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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

AEDs (anti-epileptic)

A

Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Gabapentin

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2
Q

Diuretics

A

Furosemide & Hydrochlorothiazide

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3
Q

ACE Inhibitors (prils)

A

Captopril

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4
Q

ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [the sartans])

A

Losartan

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5
Q

skin disorder drug therapy

A

Vit D-3, topical glucocorticoids, sunscreens, tretinoin, isotretinoin, methotrexate

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6
Q

Aminoglycocides

A

Gentamycin, neomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol

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7
Q

Beta blockers

A

Propranolol, metoprolol

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8
Q

adrenergic agents

A

chlonidine

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9
Q

CCBs

A

Nifedipine, verapamil

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10
Q

Diuretics MOA

A

Block Na reabsorption

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11
Q

Diuretics uses

A

treatment of HTN and edema, maintain urine flow and aids prevention of renal failure.

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12
Q

Furosimide Uses

A

pulmonary edema of CHF, Edematous states, HTN resistant to other diuretics, Hypercalcemia

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13
Q

Furosimide adverse effects

A

hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, HYPOTENSION, hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia

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14
Q

Furosimide D-D

A

digoxin, ototoxic drugs, K-sparing diuretics, antiHTN agents, NSAIDs

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15
Q

hydrochlorothiazide uses

A

treat HTN, treat Edema, and lowers urine output in Diabetes insipidus

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16
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

inneffective in low GFR,

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17
Q

hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects

A

exceptions: can use with ototoxics. AE: Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, HYPOTENSION, hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia

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18
Q

Phenytoin uses

A

treatment of pratial and tonic-clonic seizures & selected cardiac dysrhythmias

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19
Q

phenytoin dverse effects

A

sedation, nystagmus, diplopia, gingival hyperplasia, skin rash (stop therapy [SJS])

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20
Q

Phenytoin D-D

A

CNS depressants. Decreases effects of oral contrceptives, warfarin, and glococorticoids. these drugs increase Phenytoin levels: diazepam, isoniazid, cimetidine, EOTH, and valporic acid. THese drugs decrease Phenytoin levels: Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, chronic EOTH.

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21
Q

Phenytoin ADME

A

PO w/ food, susspensions, use caution with IV

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22
Q

Carbamazepine uses

A

treats epilepsy (not absence), bipolar dissorder, trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias

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23
Q

Carbamazepine adverse effects

A

nystagmus, ataxia, leukopenia, water excretion impaired (monitor Na), skin rash (SJS especially in Asians)

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24
Q

Carbamazepine D-D

A

decreases effect of warfarin and contaceptives, decreased by phenobarbital and phenytoin, increased by Grapefruit

