Final Flashcards
Refers to dynamics in behavior, the ways in which our actions are initiated, sustained, directed, and terminated
Motivation
Based on biological needs that must be met for survival, hunger, thirst, pain avoidance, air, sleep, eliminating wastes, and regulating body temperature
Biological motivation
Based on learning needs, drives and goals, power, affiliation, approval, status, security, and achievement
Learned motivation
express our needs for stimulation and motivation, activity, curiosity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact
Stimulus motivation
cycle in body that occurs every 24 hours, activities in liver, kidneys and endocrine glands undergo large changes. Body temperature, amino acids and blood pressure levels change from hour to hour
Circadian rhythm
____ can help reset circadian rhythms; it is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that when raised, helps you sleep
Melatonin
Small, subcortical area of the brain that regulates multiple motives including hunger and thirst
Hypothalamus
Feelings of weakness or shakiness are signs of ___, simulating that the body needs energy
Hunger
An active dislike for particular food; often occurs if food has caused sickness or is associated with nausea
Taste aversion
when water is lost from the fluids surrounding the cells of your body
Extracellular thirst
When the cell shrinks, when the fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cells
Intracellular thirst
The strength of one’s motivation to engage in sexual behavior
Sex drive
Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating, particularly used to refer to females in heat
Estrus
Any of a number of female sex hormones
Estrogen
Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone
Androgen
A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or body need states
Non-homeostatic drive
A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance
Yerkes-Dodson Law
High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance
Test anxiety
assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable levels of arousal
Arousal theory
When a person experiences pleasure when taking drugs, when the high wears off they feel the need to keep doing drugs
Opponent-process theory
Characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings
Emotion
What are the most basic emotions?
Fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance
the mildest form of emotion, low-intensity emotional states that can last for many hours, or even days
mood
The system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands
Autonomic nervous system
Activates the body for emergency action for “fighting or feeling”; it does this by avoiding some body systems and inhibiting others
Sympathetic branch
Reverses emotional arousal and calms and relaxes the body
Parasympathetic branch
A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response, commonly called a “lie detector”
Polygraph
A part of the limbic system that produces fear responses
Amygdala
Physical arousal (such as increased heart rate) does not follow a feeling such as fear, Instead, emotional feelings follow physical arousal
James-Lange Theory
Emotional feelings and physical arousal occur at the same time
Cannon-Bard Theory
Emotion occurs when we apply a particular label to general psychological arousal
Schacter’s Cognitive theory of emotion
The foundation of emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions to yourself and others
Perceiving emotions
a field that focuses on the psychology of work and on behavior within organizations
(I/O) psychology
the use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems
Applied psychology
Emphasizes human relations at work and that views people as industrious, responsible, and interested in challenging work
Theory Y leadership
An approach to leadership that emphasizes work leadership
Theory X leadership
Situations that arise in a job with which a competent worker must be able to cope
Critical incidents
A paper and pencil test that assesses a person’s interests and matches them to interests found among successful workers in various occupations
Vocational interest test
the specialty concerned with the relationship between environments and human behavior
Environmental psychology
Studying the behavior and psychological aspects of the legal system
Psychology of law
A group of “fake” jurors who will imitate what will actually take place in a courtroom
Mock jury
Selecting a jury based on social science principles
scientific jury selection
jury made up of people who are for or indifferent to the death penalty
Death-qualified jury
the basic things about that person such as age, gender, religion, education, etc.
demographic information
people who believe that punishment is effective and will likely vote for conviction
authoritarian personality
the field that seeks to understand how people learn and how teachers instruct
educational psychology
Planned method for effective teaching. Six steps: learned preparation, stimuli presentation, learner response, reinforcement, evaluation, spaced review
Teaching strategy
the presentation of factual info by lecture, demonstration and rote practice
direct instruction
Instruction based on encouraging students to discover or construct knowledge for themselves
Discovery learning
the study of the psychological and behavioral dimensions of sports performance
Sports psychology
Breaking complex skills into their subparts
Task analysis
A series of actions molded into a smooth and efficient performance
motor skills
A mental plan or model that guides skilled movement
motor progam
Imaging a skilled performance to aid learning
Mental practice
A performance during which physical, mental, and emotional states are harmonious and optimal
Peak performance
human factors engineering that uses naturally understood perceptual designs
natural designs
the empirical investigation of the ease with which users can learn to use a machine
Usability testing
engaging in behavior that achieves an acceptable result, rather than an optimal result
Satisficing
Participants (“teachers”) were instructed to give electric shocks to another person (“learners”), who only pretended to be shocked
Stanley milgram experiment
Took college students at Stanford University and separated them into 2 groups: prisoners and guards
Dr. Phillip Zimbardo Experiment
What does IRB stand for?
Institutional review board
Liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person
Interpersonal attraction
Factors of attraction
Physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, complementary qualities, reciprocity of liking
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
Intimacy, passion, commitment
Intimacy, passion, and commitment produce 7 different kinds of love:
Liking, infatuation, empty, romantic, fatuous, companionate, consummate
