Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

interventions include using a directive approach, taking control of the situation, using a calm, firm voice for giving directions, directing the client to take a time-out in a quiet place, offering PRN medication, and making a “show of force.”

A

escalation phase,

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2
Q

experienced, trained staff can use the techniques of seclusion or restraint to deal quickly with the client’s aggression.

A

crisis phase,

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3
Q

, interventions include helping clients to relax, assisting them to regain self-control, and discussing the aggressive event rationally.

A

recovery phase

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4
Q
Wide perceptual field
Sharpened senses
Increased motivation
Effective problem solving
Increased learning ability
Irritability
Restlessness
Fidgeting
GI "butterflies"
Difficulty sleeping
Hypersensitivity to noise
A

Mild anxiety

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5
Q

Perceptual field narrowed to immediate task
Selectively attentive
Cannot connect thoughts or events independently
Increased use of automatisms

Muscle tension
Diaphoresis
Pounding pulse
Headache
Dry mouth
High voice pitch
Faster rate of speech
GI upset
Frequent urination
A

Moderate anxiety

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6
Q

Perceptual field reduced to one detail or scattered details
Cannot complete tasks
Cannot solve problems or learn effectively
Behavior geared toward anxiety relief and is usually ineffective
Doesn’t respond to redirection
Feels awe, dread, or horror
Cries
Ritualistic behavior

Severe headache
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Trembling
Rigid stance
Vertigo
Pale
Tachycardia
Chest pain
A

Severe Anxiety

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7
Q
Perceptual field reduced to focus on self
Cannot process any environmental stimuli
Distorted perceptions
Loss of rational thought
Doesn't recognize potential danger
Can't communicate verbally
Possible delusions and hallucination
May be suicidal
May bolt and run
OR
Totally immobile and mute
Dilated pupils
Increased blood pressure and pulse
Flight, fight, or freeze
A

Panic

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8
Q

: characterized by persecutory (feeling victimized or spied on) or grandiose delusions, hallucinations, and, occasionally, excessive religiosity (delusional religious focus) or hostile and aggressive behavior

A

Schizophrenia, paranoid type

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9
Q

: characterized by grossly inappropriate or flat affect, incoherence, loose associations, and extremely disorganized behavior

A

Schizophrenia, disorganized type

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10
Q

characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance, either motionless or excessive motor activity. Motor immobility may be manifested by catalepsy (waxy flexibility) or stupor. Excessive motor activity is apparently purposeless and is not influenced by external stimuli. Other features include extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarities of voluntary movement, echolalia, and echopraxia.

A

Schizophrenia, catatonic type:

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11
Q

characterized by mixed schizophrenic symptoms (of other types) along with disturbances of thought, affect, and behavior

A

Schizophrenia, undifferentiated

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12
Q

: characterized by at least one previous, though not a current, episode; social withdrawal; flat affect; and looseness of associations

A

Schizophrenia, residual type

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13
Q

: Holding seemingly contradictory beliefs or feelings about the same person, event, or situation

A

Ambivalence

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14
Q

: Fragmented or poorly related thoughts and ideas

A

Associative looseness

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15
Q

: Fixed false beliefs that have no basis in reality

A

Delusions

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16
Q

: Imitation of the movements and gestures of another person whom the client is observing

A

Echopraxia

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17
Q

Continuous flow of verbalization in which the person jumps rapidly from one topic to another

A

Flight of ideas:

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18
Q

: False sensory perceptions or perceptual experiences that do not exist in reality

A

Hallucinations

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19
Q

: False impressions that external events have special meaning for the person

A

Ideas of reference

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20
Q

: Persistent adherence to a single idea or topic; verbal repetition of a sentence, word, or phrase; resisting attempts to change the topic

A

Perseveration

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21
Q

: Tendency to speak very little or to convey little substance of meaning (poverty of content)

A

Alogia

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22
Q

: Feeling no joy or pleasure from life or any activities or relationships

A

Anhedonia

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23
Q

: Feelings of indifference toward people, activities, and events

A

Apathy

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24
Q

Restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, or mood

A

Blunted affect

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25
Q

: Psychologically induced immobility occasionally marked by periods of agitation or excitement; the client seems motionless, as if in a trance

A

Catatonia

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26
Q

Absence of any facial expression that would indicate emotions or mood

A

Flat affect

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27
Q

: Absence of will, ambition, or drive to take action or accomplish task

A

Lack of volition

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28
Q

Mistrust and suspicions of others; guarded, restricted affect

** NI*
Serious, straightforward approach; teach client to validate ideas before taking action; involve client in treatment planning

