FINAL

Question 1

What is nociceptive pain?

Answer 1

Pain resulting from nociceptor activation due to tissue injury and resultant inflammation

Question 2

What is neuropathic pain?

Answer 2

Pain resulting from direct insult to the nerve

Question 3

How is fast sharp pricking pain transmitted to the spinal cord?

Answer 3

Fast sharp pricking pain is transmitted to the spinal cord via myelinated A-delta fibers

Question 4

How is slow dull pain transmitted to the spinal cord?

Answer 4

Slow dull pain is transmitted to the spinal cord via unmyelinated C fibers

Question 5

Primary Hyperalgesia

Answer 5

Sensitization of primary nociceptors after injury/inflammation

Question 6

Central Hyperalgesia

Answer 6

Sensitization of Dorsal Horn Cells after injury

Question 7

A-delta and C primary afferents synapse with these 3 things:

Answer 7

1. Nucleus Proprius
2. Pericornual Cells
3. Substantia Gelitanosa

Question 8

What are nociceptors?

Answer 8

Receptors that respond to noxious stimuli from skin/soft tissue injury

Question 9

Preganglionic Sympathetics release __________, mediated by

___________ ?

Answer 9

Preganglionic Sympathetics release ACETYLCHOLINE, mediated by ACH NICOTONIC RECEPTORS

Question 10

Preganglionic Parasympathetics release __________, mediated by
___________ ?

Answer 10

Preganglionic Parasympathetics release ACH mediated by NICOTONIC ACH RECEPTORS

Question 11

Postganglionic Sympathetics release ______________, mediated by ____________ ?

Answer 11

Postganglionic Sympathetics release NOREPINEPHRINE , mediated by NORADRENERGIC RECEPTORS (alpha 1,2 ; beta 1,2,3)

Question 12

Postganglionic Parasympathetics release ____________ , mediated by _____________ ?

Answer 12

Postganglionic Parasympathetics release ACH, mediated by
MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS (m1, m2, m3)

Question 13

The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems innervate:

Answer 13

1. Cardiac Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Glandular Tissue

Question 14

Enteric division has greater _________ , mediates ____________ ?

Answer 14

Enteric division has greater AUTONOMY , mediates DIGESTIVE REFLEXES

Question 15

Preganglionic Sympathetics are in the __________ of __________ ?

Answer 15

Preganglionic Sympathetics are in the INTERMEDIOLATERAL GRAY of T1-L2

Question 16

Preganglionic Fibers exit through the __________ ?

Answer 16

Ventral Root

Question 17

Preganglionic Fibers form the ____________ and enter the

____________ ?

Answer 17

Preganglionic Fibers form the WHITE RAMI COMMUNICANTES and enter the PARAVERTEBRAL SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA

Question 18

Preganglionic Sympathetic Fibers synapse with the sympathetic chain ganglia at what levels?

Answer 18

Same, Lower, and Higher

Question 19

Postganglionic Fibers form the ____________, and enter ______ ?

Answer 19

Postganglionic Fibers form the GRAY RAMI COMMUNICANTES and enter SPINAL NERVES

Question 20

How do Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers from the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar ganglia reach their target?

Answer 20

Via Spinal Nerves

Question 21

_____________ Sympathetic Fibers innervate peripheral blood vessels, sweat glands, and arrectores pilorum muscles.

Answer 21

Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers

Question 22

Preganglionic Parasympathetic Cells are found in the __________ , and these Cranial Nerves __________ ?

Answer 22

Preganglionic Parasympathetic Cells are found in the INTERMEDIOLATERAL GRAY OF S2-4 and in CN III, VII, IX, X

Question 23

Preganglionic Cells in the brainstem are:

Answer 23

1. Edinger-Westphal Nucleus (III)
2. Superior Salivatory Nucleus (VII)
3. Inferior Salivatory Nucleus (IX)
4. Dorsal Motor Nucleus (X)

Question 24

• Edinger-Westphal Nucleus will synapse with _____________
• Superior Salivatory Nucleus will synapse with _____and _____
• Inferior Salivatory Nucleus will synapse with ___________

Answer 24

Edinger-Westphal = Ciliary Ganglion
Superior Salivatory Nucleus = Pterygopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia
Inferior Salivatory Nucleus = OTIC Ganglion

Question 25

The Anterior Nucleus functions in __________ and __________ ?

Answer 25

The Anterior Nucleus functions in MEMORY and EMOTIONS

Question 26

The Medial Group of Nuclei functions in __________ and ________ ?

Answer 26

The Medial Group of Nuclei functions in MEMORY and BEHAVIOR

Question 27

Lesion of Medial Group of Nuclei?

Answer 27

Frontal Lobotomy

Question 28

Lesion of Ventral Posterior Nucleus?

Answer 28

- Anesthesia | - Thalamic Syndrome

Question 29

_______________ Tracts carry proprioception from lower extremities

Answer 29

Spinocerebellar Tracts

Question 30

Lesion of Nucleus of Spinal Tract of Trigeminal?

Answer 30

Ipsilateral loss of P and T from face

Question 31

Lesion of Chief Sensory Nucleus?

Answer 31

Ipsilateral loss of touch from face

Question 32

Lesion of Mesencephalic Nucleus?

Answer 32

Ipsilateral loss of proprioception from face

Question 33

Ratio of Pre-Post Ganglionic Fibers is 1:10 for ____________ and 1:3 for ____________ ?

Answer 33

1: 10 = Sympathetics 1: 3 = Parasympathetics

Question 34

Primary Motor Cortex is the _____________ Gyrus, Area ___ ?

Answer 34

Primary Motor Cortex is the PRECENTRAL GYRUS, AREA 4

Question 35

Motor Homunculus refers to ________ Gyrus and ______ Lobule?

Answer 35

Motor Homunculus refers to PRECENTRAL GYRUS and PARACENTRAL LOBULE

Question 36

Where is Broca's Area?

Answer 36

Posterior Portion of Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Question 37

The Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract detects _______________ from the __________ extremities, eventually will synapse with ____________ ?

Answer 37

The Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract detects CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS PROPRIOCEPTION from the LOWER EXTREMITIES, eventually will synapse with NUCLEUS DORSALIS

Question 38

In the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract, __________ Fibers synapse with Nucleus Z, and _____________ Fibers enter the Cerebellum via the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 38

In the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract, CONSCIOUS PROPRIOCEPTION FIBERS synapse with Nucleus Z, and UNCONSCIOUS PROPRIOCEPTION FIBERS enter the Cerebellum via the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 39

The Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract detects ______________ from the __________ extremities ; and synapse with ___________

Answer 39

The Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract detects UNCONSCIOUS PROPRIOCEPTION from the LOWER EXTREMITIES ; and synapse with NUCLEUS PROPRIUS

Question 40

The Nucleus Proprius gives rise to the ___________________ which enters the cerebellum via the ____________________ after it crosses for a second time

Answer 40

The Nucleus Proprius gives rise to the CONTRALATERAL VENTRAL SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT which enters the Cerebellum via the SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES after it crosses for a second time