Exam 1

Question 1

when was elite dominance and inefficient and ineffective service?

Answer 1

1950-60

Question 2

when did the state role increase, proactive

Answer 2

post 1980s: resurgence

Question 3

How did states and localities increased their capacity?

Answer 3

changes in legislative apportionment, increased lobbying presence, modernized constitutions

Question 4

challenges facing state and local governments

Answer 4

1. fiscal stress
   a. recession, downsizing, tax increases
2. increased interjurisdictional conflict
   b. natural resources and economic development
3. political corruption
   c. more transparency

Question 5

what moral policies does culture conflict?

Answer 5

same-sex marriages, abortions, religion, politics

Question 6

states are resilient:

Answer 6

captures ability of state governments to recover from adversity

Question 7

division of government power and responsibility

Answer 7

unitary, confederate, federal

Question 8

what are the advantages of federalism?

Answer 8

1. manages social and political conflict
2. promotes admin efficiency
3. encourages innovation
4. maximizes political participation in government

Question 9

What are disadvantages of federalism?

Answer 9

1. coordination problem across governments
2. ineffective national government programs
3. local biases harmful to national interests

Question 10

devices to control factions placed in the u.s. constitution

Answer 10

1. representative government with citizen elections
2. division of government into 3 branches
3. federal system with majority controlled by the sovereign states

Question 11

articles of confederation

Answer 11

unicameral congress
limited power
lack of national authority

Question 12

constitutional convention

Answer 12

va plan
nj plan
great compromise

Question 13

state-centered federalism

Answer 13

1. preferred by Jefferson and the republicans
2. saw the constitution as a compact that maintained the sovereignty of states
3. compact theory
4. ultimately resulted in succession by eleven states

Question 14

growth of national power through congress

Answer 14

1. taxing and spending power
2. federal pre-emption
3. smothering, then resuscitating the tenth amendment
4. federalism and the courts today

Question 15

different models of federalism

Answer 15

dual federalism
cooperative federalism
contemporary variations on cooperative federalism

Question 16

cooperation among the states

Answer 16

regional interstate commissions
uniform laws
information sharing
interstate compacts
arbitration

Question 17

why are federal funds important?

Answer 17

aid to states and localities is small share of federal budget, but is 38% of state and local governments’ revenue
Most nongrant payments are from social security, medicaid, wages to federal employees

Question 18

how did the executive power grow?

Answer 18

accumulated through constitutional amendments

Question 19

earliest constitutions

Answer 19

non-democratic
legislative supremacy
growth of executive power

Question 20

weaknesses of constitutions

Answer 20

1. Excessive length
   a. Contradictory
   b. Verbose
   c. Excessive amendments
2. Problems of substance
   a. The long ballot
   b. Too many executive boards and commissions
   c. Many local governments with restricted authority
   d. Unequal treatment of racial minorities and immigrants

Question 21

unfunded mandates are a sign of what?

Answer 21

increased national-state conflict

Question 22

what is inherent to the federal system?

Answer 22

competition

Question 23

who has the capacity to play central roles in the us?

Answer 23

states and localities

Question 24

who preferred state-centered federalism?

Answer 24

Jefferson and the republicans

Question 25

constitution as a compact that maintained the sovereignty of states

Answer 25

state-centered federalism

Question 26

when did dual federalism take place?

Answer 26

1787-1932

Question 27

when did cooperative federalism take place?

Answer 27

1933-1964

Question 28

types of pre-emption?

Answer 28

total and partial

Question 29

what is the nature of state constitutions?

Answer 29

fundamental law of a state