Final Flashcards

1
Q

% Overweight Americans

A

69% of adult Americans over the age of 20 are overweight

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2
Q

Overweight

A

Body weight above the recommended range for good health

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3
Q

Obesity

A

Severely overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat

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4
Q

BMI (Body Mass Index)

A

Weight in proportion to height

  • BMI = (weight in kg.)/(height in meters)^2
  • Underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obese
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5
Q

Obesity in 1995-2010

A

82% increase in diabetes

- ~112,000 deaths yearly due to overweight/inactivity

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6
Q

Genes influence…

A

Body size and shape, fat distribution,
metabolic rate, and tendency to gain weight.
- Obesity tendency varies

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

Key physiological factors that regulates body fat and body weight
-Process of making energy and nutrients available
for the body to use

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8
Q

RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate)

A

Energy (calories) required to maintain vital body functions while body is at rest
- Higher RMR= more calories burned at rest

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9
Q

Energy Balance Daily Expenditure

A

RMR = 65-70 % , Digestion 10%, Physical Activity 20-30%

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10
Q

Hormones

A

Play a role in accumulation of body fat

Leptin: Hormone that regulates appetite and metabolic rate and serves as a treatment for obesity

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11
Q

Eating 1983- Present

A

Americans’ average calorie intake has increased by 18%

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12
Q

Avg. American physical activity

A

15 min. of exercise and 170 min. of TV daily

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13
Q

Binge Eating

A

A normal pattern of food consumption is interrupted by episodes of high consumption

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14
Q

Energy Density

A

Number of calories per oz. or gram of weight in a food
Low: keeps you fuller longer & less calories (Veggies)
High: Not as filling & more calories (Chips)

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15
Q

Negative Energy Balance

A

Weight loss: 1-2 lbs per week

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16
Q

Diet Aids

A
  1. Dietary Supplements: Can be dangerous/ ineffective
    2/ Formula drinks/bars: Long-term weight loss unlikely
    3.Herbal supplements: Can be dangerous/ineffective
17
Q

Weight Loss Programs

A
  1. Non-Commercial: Group support
  2. Commercial: Group support, nutrition, physical activity, and behavior mod. advice
  3. Online: Chat groups & info
  4. Clinical: High cost & usually in hospital or other such
18
Q

Surgery

A
  • Last resort

- BMI >40 OR 100 lbs overweight

19
Q

Bariatric Surgery

A

Modifies GI tract by decreasing stomach size

20
Q

Liposuction

A

Removal of small amounts of fat from specific locations

21
Q

Body Image

A

Mental representation a person has of his/her body

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

22
Q

Eating Disorder

A

Serious disturbance in eating patterns or eating-related behavior char. by a negative body image and concerns about body weight
–Affect 10 mil females & 1 mil males

23
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level & intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat

24
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder char. by reurrent episodes of binge eating and purging to prevent weight gain

25
Purging
The use of vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, restrictive dieting, enemas, diuretics, or diet pills to compensate for food that has been eaten & that the person fear will produce weight gain
26
Binge-eating Disorder
An eating disorder ch/ by binge eating & a lack of control over eating behavior in general - -2% of American adults affected - - almost always obese - - Char. by uncontrollable eating w/out any compensatory purging behaviors
27
Borderline Disordered Eating
Some symptoms of eating disorders but do not meet full diagnostic criteria for eating disorder
28
Stressor
Any physical or psychological event or condition that produces stress
29
Stress Response
The physiological changes assoc. with stress