A

Paranoid disorder

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29
Q

Detached from social relationships; restricted affect; involved with things more than people

NI*
Improve client’s functioning in the community; assist client to find case manager

A

Schizoid

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30
Q

Acute discomfort in relationships; cognitive or perceptual distortions; eccentric behavior

** NI **
Develop self-care skills; improve community functioning; social skills training

A

Schizotypal

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31
Q

Disregard for rights of others, rules, and laws

,** NI*
Limit setting; confrontation; teach client to solve problems effectively and manage emotions of anger or frustration

A

Antisocial personality disorder

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32
Q

Unstable relationships, self-image, and affect; impulsivity; self-mutilation

*** NI **
Promote safety; help client to cope and control emotions; cognitive restructuring techniques; structure time; teach social skills

A

Borderline personality disorder

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33
Q

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking

** NI***
Teach social skills; provide factual feedback about behavior

A

Histrionic

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34
Q

Grandiose; lack of empathy; need for admiration

**NI*
Matter-of-fact approach; gain cooperation with needed treatment; teach client any needed self-care skills

A

Narcissistic personality disorder

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35
Q

Social inhibitions; feelings of inadequacy; hypersensitive to negative evaluation

** NI***
Support and reassurance; cognitive restructuring techniques; promote self-esteem

A

Avoidant

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36
Q

Submissive and clinging behavior; excessive need to be taken care of

** NI*
Foster client’s self-reliance and autonomy; teach problem-solving and decision-making skills; cognitive restructuring techniques

A

Dependent

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37
Q

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

** NI **
Encourage negotiation with others; assist client to make timely decisions and complete work; cognitive restructuring techniques

A

Obsessive-

compulsive

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38
Q

Pattern of depressive cognitions and behaviors in a variety of contexts

** NI**
Assess self-harm risk; provide factual feedback; promote self-esteem; increase involvement in activities

A

Depressive

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39
Q

Pattern of negative attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations

**NI*
Help client to identify feelings and express them directly; assist client to examine own feelings and behavior realistically

A

Passive-aggressive

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40
Q

nursing interventions include speaking calmly and nonthreateningly, conveying empathy, listening, offering PRN medication, and suggesting retreat to a quiet area

A

triggering phase

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41
Q

causes EXCESSIVE production of DOPAMINE

A

Schizophrenia

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42
Q
  • hard time making decisions
A

Ambivalence

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43
Q
  • fragmented or poorly related thoughts & ideas

- When you & the pt are talking about one topic & the pt goes off on a tangent with one word

A

Associative looseness

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44
Q

-fixed false beliefs

A

Delusions

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45
Q
  • repetition of MOVEMENTS & GESTURES of another person the client is observing
A

Echopraxia

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46
Q
  • repeating WORDS
A

Echolalia

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47
Q
  • client jumps from one topic to another
    • Many ideas in your head that all come out at once
A

Flight of ideas

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48
Q
  • false impressions that external events have special meaning for that
    person
    • You believe everything refers to you
A

Ideas of reference

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49
Q
  • verbal repetition of a sentence, word, or phrase
    • Repetitive thought
A

Perseveration

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50
Q
  • absence of will or drive to take action to accomplish tasks
A

Avolition

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51
Q
  • acute, reactive psychosis for
A

Schizophreniform disorder

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52
Q

one or more bizarre delusions & the focus of the delusion is believable
• Delusion may be persecutory, erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, or somatic in content

A

Delusional disorder

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53
Q
  • allows clients to practice & develop social skills
    • Designed to help clients remediate or improve client’s deficits such as attention, memory, & information processing
    • Help the client take the perspective of another person, rather than focus entirely on themselves
A

Cognitive enhancement therapy

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54
Q
  • ideas that are related to another based on rhyming
    • Ex:“IwilltakeapillifgoupthehillbutnotifmynameisJill,Idon’twanttokill”
A

Clang associations

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55
Q
  • new words that have meaning to the pt
A

Neologisms

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56
Q
  • repetition of words or phrases that may/may not have meaning to the listener
A

Verbigeration

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57
Q
  • combination of jumbled words & phrases that are disconnected & make no sense
    to the listener
A