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25
Carbamazepine Nsg considerations
minimal cog. impairment, give wtih food and the largest dose at night
26
Phenobarbital uses
epilepsy
27
phenobarbital adverse effects
sedation, physical depndance, riskets, osteomalacia, tolerance with continued use.
28
Gabapentin uses
80% of use is off-label for neuro pain, migrain, and hot flashes, approved to treat epilepsy or partial seizures
29
gabapentin adverse effects
somnolence, dizziness, peripheral edema, nystagmus
30
Captopril uses
HTN, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of MI or CVA.
31
Special benefits of ACE Inhibitors
DON'T interferre with heart reflexes, safe in asthma, DON'T cause hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, or hyperglycemia, DON'T cause lethargy, weakness or sexual dysfunction.
32
Captopril ADME
PO, don't take with food, Renal excretion
33
Captopril Adverse effects
1st dose hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, RF angioedema.
34
Captopril D-D
diuretics (withdraw 1wk prior), antiHTN agents, drugs that raise K levels, NSAIDs
35
Captopril D-F
salt substitutes
36
Losartan uses
slow progression of established renal disease, migraine, (no cough like ACE inhibitors)
37
Losartan ADME
PO, w/ or w/o food
38
Losartan adverse effects
1st dose hypotension, hyperkalemia, RF, angioedema (less than ACE Inhibitors)
39
Losartan D-D
antiHTN
40
verapamil uses
decreses HR, Increases coronary perfusion, relieves: primary HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, prevents migraine.
41
Verapamil adverse effects
constipation, dizziness, facial flushing, HA, edema, gingival hyperplasia, bradycardia.
42
verapamil D-D
digoxin, Beta-andrenergic blocking agents
43
verapamil D-F
grapefruit juice
44
verapamil toxicity
severe hypotension, TREATMENT:Calcium Gluconate, nor-epi...
45
Propranolol uses
management of: MI, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, migraine, glaucoma.
46
Propranolol adverse effects
bradycardia, AV heart block, precipitation of heart failure, reduced cardiac output, bronchoconstriction.
47
Propranolol precaustions/contraindications
DM, heart failure, AV block, bradycardia, asthma, bronchospasm, and depression.
48
Propranolol D-D
Calcium channel blockers (Verapamil), insulin
49
metoprolol uses
management of: MI, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, migraine, glaucoma
50
metoprolol adverse effects
block, precipitation of heart failure, reduced cardiac output, (NO BRONCHOCONSTRICTION)
51
Chlonidie uses
lowers BP & HR, can be used as adjunct in treatment of severe cancer pain.
52
Chonidine ADME
PO & patches. Effects start in 30 min, and can last 24 hrs.
53
Chlonidine Adverse Effects
rebound HTN w/ sudden withdrawal, drowsiness, dry mouth, embryotoxic, constipation, impotence.
54
Hydrocortisone uses
relief of itching in bites, burns, dermatits, psoriasis, eczema, and pemphigus
55
Hydrocortisone ADME
Relative potency, creams, gels, ointments, or combinations.
56
Hydrocortisone Adverse Effects
infection, irritation, atrophy, acne, hair growth, growth impairment.
57
Isotretinoin uses
treatement of severe acne
58
Isotretinoin adverse effects
nosebleed, inflamed lips/eyes, muscle/back pain, UV light sensitivity, increased triglycerides, highly teratenogenic.
59
Isotretinoin D-D
tetracuclines, avoid vit A
60
Isotretinoin D-F
food enhances absorption
61
suscreens protect against
sunburn, photosensitivity, photoaging, actinic keratoses, and squamous cell.
62
sunscreen ADME
SPF 30 or higher, Avobenzone only one that covers full UVA & UVB range.
63
Sunscreen Adverse effects
contact dermatits, photosensitivity.
64
sunscreen D-D
benzocaines, sulfonamides, thiazides
65
Vit D3 uses
used in place of topical glucocorticoids.
66
Vit D3 advantage
no thinning of skin, same affect as topical glucocorticoids.
67
Tetracyline uses
bacteriostatic to ricketts, Chlamydia, lyme disease, acne, PUD, anthrax
68
Tetracycline Adverse effects
esophageal ulcers, suprainfection (C-diff), teeth browning, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, photosensitivity,
69
Tetracycline D-F
dairy, Ca, Fe, Mg
70
Clindamycin uses
used only for certain anaerobic infections outside CNS, widely used alternative to PCN
71
Clindamycin Adverse Effects
high incedence of C-diff, hepatotoxicity,
72
Chloramphenicol uses
only for life-threataning infections when no other drug works, readily crosses CSF
73
Chloramphenicol adverse effects
Low therapeutic index, reversible bone marrow suppression, gray syndrome.
74
Gentamycin uses
narrow spectrum, bactericidal for aerobic G- bacilli.
75
Gentamycin ADME
poor CSF penetration, only IV or IM, binds to renal tissue, ototoxic, nephrotic.
76
Gentamycin D-D
PCNs, Chephelosporins, Vancomycin, Ethacrynic Acid, skeletal muscle relaxants
77
Neomycin special concerns
most nephrotic, never used IV or IM.

Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

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