Final

Question 1

Name the IVs and DVs of the Iwata & Becksford study on preventative dentistry

Answer 1

IV- education only; fee reduction

DV- % of surface with plaque

Question 2

Type 1 error

Answer 2

reject the null (conclude tx had effect, but it in fact did not)

Question 3

Type 2 error

Answer 3

accept the null (conclude tx didn’t have effect, but in fact it did)

Question 4

External validity

Answer 4

extent to which findings of a study may generalize to other conditions

Question 5

Internal validity

Answer 5

extent to which a study provides evidence of a cause and effect relation b/t IV and DV

Question 6

Statistical validity

Answer 6

extent to which the same results would be obtained by chance alone

Question 7

Social validity

Answer 7

research goals, procedures, and effects are deemed socially important

Question 8

Random selection

Answer 8

anyone in entire pop can be chosen to participate in study

Question 9

Random assignment

Answer 9

people in sample have equal chance of being in each group or condition of study

Question 10

What do factor and level refer to in group design research?

Answer 10

factor- IVs in group design

level- different levels of IVs

Question 11

Interrupted time-series design

Answer 11

take data on behavior of same group before and after intervention

Question 12

Control-series design

Answer 12

take data on behavior of same group before and after intervention but with control group that does not experience tx to view difference b/t the two groups

Question 13

In descriptive stats, what is the process by which you can predict the value of one variable from another variable based on their correlation?

Answer 13

regression

Question 14

2 advantages of contingent electric stimulation

Answer 14

Quick enough that it doesn’t interfere with learning.

Immediate delivery.

Question 15

Main disadvantage of contingent electrical stimulation

Answer 15

Not accepted by society

Question 16

Direct replication

Answer 16

conduct experiment under same conditions as original

Question 17

Systematic replication

Answer 17

slightly change a variable from original experiment (setting, IV, DV, subject)

Question 18

3 measures of variability in descriptive stats

Answer 18

range, variance, standard deviation

Question 19

What was the rationale of Hanley study on effects and preference for function-based interventions?

Answer 19

In the past, caregivers or teachers determine intervention for those with disabilities. Let client chose which intervention they prefer.

Question 20

What was the purpose of Hanley study on effects and preference for function-based interventions?

Answer 20

Come up with methodology to let client chose which tx they preferred to use.
(Preferred punishment)

Question 21

Goetz & Baer

What were the 2 DVs and IV on creativity study?

Answer 21

DVs: unique block towers across sessions; # of different block shapes within each session
IV: Descriptive praise

Question 22

T or F

Prior to functional analysis, punishment was the most effective strategy for tx of SIB.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T or F

The reversal design is the most prominent experimental design used in functional analysis of problem bx.

Answer 23

False

Multielement design

Question 24

T or F

Direct measures of SIB are used in functional analyses.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Counterbalancing in an attempt to control for order effects is a strategy used in ____ designs.

Answer 25

Within-subjects

Question 26

Random assignment and matching are strategies used in ____ designs.

Answer 26

Between-subjects

Question 27

Double-blind study

Answer 27

neither the subjects nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment

Question 28

Dallery & Glenn IV and DV in study on smoking cessation

Answer 28

IV- vouchers | DV- level of carbon monoxide

Question 29

Method used to determine IOA for the Poche study on self-protection.

Answer 29

``` 2 observers (lewer and teacher) recorded verbal response of child. -Lewer used recording device. ```

Question 30

2 basic elements of group experimental design

Answer 30

random assignment and control group or condition

Question 31

What was the purpose of the Poche study on self-protection?

Answer 31

Teach children not to go away with a stranger and to teach appropriate responses to stranger.

Question 32

What was the rationale and purpose of France & Hudson study on sleep disturbance?

Answer 32

Rationale- sleep disturbance is unhealthy for infant and parents. Purpose- find a way to help infants sleep throughout the night.

Question 33

2 kinds of research topics

Answer 33

Unexamined relations and Disagreement

Question 34

Unexamined relations research topic

Answer 34

examine the relation b/t two or more variables

Question 35

Disagreement research topic

Answer 35

examine conflicting results

Question 36

Direct replication

Answer 36

conducting an experiment under the SAME conditions as those previously described

Question 37

Systematic replication

Answer 37

conducting an experiment under SIMILAR conditions as those previously described

Question 38

3 steps for picking a practical research topic

Answer 38

1. Identify an IV 2. Identify a DV 3. Develop a research question

Question 39

4 aspects of the environment that typically change when conducting a systematic replication

Answer 39

subjects, settings, IVs, DVs

Question 40

A literature review allows you to _____.

Answer 40

see how other studies have attempted to answer the same question

Question 41

Limitation of France and Hudson sleep study

Answer 41

Quiet awakenings were not separated from being asleep.

Question 42

Reversal

Answer 42

an experimental design in which a functional relationship can be demonstrated with the behavior of only one subject

Question 43

Describe the rationale and purpose of the Iwata study on functional analysis of SIB

Answer 43

Rationale- Problem behavior is a learned behavior | Purpose- To determine what reinforcement is maintaining the problem behavior (SIB)

Question 44

In the escape test condition, the antecedent is ____, and the consequence is ____.

Answer 44

demands; escape from demands

Question 45

What is one important aspect of good writing?

Answer 45

Be clear with what you are trying to convey to the reader

Question 46

Results

Answer 46

quantitative description of the findings with references to tables or figures

Question 47

Abstract

Answer 47

statement of general problem and purpose of the study; place current study in the context of relevant literature

Question 48

Introduction

Answer 48

synopsis of study including rationale or description of problem, main methods, major findings, and implications

Question 49

Discussion

Answer 49

provides interpretation of the results, places results within context of related literature, implication of findings

Question 50

Method

Answer 50

technological description of study including descriptions of participants, setting, measurement

Question 51

What was the take home point of the Dallery and Glenn study on smoking?

Answer 51

positive reinforcement from website (vouchers) can decrease smoking

Question 52

Level

Answer 52

Different levels of the IV

Question 53

Population

Answer 53

all members of some group

Question 54

Sample

Answer 54

subset of a population

Question 55

Factor

Answer 55

IVs in an experiment

Question 56

One-Group Posttest-Only Design

Answer 56

measures behavior of one group after treatment

Question 57

Posttest-Only Design with nonequivalent groups

Answer 57

measures behavior of two nonequivalent groups after treatment

Question 58

One-Group Pre-test/Posttest Design

Answer 58

measures behavior of a single group both before and after treatment

Question 59

Counterbalancing

Answer 59

an attempt to control for order effects by arranging that each condition occur in each ordinal position

Question 60

3 steps of Within-subjects design

Answer 60

1. Evenly divide subjects into 2 groups. 2. Switch groups so they experience each condition. 3. Evaluate by comparing DV in each group

Question 61

What was the intervention used by McSweeny to decrease the number of local directory assistance calls?

Answer 61

Response cost

Question 62

What were the findings of the McSweeny study?

Answer 62

Local directory assistance calls decreased after charge and long distance calls stayed the same

Question 63

What was the take home point of the Iwata and Becksfort study on preventative dentistry?

Answer 63

People who received a discount on their dental visits had healthier teeth than those who did not receive the discount.