilitates the adolescent’s self-perception-self-concept development by:

A. Complimenting the adolescent for what is accomplished

B. Developing a plan for the adolescent’s future growth

C. Encouraging the adolescent to join in group activities

D. Giving praise for who the adolescent is

A

D. Giving praise for who the adolescent is

84
Q

The nurse emphasizes warning signs of suicide risk in adolescents during a health education class. These signs include (select all that apply):

A.	Difficulty concentrating
B.	 Increased accidents
C.      Hyperactivity
D.     Lack of interest in usual activities
E.	 Sleep disturbances
A

A. Difficulty concentrating

D. Lack of interest in usual activities

E. Sleep disturbances

85
Q

Emphasis on disease prevention for the young adult should especially focus on modifying risk factors related to which disease process?

A. Coronary artery disease
B. Cirrhosis of the liver
C. Cervical cancer
D. Colon cancer

A

A. Coronary artery disease

86
Q

Young women are screened for cervical cancer through assessment of known risk factors to which of the following?

A. Obesity
B. Sexual intercourse
C. Hypertension
D. Alcohol use

A

B. Sexual intercourse

87
Q

When determining risks associated with intimate partner violence the nurse uses which assessment finding to suspect abuse?

A. Adequate economic resources
B. Equal job position of the partners
C. Both partners with college education
D. Differences in job status associated with the partners careers.

A

D. Differences in job status associated with the partners careers.

88
Q

Growth & Development: 6 focus areas

for infans and toddlers

A 
Erikson’s stages
Healthy People Goals
Major Milestones (as it applies)
Safety Concerns
Health Concerns
Screenings
89
Q

Erikson’s Stage for Psychological Development with infants

A

Trust versus Mistrust

90
Q

these are Healthy People Goals for what age group

REDUCE

Iron Deficiency
Non-fatal Poisoning
Infant Deaths
Low Birth Weight
Preterm Births
Developmental Disabilities

INCREASE

% of healthy, full-term births
# of infants with access to ongoing health care
Proportion of mothers who breast feed
Use of occupant child restraints

A

infants

91
Q

Motor Ability ___-____ Months

May roll over
Sitting to crawling - propels forward or back
Push up on hands & knees
Developing eye-hand coordination & Hand-mouth coordination

A

Birth-6

92
Q

Motor Ability __-__ Months

Sits & Rolls over
Locates & manipulates small objects
Picks up dropped objects
Crawls backwards

A

6 – 8

93
Q

Motor Ability ___-____ Months

Crawls forward
Stands and cruises with furniture
Stands alone
Walks holding hands, climbs
Pulls &amp; throws objects
Pincer grasp
Dislikes restraint
Explores away from parent
Understands simple phrases &amp; commands
A

8 – 12

94
Q

_______ immunization

Stimulates immune system

A

Active

95
Q

______ immunization

Naturally occurs from maternal antibodies

A

Passive

96
Q

Erikson’s Stage of Psychological Development for toddlers

A

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

97
Q

these are Health People Goals for what age group

REDUCE
Iron deficiency
Drowning deaths
Non-fatal poisonings

INCREASE
Use of child restraints
# of children with access to ongoing health care
Proportion of children screened for developmental delays
Proportion of children screened for autism spectrum disorder

Eliminate
Blood levels > 10 mg/dl

A

toddlers

98
Q

infant

___-___ months

A

0-12

99
Q

toddler

____months - _____ years

A

12 months to 3 years

100
Q

120 - 160 bpm

~130

heart rate of _______

A

infant heart rate

101
Q

70-80

bpm

heart rate of ______

A

toddler

health and wellness (3 decks)

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