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Psychology 201 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to dynamics in behavior, the ways in which our actions are initiated, sustained, directed, and terminated

A

Motivation

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2
Q

Based on biological needs that must be met for survival, hunger, thirst, pain avoidance, air, sleep, eliminating wastes, and regulating body temperature

A

Biological motivation

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3
Q

Based on learning needs, drives and goals, power, affiliation, approval, status, security, and achievement

A

Learned motivation

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4
Q

express our needs for stimulation and motivation, activity, curiosity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact

A

Stimulus motivation

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5
Q

cycle in body that occurs every 24 hours, activities in liver, kidneys and endocrine glands undergo large changes. Body temperature, amino acids and blood pressure levels change from hour to hour

A

Circadian rhythm

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6
Q

____ can help reset circadian rhythms; it is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that when raised, helps you sleep

A

Melatonin

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7
Q

Small, subcortical area of the brain that regulates multiple motives including hunger and thirst

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Feelings of weakness or shakiness are signs of ___, simulating that the body needs energy

A

Hunger

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9
Q

An active dislike for particular food; often occurs if food has caused sickness or is associated with nausea

A

Taste aversion

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10
Q

when water is lost from the fluids surrounding the cells of your body

A

Extracellular thirst

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11
Q

When the cell shrinks, when the fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cells

A

Intracellular thirst

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12
Q

The strength of one’s motivation to engage in sexual behavior

A

Sex drive

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13
Q

Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating, particularly used to refer to females in heat

A

Estrus

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14
Q

Any of a number of female sex hormones

A

Estrogen

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15
Q

Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone

A

Androgen

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16
Q

A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or body need states

A

Non-homeostatic drive

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17
Q

A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance

A

Yerkes-Dodson Law

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18
Q

High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance

A

Test anxiety

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19
Q

assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable levels of arousal

A

Arousal theory

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20
Q

When a person experiences pleasure when taking drugs, when the high wears off they feel the need to keep doing drugs

A

Opponent-process theory

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21
Q

Characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings

A

Emotion

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22
Q

What are the most basic emotions?

A

Fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance

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23
Q

the mildest form of emotion, low-intensity emotional states that can last for many hours, or even days

A

mood

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24
Q

The system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

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25
Q

Activates the body for emergency action for “fighting or feeling”; it does this by avoiding some body systems and inhibiting others

A

Sympathetic branch

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26
Q

Reverses emotional arousal and calms and relaxes the body

A

Parasympathetic branch

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27
Q

A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response, commonly called a “lie detector”

A

Polygraph

28
Q

A part of the limbic system that produces fear responses

A

Amygdala

29
Q

Physical arousal (such as increased heart rate) does not follow a feeling such as fear, Instead, emotional feelings follow physical arousal

A

James-Lange Theory

30
Q

Emotional feelings and physical arousal occur at the same time

A

Cannon-Bard Theory

31
Q

Emotion occurs when we apply a particular label to general psychological arousal

A

Schacter’s Cognitive theory of emotion

32
Q

The foundation of emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions to yourself and others

A

Perceiving emotions

33
Q

a field that focuses on the psychology of work and on behavior within organizations

A

(I/O) psychology

34
Q

the use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems

A

Applied psychology

35
Q

Emphasizes human relations at work and that views people as industrious, responsible, and interested in challenging work

A

Theory Y leadership

36
Q

An approach to leadership that emphasizes work leadership

A

Theory X leadership

37
Q

Situations that arise in a job with which a competent worker must be able to cope

A

Critical incidents

38
Q

A paper and pencil test that assesses a person’s interests and matches them to interests found among successful workers in various occupations

A

Vocational interest test

39
Q

the specialty concerned with the relationship between environments and human behavior

A

Environmental psychology

40
Q

Studying the behavior and psychological aspects of the legal system

A

Psychology of law

41
Q

A group of “fake” jurors who will imitate what will actually take place in a courtroom

A

Mock jury

42
Q

Selecting a jury based on social science principles

A

scientific jury selection

43
Q

jury made up of people who are for or indifferent to the death penalty

A

Death-qualified jury

44
Q

the basic things about that person such as age, gender, religion, education, etc.

A

demographic information

45
Q

people who believe that punishment is effective and will likely vote for conviction

A

authoritarian personality

46
Q

the field that seeks to understand how people learn and how teachers instruct

A

educational psychology

47
Q

Planned method for effective teaching. Six steps: learned preparation, stimuli presentation, learner response, reinforcement, evaluation, spaced review

A

Teaching strategy

48
Q

the presentation of factual info by lecture, demonstration and rote practice

A

direct instruction

49
Q

Instruction based on encouraging students to discover or construct knowledge for themselves

A

Discovery learning

50
Q

the study of the psychological and behavioral dimensions of sports performance

A

Sports psychology

51
Q

Breaking complex skills into their subparts

A

Task analysis

52
Q

A series of actions molded into a smooth and efficient performance

A

motor skills

53
Q

A mental plan or model that guides skilled movement

A

motor progam

54
Q

Imaging a skilled performance to aid learning

A

Mental practice

55
Q

A performance during which physical, mental, and emotional states are harmonious and optimal

A

Peak performance

56
Q

human factors engineering that uses naturally understood perceptual designs

A

natural designs

57
Q

the empirical investigation of the ease with which users can learn to use a machine

A

Usability testing

58
Q

engaging in behavior that achieves an acceptable result, rather than an optimal result

A

Satisficing

59
Q

Participants (“teachers”) were instructed to give electric shocks to another person (“learners”), who only pretended to be shocked

A

Stanley milgram experiment

60
Q

Took college students at Stanford University and separated them into 2 groups: prisoners and guards

A

Dr. Phillip Zimbardo Experiment

61
Q

What does IRB stand for?

A

Institutional review board

62
Q

Liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person

A

Interpersonal attraction

63
Q

Factors of attraction

A

Physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, complementary qualities, reciprocity of liking

64
Q

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

A

Intimacy, passion, commitment

65
Q

Intimacy, passion, and commitment produce 7 different kinds of love:

A

Liking, infatuation, empty, romantic, fatuous, companionate, consummate

Psychology 201 (4 decks)

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