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Government 327 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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1
Q

do citizens want their government structures to work and leaders to be effective or not?

A

yes

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2
Q

what are the three types of local government?

A

counties, municipalities, and towns/townships

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3
Q

what is a broad grant of power from the state to a local government?

A

home rule

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4
Q

were american local governments planned or did they grow in a response to a combination of citizen demand, interest group pressure, and state government acquiescence?

A

second option

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5
Q

what gave local governments more power?

A

the states gradually realized their control over localities through grant of home rule

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6
Q

what is home rule?

A

a broad grant of power from the state to local government

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7
Q

during a six year period how many cities have ceased to exist?

A

145 places incorporated and thirty three cities disincorporated

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8
Q

what offers a wider array of services to their citizens?

A

cities

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9
Q

what are the three most common forms of city government?

A

mayor-council form
city commission form
council-manager form

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10
Q

what city declared bankruptcy in 2012 for several reasons including expensive new civic projects developed before the financial crisis and costly wage and benefit agreements?

A

Stockton, CA

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11
Q

what are own-source revenues?

A

refers to monie derived by a government from its own taxable resources

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12
Q

how much does the national government contribute to local government?

A

1/4

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13
Q

what percentage of federal monies are passed to individual recipients such as those receiving medicaid?

A

60%

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14
Q

what does the tax effort depend on?

A

the scope and level of services desired by the citizens of that state f municipality

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15
Q

what can local governments do without the authority of the state government?

A

levy taxes and fees, incur debt, and spend money

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16
Q

what is a good example of a progressive tax?

A

the general sales tax

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17
Q

what kind of tax places a greater burden on the affluent because the tax rate falls as taxable income rises?

A

regressive tax

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18
Q

what is the benefit principle?

A

the principle that taxes should be levied on those who benefit directly from a government service

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19
Q

what is the elasticity concept?

A

with respect to taxation holds that tax yields should be automatically responsive to changes in economic condition

20
Q

example of concept of elasticity

A

as per capita income grows, revenues should also increase without increases in tax rate.

21
Q

what state did rolls-Royce select as the site of its new $500 million jet engine facility because it received $57 million in state incentives?

A

VA

22
Q

what is economic development?

A

a process by which a community, state, or nation inreases its level of per capita income, high-quality jobs, and capital investment

23
Q

what is the economic playing field?

A

the world

24
Q

what is one way to stimulate economic development?

A

between industries and universities

25
Q

what creates a $124 billion in tax revenue?

A

travel and tourism

26
Q

what is an accommodation tax?

A

tax on hotel or motel room occupancy, with the revenues usually earmarked for tourism related uses

27
Q

what had a notable positive effect on jobs and development, stimulating a wide cross-section of professional services and entertainment/restaurant-related jobs?

A

stadiums

28
Q

5 types of local governments

A

counties, municipalities, towns and townships, school districts, and special districts

29
Q

Metropolitan Area

A

composed of a central city and its surrounding county, are not local governments

30
Q

Home Rule

A

broad grant of power from the state to a local government

31
Q

Amenities

A

comfort and conveniences that contribute to quality of life

32
Q

Annexation

A

the addition of unincorporated adjacent territory to a municipality

33
Q

Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

A

the ability of a city government to control certain practices in an adjacent unincorporated area

34
Q

School districts

A

type of single-purpose local government. School board is the formal source of power and authority which is composed of five to seven members, usually elected.

35
Q

Sports stadiums

A

impact of sports stadiums on local economies found that the stadiums had negligible effects on jobs and development. Instead, they diverted economic development form manufacturing to the service sector.

36
Q

Intergovernmental transfers

A

the movement of money r other resources from one level of government to another

37
Q

Progressive tax

A

a tax in which the rate rises as the base or table income rises.

38
Q

Regressive tax

A

a tax in which the rate falls as the base or taxable income rises

39
Q

Criteria to evaluate taxes

A

equity, yield, elasticity, political accountability, acceptability

40
Q

Sales tax

A

accounts for almost one-half of total state general revenues.

41
Q

Income tax-

A

equitable when progressive. Superior to other taxes on criteria of yield and elasticity

42
Q

Lotteries

A

can be attacked on the grounds of equity and elasticity. Are considered inelastic because earnings are cyclical and generally unstable.

43
Q

User fees

A

setting specific princes on goods and services provided by state and local governments is one method that clearly pursues the benefit principle: only those who use the goods and services should pay. Are structured to yield whatever is needed to finance a particular service. i.e. college tuition

44
Q

Fiscal Stress

A

financial pressure on a government from factors such as revenue shortfalls and taxing and spending limitations

45
Q

Proposition 13

A

-credited with kicking off a taxpayer revolt across the United States. In LA and San Fran Bay areas during the 1970s, property taxs doubled and then tripled in only a few years. Senior citizens were forced to sell their homes to pay their property tax

46
Q

Benefit principle

A

the principle that taxes should be levied on those who benefit directly form a government service

Government 327 (3 decks)

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