Word salad

58
Q

-client is talking & stops in the middle of a sentence & remains silent

A

Thought blocking

59
Q
  • fixed, false beliefs with NO basis in reality
A

Delusions

60
Q
  • FALSE sensory perceptions or perceptual experiences that DON’T exist in
    reality
A

Hallucinations

61
Q

Mature or aged cheeses: lasagna, pizza
Aged meats: pepperoni, salami, mortadella, summer sausage, beef logs, meat extracts
Fava beans, tofu, banan peel, overripe fruit, avocado
Tap beers & microbrewery beer
Sauerkraut, soy sauce/soybean condiments
Yogurt, sour cream, peanuts, brewers yeast, MSG

A

Tyramine

62
Q
  • developmental issue, predictable events in normal course of life
    • Ex: leaving home for the 1st time, getting married, beginning career
A

Maturational

63
Q
  • unanticipated or sudden events
    • Ex: you lose your job & can’t afford to pay the bills, significant other death
A

Situational

64
Q
  • uncontrolled event
    • Ex: natural disasters, violent crime, rape, mugging, murder
A

Adventitious

65
Q

looks HOLISTICALLY (mind, body, spirit)
• Focuses on the client’s cognitive abilities
• Includes orientation, time, place, date, season, & day of the week
• The FEWER tasks the client completes accurately, the GREATER the cognitive deficit

A

MSE- mental status examination

66
Q
  • overall appearance, including dress, hygiene,
    & grooming
    • Observe the clients posture, eye contact, facial expression, unusual tremors or tics
A

General appearance & motor behavior

67
Q
  • rapidly changing mood
A

LABILE

68
Q
  • 5 senses- visual hallucination, auditory hallucination (hearing voices- who’s voice are they hearing & what is it saying?), gustatory (tasting something), olfactory(smelling something), tactile (bugs crawling on you)
A

Sensorium & intellectual process

69
Q
  • having understanding
    • Ex: psych pts. have good insight about their illness when they know they have to take
    their meds & go to a program b/c if they don’t they’re going to decompensate & go
    back into the hospital
A

Insight

70
Q

the way one views themselves in terms of personal worth & dignity
• RN can assess this by asking about the pts. coping strategies

Ex: “What do you do when you have a problem? How do you solve it? What usually works to deal with anger or disappointments?”

A

Self- concept- self esteem

71
Q
  • emotional problems can affect eating & sleeping
    patterns.
A

Physiologic self care concerns

72
Q
  • parity law; Timothy’s family fought for parity & equality dealing with the amount of days allowed for psych pts
    • If someone has a medical illness & they can get extra days so can psych patients
A

Timothy’s law

73
Q

-mandatory out patient treatment known as AOT (assisted out patient
treatment)
AOT- pt who has hx of VIOLENCE & when he/she leaves psych hospital they follow up
visit is NECESSARY
NO follow up = LEGAL risk!

A

Kendra’s law

74
Q

• NOT guilty by reason of insanity

A

M’ Naughten rule

75
Q
  • relationship between interpersonal rejection & aggression
    • If your ego is wounded you may get mad & handle it the wrong way (basis of domestic
    violence issues)
A

Wesselman

76
Q

Agoraphobia
Panic disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Anxiety disorder

77
Q

0.5-1.5

A

Lithium

78
Q
Severe diarrhea 
Vomiting 
Drowsiness 
Muscle weakness 
Lack of coordination 
----> renal failure, coma, death
A

Lithium

79
Q
Facial/body flushing 
Throbbing headache 
Sweating 
Dry mouth 
Nausea 
Vomiting 
Dizziness 
Weakness 
Chest pain 
Dyspnea 
Severe hypotension 
Confusion
A

Disulfiram

80
Q

is part of one’s nature that reflects basic or inmate desire is such as pleasure seeking behavior, aggression, and sexual impulses. seeks instant gratification, causes impulsive unthinking behavior, and has no regard for rules or social convention
***** Devil

A

The ID

81
Q

is the balancing our mediating force between the ID and the super ego. represents mature and adaptive behavior that allows a person to function successfully in the world.

