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COM 100 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

interactivity

A

the condition of communication in which two or more parties communicate through an ongoing give and take of messages

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2
Q

3 elements of interactivity

A
  1. A dialogue between human and computer program (emails, online chats), the Internet is the channel
  2. The dialog affects the nature or type of feedback or content received, changing as the dialog continues
  3. The audience has some measure of control over media content (personalized or localized information, clicking on a hyperlink, magnifying an image)
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3
Q

Interactive media vs. mass media

A

Interactive media influences mass media because companies can see who commented on a particular story, know how many visitors they get - this impacts editorial content as publishers seek larger audiences

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4
Q

Television interfaces

A

The first development of the electronic user interface that allowed users to receive content at the turn of a dial or press of a button. Internet and computers came later in a mass communitications context

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5
Q

Intuitive interfaces

A

The “translators” between human and computer language that replaced punch cards, allowing for the input and output of information.
- Keyboards, computer mouse, touch screens, natural input messages (voice recognition)

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6
Q

Early milestones in the development of the Internet

A

1971 - email invented
1974 - Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn introduced the term, “Internet” and specified design of Transmission Control Protocol, which allows computers to easily communicate with each other over a network

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7
Q

Development of the Internet (1991, 1995, 1998, 2008)

A

1991 - Tim Berners-Lee creates World Wide Web, a global publishing platform
1995 - first wiki created by Ward Cunningham
1998 - Google founded by Larry Paige and Sergery Brin
2008 - first location based, augmented reality web browser

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8
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

a protocol that enables the standardized transfer of text, audio, and video files, as well as email from one address to another

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9
Q

Hypertext Markup Languages (HTML)

A

A coding format that describes how information should look on the Web

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10
Q

Video Games - machinima

A

A combination of machine and cinema that uses 3D animation techniques and characters from popular video games to make movies

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11
Q

Video Games - mods

A

Short for “modifications”, user created ocde changes that alter how video games are played or look (i.e. cheat codes)

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12
Q

early milestones in the development of video games

A

1950s - programmed to play checkers or chess
1962 - first computer-based video game, Spacewar! is created
1972 - Atari released Pong

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13
Q

Development of video games (1983, 1985, and 2009)

A

1983 - Nintendo releases the Nintendo Entertainment System, starting the 3rd generation of consoles
1985 - Nintendo releases Super Mario Bros.
2009 - games like FarmVille and Angry Birds become popular

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14
Q

Serious games

A

Games created to be fun and educational that use game dynamics to instruct players on topics

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15
Q

Gamification

A

The use of game-like mechanics in nongame settings, such as earning points, badges, or rewards for performing certain actions

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16
Q

Augmented reality

A

digital overlays of information on a screen that correspond to what is being look at in the real world through the screen (player stats, yellow first down line)

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17
Q

Virtual Reality

A

The replacement of the real world with a digitized, virtual one, a mainstay of science fiction stories hyped in the late 20th century

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18
Q

Trolling

A

Posting deliberately obnoxious or disruptive messages to discussion groups or other online forums simply to get a reaction from the participants

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19
Q

Behavior targeting

A

Advertisers tracking individuals’ web-browsing behavior to provide ads that closely match the topics of sites visited or searches made.

20
Q

Character artist

A

Designs characters for a game using 3-D applications like Maya and Z-brush

21
Q

Game developer

A

In charge of coding the game, main language = C++

22
Q

Dialogic communication vs. one-many communication

A

Broadcasts = one to many (monologic)

Social media = many to many (dialogic)

23
Q

agenda-setting

A

Media’s role in deciding which topics to cover and consequently which topics the public deems important and worthy of discussion

24
Q

free and open-source software movement (FOSS)

A

A movement that wants software to be freely available and the source code open to anyone to make modifications and improvements

25
Q

distributed computing

A

individual, autonomous computers that work together toward a common goal, typically a large, complex project that requires more computing power than that of any individual computer

26
Q

5 ways people’s media habits are changing

A

Choice - through search engines and recommendations from friends, people have more choices
Conversation - companies reputations tarnished or enhanced by online discussions
Curation - people act as their own filters, classifiers and reviewers
Creation - more user-generated content
Collaboration - media can get people to act for common good

27
Q

Usenet

A

One of the earliest discussion forums in use today which participants discuss topics categories called newsgroups

28
Q

lurking

A

only reading what others write in online discussion boards

29
Q

scrolling

A

simply repeating the same message in a chat room

30
Q

Milestones and developments of social networking

2004, 2006, 2010, 2012

A

2004 - Facebook is created for Harvard students
2006 - Twitter created
2010 - Google+
2012 - Facebook tops 1 billion users

31
Q

big data

A

a collection of data sets too large for traditional analytic techniques to sort, analyze, visualize

32
Q

produsers

A

audiences who no longer are simply consumers but also produce content

33
Q

Word of mouth marketing

A

marketing that takes place among customers through discussion w one another

34
Q

astroturfing

A

Creating a movement controlled by a large organization or group design to look like a citizen founded, grassroots campaign

35
Q

Ethics

A

branch of philosophy that examines questions of morality

36
Q

Morals

A

What we believe is right or wrong

37
Q

Golden Mean

A

“the middle way”, finding a balance between two extremes

38
Q

Categorical Imperative

A

In ethical thought, Kant’s concept of an unconditional moral obligation that does not depend on an individual’s personal inclinations or goals

39
Q

Utilitarianism

A

the belief that the most ethical actions benefit the biggest amount of people

40
Q

social marketing

A

Advertising and marketing techniques that persuade people to change bad or destructive behaviors or adopt good behaviors

41
Q

Hypodermic-needle model

A

A model of media effects, also called the “magic bullet”, that have a profound, direct and uniform impact on the public

42
Q

Spiral of science

A

A theoretical construct that explains why people may be unwilling to publicly express opinions they feel are in the minority

43
Q

sampling error

A

error in a statistical analysis that results from selecting a sample that does not represent the entire population

44
Q

random sample

A

A sample in which every person has an equally probable chance of being selected, intended to represent the entire population of study

45
Q

Focus groups

A

A small group of people assembled by researchers to discuss a topic their interactions are closely observed, recorded, and analyzed to determine people’s opinions

COM 100 (6 decks)

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