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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

AEDs (anti-epileptic)

A

Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Gabapentin

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2
Q

Diuretics

A

Furosemide & Hydrochlorothiazide

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3
Q

ACE Inhibitors (prils)

A

Captopril

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4
Q

ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [the sartans])

A

Losartan

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5
Q

skin disorder drug therapy

A

Vit D-3, topical glucocorticoids, sunscreens, tretinoin, isotretinoin, methotrexate

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6
Q

Aminoglycocides

A

Gentamycin, neomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol

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7
Q

Beta blockers

A

Propranolol, metoprolol

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8
Q

adrenergic agents

A

chlonidine

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9
Q

CCBs

A

Nifedipine, verapamil

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10
Q

Diuretics MOA

A

Block Na reabsorption

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11
Q

Diuretics uses

A

treatment of HTN and edema, maintain urine flow and aids prevention of renal failure.

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12
Q

Furosimide Uses

A

pulmonary edema of CHF, Edematous states, HTN resistant to other diuretics, Hypercalcemia

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13
Q

Furosimide adverse effects

A

hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, HYPOTENSION, hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia

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14
Q

Furosimide D-D

A

digoxin, ototoxic drugs, K-sparing diuretics, antiHTN agents, NSAIDs

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15
Q

hydrochlorothiazide uses

A

treat HTN, treat Edema, and lowers urine output in Diabetes insipidus

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16
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

inneffective in low GFR,

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17
Q

hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects

A

exceptions: can use with ototoxics. AE: Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, HYPOTENSION, hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia

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18
Q

Phenytoin uses

A

treatment of pratial and tonic-clonic seizures & selected cardiac dysrhythmias

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19
Q

phenytoin dverse effects

A

sedation, nystagmus, diplopia, gingival hyperplasia, skin rash (stop therapy [SJS])

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20
Q

Phenytoin D-D

A

CNS depressants. Decreases effects of oral contrceptives, warfarin, and glococorticoids. these drugs increase Phenytoin levels: diazepam, isoniazid, cimetidine, EOTH, and valporic acid. THese drugs decrease Phenytoin levels: Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, chronic EOTH.

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21
Q

Phenytoin ADME

A

PO w/ food, susspensions, use caution with IV

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22
Q

Carbamazepine uses

A

treats epilepsy (not absence), bipolar dissorder, trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias

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23
Q

Carbamazepine adverse effects

A

nystagmus, ataxia, leukopenia, water excretion impaired (monitor Na), skin rash (SJS especially in Asians)

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24
Q

Carbamazepine D-D

A

decreases effect of warfarin and contaceptives, decreased by phenobarbital and phenytoin, increased by Grapefruit

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25
Q

Carbamazepine Nsg considerations

A

minimal cog. impairment, give wtih food and the largest dose at night

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26
Q

Phenobarbital uses

A

epilepsy

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27
Q

phenobarbital adverse effects

A

sedation, physical depndance, riskets, osteomalacia, tolerance with continued use.

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28
Q

Gabapentin uses

A

80% of use is off-label for neuro pain, migrain, and hot flashes, approved to treat epilepsy or partial seizures

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29
Q

gabapentin adverse effects

A

somnolence, dizziness, peripheral edema, nystagmus

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30
Q

Captopril uses

A

HTN, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of MI or CVA.

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31
Q

Special benefits of ACE Inhibitors

A

DON’T interferre with heart reflexes, safe in asthma, DON’T cause hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, or hyperglycemia, DON’T cause lethargy, weakness or sexual dysfunction.

32
Q

Captopril ADME

A

PO, don’t take with food, Renal excretion

33
Q

Captopril Adverse effects

A

1st dose hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, RF angioedema.

34
Q

Captopril D-D

A

diuretics (withdraw 1wk prior), antiHTN agents, drugs that raise K levels, NSAIDs

35
Q

Captopril D-F

A

salt substitutes

36
Q

Losartan uses

A

slow progression of established renal disease, migraine, (no cough like ACE inhibitors)

37
Q

Losartan ADME

A

PO, w/ or w/o food

38
Q

Losartan adverse effects

A

1st dose hypotension, hyperkalemia, RF, angioedema (less than ACE Inhibitors)

39
Q

Losartan D-D

A

antiHTN

40
Q

verapamil uses

A

decreses HR, Increases coronary perfusion, relieves: primary HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, prevents migraine.

