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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Magnesium - MOA

A

Alkaline agents that neutralize acid and decrease destruction of gut wall.

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2
Q

Magnesium - Adverse effects

A

Diarrhea, Na+ loading, CHF, HTN, high levels in renal failure pts.

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3
Q

Magnesium - D-D

A

May impair absorption of other antacids.

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4
Q

Sulcralfate - MOA

A

Barrier

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5
Q

Sulcralfate - ADME

A
  • 1 hr before meals and at bedtime
  • big tabs or suspension
  • may impair absorption of some drugs
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6
Q

Pen G - MOA

A

Weakens cell walls

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7
Q

Pen G - ADME

A
  • can give IV
  • useless PO
  • renal excretion
  • dosage in units
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8
Q

Pen G - Adverse effects

A

Most common cause of drug allergy

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9
Q

Pen G - D-D

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Probenecid delays excretion
  • Bacteriostatic antibiotics
  • oral contraceptives
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10
Q

Amoxicillin - ADME

A

-preferred PO

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11
Q

Ampicillin/sulbactam - MOA

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor

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12
Q

Ampicillin/sulbactam - Precautions

A
  • give a full glass of water

- take complete dose

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13
Q

Cephalexin - MOA

A
  • beta-lactam abx

- bactericidal

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14
Q

Cephalexin - Adverse effects

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • anaphylaxis
  • thrombophlebitis
  • patin at injection site
  • CDAD
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15
Q

Cefoperazone - Precautions

A

increase in bleeding

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16
Q

Cefotetan - Precautions

A
  • increase in bleeding

- ETOH intolerance

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17
Q

Ceftriaxone - Precautions

A
  • increase in bleeding

- potentially fatal if given w/ Ca+

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18
Q

Vancomycin - MOA

A

disrupts cell wall

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19
Q

Vancomycin - Adverse effects

A
  • renal failure
  • ototoxicity
  • thrombophlebitis
  • allergy
  • Red Man Syndrome
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20
Q

Vancomycin - Precautions

A

potentially toxic

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21
Q

Fluoxetine - MOA

A

selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, resulting in elevated serotonin levels

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22
Q

Fluoxetine - Adverse effects

A
  • impotence
  • nausea
  • HA
  • anxiety
  • insomnia
  • weight gain
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23
Q

Fluoxetine - D-D

A

MAOIs
TCAs
warfarin/NSAIDs

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24
Q

Bupropion - MOA

A

unclear

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25
Q

Bupropion - Adverse effects

A 
seizure
tachycardia
agitation
insomnia
rare hallucinations
HA
blurred vision
dry mouth
constipation
wight loss
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26
Q

Bupropion - D-D

A

St. John’s Wort and MAOIs

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27
Q

Amitriptyline - MOA

A

TCA

sedative

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28
Q

Amitriptyline - Adverse effects

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • sedation
  • anticholinergic effects
  • diaphoresis
  • cardiotoxicity
  • seizures
  • hypomania
  • “yawngasm”
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29
Q

Amitriptyline - D-D

A

MAOIs w/ severe HTN

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30
Q

St. John’s Wort - MOA

A

intensifies serotonin, CYP 450

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31
Q

Benzodiazepines - Uses

A
  • Insomnia
  • anxiety
  • seizures
  • spasms
  • pre-op
  • intra-op
  • conscious sedation
  • ETOH withdrawal
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32
Q

Benzodiazepines - MOA

A

depresses CNS at multiple sites by potentiating GABA

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33
Q

Benzodiazepines - Adverse effects

A
  • Amnesia
  • paradoxical
  • cardiac/respiratory
  • malnutrition
  • liver disease
  • blood levels
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34
Q

Benzodiazepines - ADME

A
  • Extensive metabolism
  • readily absobed
  • differ in respect to time, tolerance, & physical dependance
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35
Q

Benxodiazepines - D-D

A

other CNS depressants

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36
Q

Barbiturates - MOA

A

mimics GABA causing direct CNS depression

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37
Q

Barbiturates - Adverse effects

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • hypotension in toxic doses
  • classic triad
38
Q

Barbiturates - Precautions

A
  • highly addictive
  • tolerance & dependence
  • caution in elderly (D-D)
  • caution with IM
39
Q

