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Government 327 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 functions of legislators?

A
  1. policy making
  2. representation
  3. oversight
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2
Q

which states legislatures do not meet annually but biannually?

A

Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, and Texas

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3
Q

which state has a unicameral legislature?

A

Nebraska

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4
Q

legislative terms

A

for senate the term of office is usually four years; approximately one-quarter of the states use a two-year senate term. In many state the election of the senators is staggered. House members serve two-year terms, except in Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, and North Dakota, where four year terms prevail.

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5
Q

redistricting

A

the redrawing of legislative district lines to conform as closely as possible to the one person one, vote ideal

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6
Q

gerrymandering

A

the process of creatively designing a legislative district, usually to enhance the electoral fortunes of the party in power

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7
Q

reapportionment

A

the reallocation of seats in a legislative assembly

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8
Q

delegate

A

a legislator who functions as a conduit for constituency opinion

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9
Q

trustee

A

a legislator who votes according to his or her conscience and best judgement

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10
Q

politico

A

a legislator who functions as either a delegate or a trustee, as circumstances dictate

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11
Q

legislative veto

A

an action whereby the legislature overturns a state agency’s rules or regulations

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12
Q

what is a good characteristic of governors?

A

leadership

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13
Q

formal powers of governors

A

powers of the governor derived from the state constitution or statutes

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14
Q

appointment powers

A

the most important weapon in governors arsenal when it comes to managing the state bureaucracy

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15
Q

executive order

A

a rule, regulation, or policy issued unilaterally by the governor to change executive branch operations or activities

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16
Q

which office was originally created by states for two majors reasons; to provide for orderly succession to governor who is unable to fulfill a term because of death or other reasons, and to provide for an official to assume the responsibilities of the governor when the incumbent is temporarily incapacitated or out of the state.

A

lieutenant ogvernor

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17
Q

what office had risen to occupy executive office because of death, impeachment, or resignation?

A

lieutenant governor

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18
Q

who is the presiding officer, making bill assignments to committees, and casting tie-breaking votes in senate?

A

lieutenant governor

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19
Q

who is part of the governors official cabinet?

A

lieutenant governor

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20
Q

who is the state’s chief legal counsel?

A

attorney general

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21
Q

who renders formal written opinions on legal issues?

A

attorney general

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22
Q

who represents the state in litigation in which the state government is a legal party?

A

attorney general

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23
Q

who registers corporations, securities and trademarks, and commissions people to be notaries public?

A

secretary of state

24
Q

who maintains state archives, files agency rules and regulations, publishes statutes and occupies of state constitution, and registers lobbyists?

A

secretary of state

25
Q

who determines the ballot eligibility of political parties and candidates,, receive and verify initiative and referendum petitions, supply election ballots to local officials, file the expense papers, and other campaign reports of candidates, maintain voter registration rolls, and deter voter fraud. Protect citizen’s social security numbers and other private id?

A

secretary of state

26
Q

treasurer

A

official trustee and manager of state funds and the state’s chief financial officer. he collects revenues and makes disbursements of state monies.

27
Q

who is in charge of investments of more than $3.2 trillion in state funds, including state employee pension monies and college savings plans?

A

treasurer

28
Q

budget

A

lifeblood of public admin. without a budgetary appropriation state, local organizations would case to exist and the monies are allocated by legislative bodies, but the politics of the budgetary process involves all the familiar political and bureaucratic players

29
Q

financial year

A

fiscal year

30
Q

budgeting cycle

A

preparation, formulation, adoption, execution, and audit

31
Q

fiscal audit

A

seek to verify that expenditure records are accurate and that financial transactions have been made in accordance with the law.

32
Q

performance audit

A

examine agency or department activities in relation to goals, objectives, and outcomes, and ensure that the government is serving its citizens efficiently and effectively.

33
Q

operations and management audits

A

review how specific programs are carried out and assess administrators’ performance

34
Q

incremental budgeting

A

a decision-making approach in the budgetary process in which the previous year’s expenditures are used as a base for the current year’s budget figures

35
Q

line item budget

A

a budget that lists detailed expenditure items such as personal computers and paper, with no attention to the goals or objectives of spending

36
Q

performance budgeting

A

budgeting that takes into account the outcomes of government programs

37
Q

capital budget

A

a budget that plans large expenditures for long-term investments, such as buildings and bridges

38
Q

what is the system that was adopted during the Jackson admin. in which hiring could depend on party affiliation and other political alliances rather than on job-related qualifications?

A

patronage

39
Q

merit system

A

the organization of government personnel to provide for hiring and promotion on the basis of knowledge, skills, and abilities rather than patronage or other influences

40
Q

what is the concept that public employees should perform their duties competently and without regard for political considerations

A

neutral competence

41
Q

what is teh concept that all major groups in society should participate proportionately in government work?

A

representative bureaucracy

42
Q

what is the formal arrangement in which representatives of labor and management negotiate wages, benefits, and working conditions

A

collective bargaining

43
Q

bureaucratic discretion

A

the ability of public employees to make decisions interpreting laws and administrative regulations

44
Q

what is it called when government functions may be shifted to private or non-profit organization through service arrangements such as vouchers, franchises, public-private partnerships, and contracting out?

A

privatization

45
Q

trial courts

A

minor courts of limited jurisdiction and major trial courts of general jurisdiction

46
Q

appellate courts

A

supreme courts and intermediate appellate courts

47
Q

limited jurisdiction court

A

handle minor,specialized cases, such as those involving juveniles, traffic offenses, and small claims

48
Q

which court is also known as special trial courts?

A

limited jurisdiction courts

49
Q

how are judges selected?

A

SC and VA have legislative election, most other states have popular election

50
Q

Missouri plan

A

page 238

51
Q

plea bargaining

A

negotiation between a prosecutor and a criminal defendant’s counsel that results in the defendant pleading guilty to a lesser charge or pleading guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence

52
Q

what is the legal doctrine that precedent set in earlier cases should guide judges’ rulings?

A

stare decisis

53
Q

what is the making of public policy by judges through decisions that overturn existing law or effectively make new laws?

A

judicial activism

54
Q

what is a trend in which state constitutional and statutory laws are consulted and applied before federal law?

A

judicial federalism

55
Q

what is a civil case involving personal injury, misconduct, or negligence?

A

tort

56
Q

tort reform

A

to reduce the number of liability and personal injury cases and the size of subsequent awards are common

57
Q

judicial performance evaluations

A

an objective process to assess the performance of judges. voters are educated and judges are encouraged to use the evaluation results for self improvement

Government 327 (3 decks)

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