A

Ego

82
Q

Part of the persons nature that reflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and parental and social expectations
** Angel

A

Superego

83
Q

Substituting a socially unacceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable
— smoking

A

Sublimation

84
Q

Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels

–doesn’t want kids becomes super mom

A

Reaction formation

85
Q

Excepting another person’s attitude believes and values as one’s own

Dislikes guns becomes avid hunter

A

Intronjection

86
Q

Separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved acknowledging the facts but not the emotion
– no expression when discussing car accident

A

Intellectualization

87
Q

Is the ability to express positive and negative ideas and feelings in an open, honest, and direct way. It recognizes the rights of both parties and is useful in a variety of situations such as resolving conflicts
- works best when the speaker is calm makes specific factual statements and focuses on “I” statements

A

Assertive communication

88
Q
  1. Re-experience events through dreams, recurrent, intrusive thoughts
    • Ex: may be at work a few weeks later & all of a sudden relive the event
    • 2. Emotional numbing- feeling detached, on guard, irritability, hyperarousal
  2. Flashbacks- reliving the event; feeling of the flashback is the same intensity & levels when the event actually occurred
A

PTSD

89
Q

• Occurs right after the traumatic event but you eventually get over it
• May go for crisis intervention & be okay (happens & resolves= SHORT TERM) • One technique is CBT (change the thinking we can change the behavior)
• Sometimes we don’t get better & it progresses to PTSD

A

Acute stress disorder

90
Q

Panic disorder, social & specific phobias have - COULD BE
passed down through genes

A

MODERATE heritability

91
Q

GAD, OCD - DEFINITELY passed down through genes

A

INCREASED heritability

92
Q

: anxiety generated from problems in interpersonal relationships
• If you’re not getting along with someone that is causing your anxiety

A

Sullivan

93
Q
  • turning negative messages into positive ones
    • Ex: instead of thinking “My heart is pounding. I think i’m going to die! the client thinks “I can
    stand this. This is just anxiety. It will go away.”
A

Positive reframing

Anxiety d/o

94
Q
  • involves therapists use of questions to more realistically appraise the situation

What is the worst thing that could happen? Is it likely? Could you survive that? is it as bad as you imagine

A

Decatastrophizhing

Anxiety d/o

95
Q

CBT, deep breathing, relaxation, anxiolytics

A

Treatment of Anxiety d/o

96
Q
  • anxiety is being transferred into a PHYSIOLOGICAL problem
    • You believe you have a physiological problem BUT when the doctors try to do tests they come
    up negative
    • Problem is really in your head
    • You have anxiety & somatisizing anxiety physiologically
A

Somatic symptom disorder

97
Q

world backward
Serial 7
Repeat days of week backward

A

Ability to concentrate

98
Q

Cognitive abilities and intellectual functioning

A

Intelligence test

99
Q

Self concept impulse control reality testing and major defense

A

Personality tests

100
Q

Observe clients eating, drinking, & elimination patterns

Assess & monitor the clients sleep patters; prepare for bedtime by DECREASING stimuli & providing comfort

LT- after discharge client utilized Tai Chi class successfully to help alleviate anxiety

A

Applying nursing process/ OCD

101
Q

Pin rolling, mask-like face, stiff,shuffling gait, crooked walk

A

Pseudo Parkinson’s s/e of 1st generation antipsychotics

102
Q
  • absence of will or drive to take action to accomplish tasks
A

Avolition

Hard symptom

103
Q
  • acute, reactive psychosis for
A

Schizophreniform disorder

104
Q

client experiences sudden onset of at least 1 psychotic symptom such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech which lasts from 1 day- 1 month

A

Brief psychotic disorder

105
Q
  • known to diminish negative effects of schizophrenia & REDUCE relapse rate
A

Education group/family education

106
Q
  • client feels detached from his or her behavior
    • Most extreme form of disorientation
    • Although the client can state their name correctly, they feel as if their body belongs to
    someone else or that their spirit is detached from the body
A

Depersonalization

107
Q
  • unrealistic beliefs about clients health status or bodily functions
A

Somatic

108
Q

Lack of ego boundaries is evidenced by depersonalization, derealization, & ideas of reference
Deterioration of self concept
MAJOR problem

A

schizophrenia

109
Q

Decision should be based on whether an action is morally right with no regard for the results or consequences

A

Deontology

110
Q

Theory that bases decisions on the greatest good for the greatest number action would produce the greatest benefit for the most people

A

Utilitarianism

111
Q

Is a reaction to a stressful event that causes problems for the individuals typically the person has more than the expected difficulty coping with an event into his or her life financial relationship and work related stressors are the most common events symptoms develop within a month lasting no more than six months

A

Adjustment disorder

112
Q

Occurs before the age of five in response to trauma of child abuse or neglect is called grossly pathogenic care
• inappropriate social be late miss seeking comfort from select group of caregivers resistance to social contact
• unselective socialization

A

Reactive attachment disorder

113
Q

Is a treatment approach designed to combat the avoidance behavior that occurs with PTSD Help the client face troubling thoughts and feelings and regain a measure of control over his or her thoughts and feelings

