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Pharmacology 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Ferrous sulfate adverse effects

A

gastritis, colitis, esophagitis, bloating,

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2
Q

ferrous sulfate absorption

A

on empty stomach or w/ acidic drink
don’t give with antacids
avoid time-release with elderly

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3
Q

ferrous sulfate toxicity

A

leading cause of death in children; lavage or give furoximine

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4
Q

ferrous sulfate side effects

A

dark green or black stool

watch pt with liver disease

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5
Q

Iron Dextran absorption

A

anaphylaxis w/ IV

IM causes pain and discoloration

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6
Q

iron dextran toxicity

A

give Epinephrine

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7
Q

Vitamin B12 defficiency will cause

A

nerve damage, megaloblastic anemia, 2nd hypokalemia.

Test for folic acid anemia

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8
Q

Vit B12 absorption

A

anaphylaxis when given IV

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9
Q

folic acid deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia

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10
Q

folic acid D-D

A

ETOH

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11
Q

Acyclovir Uses

A

Tx of Herpes simplex virus and Varicella-zoster virus

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12
Q

Acyclovir adverse effects

A

reversible nephrotoxicity, phlebitis

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13
Q

Acyclovir absorption

A

only give PO

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14
Q

Ketoconazole uses

A

alternative to amphoteracin B

Class: anti-fungal

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15
Q

Ketoconazole side effects

A

Can decrease fertility

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16
Q

ferrous sulfate used for Tx of

A

microcytic, hypochromic cells

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16
Q

amphotericin B uses

A

DOC for most progressive, potentially fatal, systemic mycoses
Class: anti-fungal

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17
Q

amphotericin B Absorption

A

hihgly toxic, slow IV infusion only, therapy takes weeks to months

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18
Q

Amphotericin B Adverse effects

A

phlebitis, infusion reaction, nephrotoxicity, cuases hypokalemia, and bone marrow suppression

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19
Q

Biphosphonates uses

A

prevents Ca loss, osteoporosis, cancer pts

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20
Q

Biphosphonate absorption

A

Take only with a full glass of water in an upright position

Half-life 180 yrs

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21
Q

biphosphonate adverse effects

A

can cause esophagitis, occular inflamation, yoru jaw can rot off

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22
Q

Atropine uses

A

Tx of bradycardia,

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23
Q

Atropine adverse effects

A

dry mouth (xerostomia), increases intra-occular pressure, urinary retention, constipation, HTN, thick bronchial secretions

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24
Q

Atropine D-D

A

antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, anti-psychotic,

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25
Q

Morphine uses

A

Tx of pain

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26
Q

morphine toxicity

A

give narcan (naloxalone)

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27
Q

morphine adverse effects

A

opioid constipation

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28
Q

morphine D-D

A

other opioids, other CNS depressants,

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29
Q

Acetaminophen toxicity

A

Give acetylcystine

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30
Q

Psyllium use

A

bulk-forming laxative

behaves like dietary fiber

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31
Q

Bisacodyl use

A

stimulant laxative

stimulates gut motility

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32
Q

Senna use

A

stimulant laxative

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33
Q

Promethazine uses

A

relieves nausea

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34
Q

Promethazine adverse effects

A

contraindicated in children under 2 yrs.

hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects, tissue damage, black box warning

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35
Q

Diphenoxylate uses

A

anti-diarrheal

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36
Q

Diphenoxylate adverese effects

A

sedation and tachycardia

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37
Q

Diphenhydramine uses

A

Tx of motion sickness

Class: H1 antagonist

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38
Q

Diphenhydramine adverse effects

A

sedation (like ETOH excess), paradoxical excitation (tremors, nervousness, convulsions). NVD, constipation, loss of apetite,

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39
Q

Diphenhydramine D-D

A

ETOH, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, Opioids

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40
Q

Diphenhydramine toxicity

A

Tx w/ activated charcoal followed with cathartics. Ice packs

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41
Q

Aspirin uses

A

analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory.

Class: cox inhibitor

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42
Q

Aspirin adverse effects

A

bleeding, ulcers, renal impairment,

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43
Q

Aspirin D-D

A

anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, ibuprofen, ACEs/ARBs, ETOH

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44
Q

Aspirin toxicity

A

Sx: respiratory excitation/depression, hyperthermia, dehydration, stupor, coma.
Tx with charcoal, dialysis,

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45
Q

Diazepam uses

A

Tx of insomnia, anxiety, seizures, spasms, conscious sedation.
Class: Benzodiazepine

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46
Q

Diazepam adverse effects

A

amnesia, paradoxical reaction, abuse.

