Final Flashcards
% Overweight Americans
69% of adult Americans over the age of 20 are overweight
Overweight
Body weight above the recommended range for good health
Obesity
Severely overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat
BMI (Body Mass Index)
Weight in proportion to height
- BMI = (weight in kg.)/(height in meters)^2
- Underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obese
Obesity in 1995-2010
82% increase in diabetes
- ~112,000 deaths yearly due to overweight/inactivity
Genes influence…
Body size and shape, fat distribution,
metabolic rate, and tendency to gain weight.
- Obesity tendency varies
Metabolism
Key physiological factors that regulates body fat and body weight
-Process of making energy and nutrients available
for the body to use
RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate)
Energy (calories) required to maintain vital body functions while body is at rest
- Higher RMR= more calories burned at rest
Energy Balance Daily Expenditure
RMR = 65-70 % , Digestion 10%, Physical Activity 20-30%
Hormones
Play a role in accumulation of body fat
Leptin: Hormone that regulates appetite and metabolic rate and serves as a treatment for obesity
Eating 1983- Present
Americans’ average calorie intake has increased by 18%
Avg. American physical activity
15 min. of exercise and 170 min. of TV daily
Binge Eating
A normal pattern of food consumption is interrupted by episodes of high consumption
Energy Density
Number of calories per oz. or gram of weight in a food
Low: keeps you fuller longer & less calories (Veggies)
High: Not as filling & more calories (Chips)
Negative Energy Balance
Weight loss: 1-2 lbs per week
Diet Aids
- Dietary Supplements: Can be dangerous/ ineffective
2/ Formula drinks/bars: Long-term weight loss unlikely
3.Herbal supplements: Can be dangerous/ineffective
Weight Loss Programs
- Non-Commercial: Group support
- Commercial: Group support, nutrition, physical activity, and behavior mod. advice
- Online: Chat groups & info
- Clinical: High cost & usually in hospital or other such
Surgery
- Last resort
- BMI >40 OR 100 lbs overweight
Bariatric Surgery
Modifies GI tract by decreasing stomach size
Liposuction
Removal of small amounts of fat from specific locations
Body Image
Mental representation a person has of his/her body
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Eating Disorder
Serious disturbance in eating patterns or eating-related behavior char. by a negative body image and concerns about body weight
–Affect 10 mil females & 1 mil males
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level & intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating disorder char. by reurrent episodes of binge eating and purging to prevent weight gain
Purging
The use of vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, restrictive dieting, enemas, diuretics, or diet pills to compensate for food that has been eaten & that the person fear will produce weight gain
Binge-eating Disorder
An eating disorder ch/ by binge eating & a lack of control over eating behavior in general
- -2% of American adults affected
- almost always obese
- Char. by uncontrollable eating w/out any compensatory purging behaviors
Borderline Disordered Eating
Some symptoms of eating disorders but do not meet full diagnostic criteria for eating disorder
Stressor
Any physical or psychological event or condition that produces stress
Stress Response
The physiological changes assoc. with stress