41
Q

Verapamil adverse effects

A

constipation, dizziness, facial flushing, HA, edema, gingival hyperplasia, bradycardia.

42
Q

verapamil D-D

A

digoxin, Beta-andrenergic blocking agents

43
Q

verapamil D-F

A

grapefruit juice

44
Q

verapamil toxicity

A

severe hypotension, TREATMENT:Calcium Gluconate, nor-epi…

45
Q

Propranolol uses

A

management of: MI, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, migraine, glaucoma.

46
Q

Propranolol adverse effects

A

bradycardia, AV heart block, precipitation of heart failure, reduced cardiac output, bronchoconstriction.

47
Q

Propranolol precaustions/contraindications

A

DM, heart failure, AV block, bradycardia, asthma, bronchospasm, and depression.

48
Q

Propranolol D-D

A

Calcium channel blockers (Verapamil), insulin

49
Q

metoprolol uses

A

management of: MI, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, migraine, glaucoma

50
Q

metoprolol adverse effects

A

block, precipitation of heart failure, reduced cardiac output, (NO BRONCHOCONSTRICTION)

51
Q

Chlonidie uses

A

lowers BP & HR, can be used as adjunct in treatment of severe cancer pain.

52
Q

Chonidine ADME

A

PO & patches. Effects start in 30 min, and can last 24 hrs.

53
Q

Chlonidine Adverse Effects

A

rebound HTN w/ sudden withdrawal, drowsiness, dry mouth, embryotoxic, constipation, impotence.

54
Q

Hydrocortisone uses

A

relief of itching in bites, burns, dermatits, psoriasis, eczema, and pemphigus

55
Q

Hydrocortisone ADME

A

Relative potency, creams, gels, ointments, or combinations.

56
Q

Hydrocortisone Adverse Effects

A

infection, irritation, atrophy, acne, hair growth, growth impairment.

57
Q

Isotretinoin uses

A

treatement of severe acne

58
Q

Isotretinoin adverse effects

A

nosebleed, inflamed lips/eyes, muscle/back pain, UV light sensitivity, increased triglycerides, highly teratenogenic.

59
Q

Isotretinoin D-D

A

tetracuclines, avoid vit A

60
Q

Isotretinoin D-F

A

food enhances absorption

61
Q

suscreens protect against

A

sunburn, photosensitivity, photoaging, actinic keratoses, and squamous cell.

62
Q

sunscreen ADME

A

SPF 30 or higher, Avobenzone only one that covers full UVA & UVB range.

63
Q

Sunscreen Adverse effects

A

contact dermatits, photosensitivity.

64
Q

sunscreen D-D

A

benzocaines, sulfonamides, thiazides

65
Q

Vit D3 uses

A

used in place of topical glucocorticoids.

66
Q

Vit D3 advantage

A

no thinning of skin, same affect as topical glucocorticoids.

67
Q

Tetracyline uses

A

bacteriostatic to ricketts, Chlamydia, lyme disease, acne, PUD, anthrax

68
Q

Tetracycline Adverse effects

A

esophageal ulcers, suprainfection (C-diff), teeth browning, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, photosensitivity,

69
Q

Tetracycline D-F

A

dairy, Ca, Fe, Mg

70
Q

Clindamycin uses

A

used only for certain anaerobic infections outside CNS, widely used alternative to PCN

71
Q

Clindamycin Adverse Effects

A

high incedence of C-diff, hepatotoxicity,

72
Q

Chloramphenicol uses

A

only for life-threataning infections when no other drug works, readily crosses CSF

73
Q

Chloramphenicol adverse effects

A

Low therapeutic index, reversible bone marrow suppression, gray syndrome.

74
Q

Gentamycin uses

A

narrow spectrum, bactericidal for aerobic G- bacilli.

75
Q

Gentamycin ADME

A

poor CSF penetration, only IV or IM, binds to renal tissue, ototoxic, nephrotic.

76
Q

Gentamycin D-D

A

PCNs, Chephelosporins, Vancomycin, Ethacrynic Acid, skeletal muscle relaxants

77
Q

Neomycin special concerns

A

most nephrotic, never used IV or IM.

Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

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