A

Exposure therapy

114
Q

Is a specialized CBT approach developed by the military to offer an intense specific short term therapy for active-duty military personnel with PTSD

A

Adaptive disclosure

115
Q

Mature or aged cheeses: lasagna, pizza
Aged meats: pepperoni, salami, mortadella, summer sausage, beef logs, meat extracts
Fava beans, tofu, banan peel, overripe fruit, avocado
Tap beers & microbrewery beer
Sauerkraut, soy sauce/soybean condiments
Yogurt, sour cream, peanuts, brewers yeast, MSG

A

Tyramine

116
Q

S&S- changes in eating habits (weight loss/gain), hypersomnia or insomnia, impaired
concentration, decision-making problems, inability to cope w/ daily life, worthlessness,
hopelessness, guilt, despair, suicide thoughts

A

Major depressive disorder

117
Q
  • when person’s mood fluctuates b/x extremes of mania/depression
    • S&S- include inflated self esteem or grandiosity, decreased sleep, excessive & pressured
    speech, flight of ideas, INCREASED activity or psychomotor activity
A

Bipolar disorder

118
Q

Depersonalization

Derealization

A

Panic disorder

119
Q
Exposure-confront situation and stimuli 
Response prevention- focuses on delaying or avoiding performance of rituals 
Relaxation 
Deep breathing manage anxiety 
Keep diary
A

OCD

120
Q
Thought blocking 
Thought broadcasting 
Thought insertion 
Thought withdrawal 
Waxy flexibility 
Word salad
A

Schizophrenia

121
Q

Marked by cycle mortar disturbance either excessive motor activity or virtually immobility and motionlessness

A

Catatonia

122
Q
Acute dystonic reactions 
Seizures 
Akathisia
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia
NMS
A

EPS

123
Q

– Spasms in discrete muscle groups – neck muscles (torticollis), eye muscles (oculogyric crisis). May be accompanied by protrusion of the tongue, dysphagia, laryngeal and pharyngeal spasms that can compromise the pts airway. Very frightening and painful for the pt.. Treated with diphenhydramine (IM, IV) or benztropine (IM).

A

Dystonic Reactions

124
Q

– Restless movement, pacing, inability to remain still, inner restlessness. Makes very clients very uncomfortable, the pt may stop taking meds because of this

A

Akathisia

125
Q

A serious and frequently fatal side effect of antipsychotic meds characterized by muscle rigidity, high fever, increased muscle enzymes (creatine phosphokinase), leukocytosis (increased leukocytes). Treated by stopping meds.

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome:

126
Q
  • A late appearing side effect of antipsychotic meds characterized by abnormal movements such as lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing, blinking, grimacing and choreiform movements of the limbs and feet. Embarrasses clients, which lead to social isolation. IRREVERISBLE. Decreasing or stopping meds can stop progression
A

Tardive Dyskinesia

127
Q
  • Thought blocking
  • Thought broadcasting – others can hear their thoughts
  • Thought insertion – Others are placing thoughts in their minds against their will
  • Thought Withdrawal – Others are taking their thoughts
A

Thought Process and Content

128
Q

Flat affect
Blunted affect
Anhedonia

A

Schizophrenia

129
Q
  • Organs are not functioning or are rotting away
A

Nihilistic

130
Q

Teach social skills through education, role modeling and practice

A

Schizophrenia

131
Q

Insomnia
Weight loss
Poor appetite

A

Spring onset SAD

132
Q
Hypersomnia 
Increased appetite 
CHO cravings 
Weight gain 
Irritability
A

Winter depression

133
Q

Set LIMITS on behavior that is destructive
• ALWAYS stay grounded in reality & DON’T feed into neologisms & delusions/hallucinations
• DECREASE stimuli whenever possible b/c manic pts feed off stimuli
• Provide consistent, structured environment & always maintain SAFETY • Use firm, calm, relaxed approach
• Ensure physiologic needs- finger foods

A

Bipolar

134
Q

-social isolation, ineffective individual coping, defensive coping, biological root

A

Cluster A

135
Q

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

A

Schizotypal

136
Q

-powerlessness, self mutilation, risk for violence, altered family processes,
psychodynamic roots!*

A

Cluster B

137
Q
Antisocial 
Borderline 
Histrionic
Narcissistic 
* self mutilate
A

Cluster B

138
Q
  • self-esteem disturbances, hopelessness, anxiety-key factor, chronic trauma root!
A

Cluster C

139
Q

Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive

A

Cluster C

140
Q

Tell the truth

A

Veracity