Barbiturates - D-D

A

other CNS depressants

40
Q

Zolopidem - MOA

A

Agonists at benzo receptor on GABA channel prolonging sleep duration

41
Q

Zolopidem - Adverse effects

A
  • can intensify CNS depressants

- similar to Benzo

42
Q

Diphenhydramine - MOA

A
  • selectively bind to histaminic receptors

- can also bind to muscarinic receptors

43
Q

Diphenhydramine - Adverse effects

A

sedation, diziness, lack of coordination, confusion, tremors, nervousness, convulsions, N,V,D, constipation, loss of appetite

44
Q

Diphenhydramine - D-D

A

ETOH, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, Opioids

45
Q

Diphenhydramine - Contraindications

A

pregnancy, lactation, asthma, children/elderly, urinary retention, HTN, OA glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy

46
Q

Fexofenadine - MOA

A

antagonist of histamine to relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis and urticarias

47
Q

Fexofenadine - ADME

A

-does not readily cross blood/brain barrier

48
Q

Fexofenadine - D-F

A

Fruit juices

49
Q

Prednisone - MOA

A

mimics natural glucocorticoids almost exactly

50
Q

Prednisone - Adverse effects

A
  • adrenal insufficiency
  • osteoporosis
  • infection
  • glucose intolerance
  • myopathy
  • fluid electrolyte imbalance
  • growth retardation
  • psychological disturbances
  • cataracts
  • glaucoma
  • PUD
  • Cushing’s syndrome
51
Q

Prednisone - ADME

A

absorption and duration depend on dosage/route

52
Q

Prednisone D-D

A
  • interactions related to K+ loss
  • NSAIDs
  • insulin
  • oral hypoglycemic
  • vaccines
53
Q

Prednisone - Contraindications

A
  • Systemic fungal infections

- live virus vaccine

54
Q

Omeprazol - MOA

A

suppresses secretion of gastric acid

55
Q

Omeprazol - Adverse effects

A
  • HA
  • N,V,D
  • CAP
  • fracture
  • rebound acid hypersecretion
  • hypomagnesemia
56
Q

Omeprazol - ADME

A

Enteric coated

57
Q

Omeprazol - D-D

A

reduces absorption of atazanavir, ketoconazole, and itraconazole

58
Q

Promethazine _ MOA

A

blocks H1 receptors without blocking secretion of histamine

59
Q

Promethazine - Adverse effects

A
  • respiratory depression
  • N & V
  • dermatits
  • phototoxicity
  • urticaria
  • CNS Depression
60
Q

Promethazine - Contraindications

A
  • comatose states
  • hypersensitivity to drug
  • asthma
  • sub-q or intra-arterial admin
61
Q

Prednisolone - Adverse effects

A
  • HTN
  • CHF
  • DM
  • Iatogenic Cushing’s disease
  • myopathy
62
Q

Prednisolone - D-D

A

Rotavirus vaccine

63
Q

Prednisolone - contraindications

A

-systemic fungal infections

64
Q

Fluoxetine - Class

A

Antidepressant

65
Q

Bupropion - Class

A

Antidepressant

66
Q

Amitrptyline - Class

A

TCA

Tricyclic antidepressant

67
Q

St. John’s Wort - Class

A

Antidepressant

68
Q

Benzodiazepine - Class

A

Sedative, Hypnotics

69
Q

Barbiturates - Class

A

Sedative, Hypnotics

70
Q

Zolpidem - Class

A

Sedative, Hypnotics

71
Q

Diphenhydramine - Class

A

Antihistamine

72
Q

Fexofenadine - Class

A

Antihistamine

73
Q

Promethazine - Class

A

Antihistmaine

74
Q

Prednisone - Class

A

Glucocorticoid

75
Q

Prednisolone - Class

A

Glucocorticoid

76
Q

Omeprazol - Class

A

PPI

77
Q

Famotidine - Class

A

H2RA

78
Q

Magnesium - Class

A

Antacid

79
Q

Sulcralfate - Class

A

PPI

80
Q

Pen G - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

81
Q

Amoxicillin - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

82
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactan - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

83
Q

Cephalexin - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

84
Q

Ceftriaxone - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

85
Q

Cefoperazone - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

86
Q

Cefotetan - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

87
Q

Vancomycin - Class

A

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

88
Q

Amoxicillin - MOA

A

disrupts cell wall synthesis

89
Q

Amoxicillin - Adverse effects

A

CDAD, anaphylaxis, Steven Johnson’s syndrome

90
Q

Famotidine - MOA

A

H2A receptor antagonist, inhibits concentration and volume of gastric secretion

91
Q

Famotidine - D-D

A
  • Cefditoren
  • cefpodoxime
  • cyclosporine

Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

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