Exam 2

Question 1

what are the 3 functions of legislators?

Answer 1

1. policy making
2. representation
3. oversight

Question 2

which states legislatures do not meet annually but biannually?

Answer 2

Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, and Texas

Question 3

which state has a unicameral legislature?

Answer 3

Nebraska

Question 4

legislative terms

Answer 4

for senate the term of office is usually four years; approximately one-quarter of the states use a two-year senate term. In many state the election of the senators is staggered. House members serve two-year terms, except in Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, and North Dakota, where four year terms prevail.

Question 5

redistricting

Answer 5

the redrawing of legislative district lines to conform as closely as possible to the one person one, vote ideal

Question 6

gerrymandering

Answer 6

the process of creatively designing a legislative district, usually to enhance the electoral fortunes of the party in power

Question 7

reapportionment

Answer 7

the reallocation of seats in a legislative assembly

Question 8

delegate

Answer 8

a legislator who functions as a conduit for constituency opinion

Question 9

trustee

Answer 9

a legislator who votes according to his or her conscience and best judgement

Question 10

politico

Answer 10

a legislator who functions as either a delegate or a trustee, as circumstances dictate

Question 11

legislative veto

Answer 11

an action whereby the legislature overturns a state agency’s rules or regulations

Question 12

what is a good characteristic of governors?

Answer 12

leadership

Question 13

formal powers of governors

Answer 13

powers of the governor derived from the state constitution or statutes

Question 14

appointment powers

Answer 14

the most important weapon in governors arsenal when it comes to managing the state bureaucracy

Question 15

executive order

Answer 15

a rule, regulation, or policy issued unilaterally by the governor to change executive branch operations or activities

Question 16

which office was originally created by states for two majors reasons; to provide for orderly succession to governor who is unable to fulfill a term because of death or other reasons, and to provide for an official to assume the responsibilities of the governor when the incumbent is temporarily incapacitated or out of the state.

Answer 16

lieutenant ogvernor

Question 17

what office had risen to occupy executive office because of death, impeachment, or resignation?

Answer 17

lieutenant governor

Question 18

who is the presiding officer, making bill assignments to committees, and casting tie-breaking votes in senate?

Answer 18

lieutenant governor

Question 19

who is part of the governors official cabinet?

Answer 19

lieutenant governor

Question 20

who is the state’s chief legal counsel?

Answer 20

attorney general

Question 21

who renders formal written opinions on legal issues?

Answer 21

attorney general

Question 22

who represents the state in litigation in which the state government is a legal party?

Answer 22

attorney general

Question 23

who registers corporations, securities and trademarks, and commissions people to be notaries public?

Answer 23

secretary of state

Question 24

who maintains state archives, files agency rules and regulations, publishes statutes and occupies of state constitution, and registers lobbyists?

Answer 24

secretary of state

Question 25

who determines the ballot eligibility of political parties and candidates,, receive and verify initiative and referendum petitions, supply election ballots to local officials, file the expense papers, and other campaign reports of candidates, maintain voter registration rolls, and deter voter fraud. Protect citizen’s social security numbers and other private id?

Answer 25

secretary of state

Question 26

treasurer

Answer 26

official trustee and manager of state funds and the state's chief financial officer. he collects revenues and makes disbursements of state monies.

Question 27

who is in charge of investments of more than $3.2 trillion in state funds, including state employee pension monies and college savings plans?

Answer 27

treasurer

Question 28

budget

Answer 28

lifeblood of public admin. without a budgetary appropriation state, local organizations would case to exist and the monies are allocated by legislative bodies, but the politics of the budgetary process involves all the familiar political and bureaucratic players

Question 29

financial year

Answer 29

fiscal year

Question 30

budgeting cycle

Answer 30

preparation, formulation, adoption, execution, and audit

Question 31

fiscal audit

Answer 31

seek to verify that expenditure records are accurate and that financial transactions have been made in accordance with the law.

Question 32

performance audit

Answer 32

examine agency or department activities in relation to goals, objectives, and outcomes, and ensure that the government is serving its citizens efficiently and effectively.

Question 33

operations and management audits

Answer 33

review how specific programs are carried out and assess administrators’ performance

Question 34

incremental budgeting

Answer 34

a decision-making approach in the budgetary process in which the previous year's expenditures are used as a base for the current year's budget figures

Question 35

line item budget

Answer 35

a budget that lists detailed expenditure items such as personal computers and paper, with no attention to the goals or objectives of spending

Question 36

performance budgeting

Answer 36

budgeting that takes into account the outcomes of government programs

Question 37

capital budget

Answer 37

a budget that plans large expenditures for long-term investments, such as buildings and bridges

Question 38

what is the system that was adopted during the Jackson admin. in which hiring could depend on party affiliation and other political alliances rather than on job-related qualifications?

Answer 38

patronage

Question 39

merit system

Answer 39

the organization of government personnel to provide for hiring and promotion on the basis of knowledge, skills, and abilities rather than patronage or other influences

Question 40

what is the concept that public employees should perform their duties competently and without regard for political considerations

Answer 40

neutral competence

Question 41

what is teh concept that all major groups in society should participate proportionately in government work?

Answer 41

representative bureaucracy

Question 42

what is the formal arrangement in which representatives of labor and management negotiate wages, benefits, and working conditions

Answer 42

collective bargaining

Question 43

bureaucratic discretion

Answer 43

the ability of public employees to make decisions interpreting laws and administrative regulations

Question 44

what is it called when government functions may be shifted to private or non-profit organization through service arrangements such as vouchers, franchises, public-private partnerships, and contracting out?

Answer 44

privatization

Question 45

trial courts

Answer 45

minor courts of limited jurisdiction and major trial courts of general jurisdiction

Question 46

appellate courts

Answer 46

supreme courts and intermediate appellate courts

Question 47

limited jurisdiction court

Answer 47

handle minor,specialized cases, such as those involving juveniles, traffic offenses, and small claims

Question 48

which court is also known as special trial courts?

Answer 48

limited jurisdiction courts

Question 49

how are judges selected?

Answer 49

SC and VA have legislative election, most other states have popular election

Question 50

Missouri plan

Answer 50

page 238

Question 51

plea bargaining

Answer 51

negotiation between a prosecutor and a criminal defendant's counsel that results in the defendant pleading guilty to a lesser charge or pleading guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence

Question 52

what is the legal doctrine that precedent set in earlier cases should guide judges' rulings?

Answer 52

stare decisis

Question 53

what is the making of public policy by judges through decisions that overturn existing law or effectively make new laws?

Answer 53

judicial activism

Question 54

what is a trend in which state constitutional and statutory laws are consulted and applied before federal law?

Answer 54

judicial federalism

Question 55

what is a civil case involving personal injury, misconduct, or negligence?

Answer 55

tort

Question 56

tort reform

Answer 56

to reduce the number of liability and personal injury cases and the size of subsequent awards are common

Question 57

judicial performance evaluations

Answer 57

an objective process to assess the performance of judges. voters are educated and judges are encouraged to use the evaluation results for self improvement