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47
Q

Diazepam D-D

A

other CNs depressants

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48
Q

Diazepam toxicity

A

Tx w/ Flumazenil, activated charcoal, dialysis

49
Q

Famotidine uses

A

Tx of gastric.duodenal ulcers, GERD

Class: H2RA

50
Q

Famotidine adverse effects

A

antiandrogen(?), CNS depression/excitement, Pneumonia, HypoTN

51
Q

Famotidine D-D

A

CYP450, antacids decrease absorption

52
Q

Omeprazole uses

A

short term Tx of ulcers, esophagitis, & GERD

Class: PPI

53
Q

Omeprazole adverse effects

A

HA, NVD, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), fracture, Rebound acid hypersecretion, hypomagnesemia.

54
Q

Omeprazole D-D

A

Atazanavir, ketoconazole, itracanazole, Ca+

55
Q

Vancomycin uses

A

Tx of MRSA, 2nd line for C-Diff

Disrupts cell wall

56
Q

Vancomycin adverse effects

A

renal failure, ototoxicity,

57
Q

Pen G uses

A

weakens cell wall

58
Q

Pen G adverse effects

A

most common cause of Dx allergy

59
Q

Pen G D-D

A

Aminoglycosides, probenecid, bacteriostatic abx, oral contraceptives

60
Q

Cephalexin uses

A

Bactericidal, beta-lactam abx

61
Q

Chephalexin, adverse effects

A

anaphylaxis, thrombophlebitis, C-Diff

62
Q

Fluoxetine uses

A

Tx of bulimia, bipolar disorder, OCD, PTSD, tourette’s and obesity.
class: SSRI

63
Q

Fluoxetine adverse efffects

A

impotence, Nausea, HA, insomnia, weight gain, serotonin syndrome, bruxism (teeth grinding)

64
Q

Fluoxetine D-D

A

MAOIs, TCAs, warfarin/NSAIDs

65
Q

Imipramine uses

A

Tx of bipolar disorder, neuropathic/chronic pain, insomnia, fibromyalgia, OCD
Class: TCA

66
Q

Imipramine adverse effects

A

orthostatic HypoTN, sedation, anticholinergic effects, diaphoresis, cardiotoxicity, seizures, “Yawngasm”

67
Q

Imipramine D-D

A

MAOIsm sympathomimetics, potentiate anticholinergic agents

68
Q

St. John’s Wort uses

A

intensifies serotonin, CYP 450

Class: anti-depressant

69
Q

Prednisone uses

A

mimics glucocorticoids

Class: glucocorticoid

70
Q

Prednisone adverse effects

A

adrenal insuficiency, osteoporosis, infection, glucose intolerance, myopathy, F & E imbalance, cataracts/glaucoma, PUD, Cushing’s syndrome

71
Q

Prednisone D-D

A

K+ loss interactions, NSAIDs, insulin, oral hypoglycemic, vaccines

72
Q

Phenytoin uses

A

Tx of partial and tonic-clonic seizures.

Class: AED

73
Q

Phenytoin adverse effects

A

Nystagmus, diploplia, sedation, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, skin rash (SJS),

74
Q

Phenytoin D-D

A

Phenytoin decreases effects of: oral contraceptives, warfarin, glucocorticoids.
Dx increase Phenytoin levels: Diazepam, Isoniazid, Cimetidine, ETOH, Valporic acid.
And CNS depressants

75
Q

Carbamazepine uses

A

Tx of epilepsy (not absnce), bipolar, trigeminal & glossopharyngeal neuralgias.
Class: AED

76
Q

Carbamazepine adverse effects

A

Leukopenia, nystagmus, blurred vision, water excretion impaired, SJS

77
Q

Carbamazepine D-D

A

warfarin, contraceptives, phenobarbital, phenytoin, grapefruit.

78
Q

Furosemide uses

A

Pulmonary edema of CHF, edematous states, HTN.

Class: loop diuretic

79
Q

Furosemide adverse effects

A

hyponatremia, hypochloremia,HypoTN, hypokalemia, dehydration, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia

80
Q

Furosemide D-D

A

Digoxin, ototoxic drugs, K-sparing diuretics, anti-HTN agents, NSAIDs

81
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide uses

A

Tx of HTN, edema, lowers urine output in Diabetes Insipudus (DI)
Class: diuretic

82
Q

hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects

A

Hyponatremia, chloremia, NypoTN, dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia.
CAN USE W/ OTOTOXICS

83
Q

Gentamycin uses

A

abx, bactericidal

Class: aminoglycoside

84
Q

Gentamycin adverse effects

A

vertigo, no PO

85
Q

Tetracycline uses

A

broad spectrum abx

86
Q

Tetracycline adverse effects

A

teeth browning, supra-infection

87
Q

Clindamycin uses

A

Tx of respiratory abcess and infection, vaginal infection, skin infection.
Class: abx (in place of Penicillin)

88
Q

Captopril uses

A

TX of HTN, heart failure, diabetic neuropthay, prevention of MI, stroke.
Class: ACE inhibitors

89
Q

Captopril adverse effects

A

1st dose HypoTn, COUGH, hyperkalemia, angioedema.

90
Q

Captopril D-D

A

Diruetics, antiHTN agents, K-sparing drugs, Lithium, NSAIDs, salt substitutes

91
Q

Propranolol uses

A

Tx of angina pectoris, MI, HTn, cardiac dysrhythmias.

Class: Beta 1 & 2 blocker

92
Q

Propranolol adverse effects

A

bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, AV heart block, percipitation of heart failure,

93
Q

Propranolol d-D

A

CCBs (verapamil) & insulin

94
Q

Metoprolol uses

A

Tx of angina pectoris, MI, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias

Class: Beta 1 blocker

95
Q

Metoprolol adverse effects

A

Bradycardia, AV heart block, percipitation of heart failure

96
Q

Clonidine uses

A

Tx of HTN, tachycardia, cancer pain.

Class: vasodilator, anti-HTN

97
Q

Clonidine adverse effects

A

rebound HTN, drowsiness, dry mouth, embryotoxic, constipation ,impotence, gynecomastia

98
Q

Verapamil uses

A

Tx of angina pectoris, primary HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, A-flutter/fib/ SVT, & migraine prevention.
Class: CCB

99
Q

Verapamil adverse effects

A

Constipation (elderly), dizziness, facial flushing, HA, edema, gingival Hyperplasia, bradycardia, decreased stroke volume.

100
Q

Verapamil D-D

A

Digoxin, grapefruit juice

101
Q

Verapamil toxicity

A

Tx w/ calcium gluconate, nor-epi, atropine, pacer, cathartics.

102
Q

Naloxone uses

A

reversal of narcotic

Class: Opioid Antagonist

103
Q

Naloxone adverse effects

A

acute withdrawal

104
Q

Warfarin uses

A

TX of prophylaxis, thrombosis, prevention of DVT, required with mech heart valve and A-Fib.
Class: anticoagulants

105
Q

Warfarin adverse effects

A

Hemorrhage, reddish/orange urine, alopecia.

106
Q

Warfarin D-D

A

Tylenol?, mayo, canola oil, spinach, broccoli.

107
Q

Enoxaparin uses

A

Post-op prevention of DVT, ischemic complications of MI

Class: anticoagulant

108
Q

Enoxaparin adverse effects

A

bleeding

109
Q

Ibuprofen uses

A

RA and OA

110
Q

Ibuprofen adverse effects

A

NOT cardioprotective, cause Na and water retention.

111
Q

Acetominophen uses

A

Tx of pain, fever (not anti-inflammatory

112
Q

Acetominophen adverse effects

A

hepatotoxicity, ETOH connection

113
Q

Acetominophen Toxicity

A

TX w/ acetylcysteine

114
Q

Pseudoephedrine uses

A

Tx of sinusitis & colds

Class: sympathomimetic

115
Q

Pseudoephedrine adverse effects

A

rebound congestion, CNS stimulation, abuse.

116
Q

Isotretinoin uses

A

tx of severe acne

Class: retinoids

117
Q

Isotretinoin adverse effects

A

nosebleed, inflammed lips/eyes, muscle/back pain, UV light sensitivity, high triglycerides, highly teratogenic.

118
Q

Isotretinoin D-D

A

Tetracyclines, Vit A, ETOH, Methotrexate, food enhances effects

119
Q

Epinephrine uses

A

vasoconstriction,

Class: Adrenergic Agonist

120
Q

Epinephrine adverse effects

A

HTN, necrosis, bradycardia/tachycardia, tremor, chest pain, hyperglycemia

121
Q

Epinephrine D-D

A

MAOIs, TCAs, general anisthetics, Alpha and Beta Blockers

Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

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