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Clinical Parasitology, Mycology, Virology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Dematiaceous fungi general characteristic

A

mostly contaminants except for ICP
reverse of colony is usually jet black
dark colored molds
relatively fast growth

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2
Q

dematiaceous fungi list of organsims

A 
Aureobasidium sp.
Alternaria sp.
Curvularia sp.
Stemphylium sp.
Ulocladium sp.
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3
Q

Alternaria sp macro

A

3-5 days growth
cottony consistency w/ black color & a light border
reverse is black

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4
Q

Alternaria sp. micro

A

chains of muriform club-shaped (DRUM STICK) macroconidia (!)

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5
Q

Curvularia sp. macro

A

3-5 days growth

colony is green to brown w/ wooly consistency

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6
Q

Curvularia sp. micro

A

conidiophores are bent w/ multi-celled macroconidia w/ BOOMERANG shapes- due to the overgrowth of the center cells
divided by transverse septa

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7
Q

Cladophialophora carionii

A

most commonly associated w/ cerebral abscesses

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8
Q

cladophialophora carionii growth characteristics

A

10-14 days
cottony to velvety consistency
green to brown to black color
most strains do not grow well in temps > 37C

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9
Q

cladophialophora carionii microscopic characteristics

A

long, straight or branched chains of ellipical or lemon-shaped conidia borne from either tips of flask-shaped phialides or from the tips of the hyphae
fusiform shape w/ slightly pointed tips
dark disjuncture between conidia

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10
Q

Fonsescae pedrosoi

A

most common cause of superficial fungal chromomycosis

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11
Q

fonsecaea pedrosoi growth characteristics

A

12-14 growth
small colonies & button-like
colors : brown to olive to black

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12
Q

fonescaea pedrosoi microscopic

A

short phialides give rise to single or short chains of elliptical conidia
2 types of sporulation:
fonsecaea (acrotheca) & rhinocladiella

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13
Q

Phialophora verrucosum

A

found to cause chromomycosis

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14
Q

phialophora verrucosum growth

A

7-20 days
wooly, cottony or velvety consistency
olive green, brown, or black
black reverse

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15
Q

phiaophora verrucosum microscopic

A

short, flask or VASE-SHAPED PHIALIDES

thin-walled, dark staining, elliptical conidia terminate in a popbottle-shaped collarette

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16
Q

philalophora sporulation

A

produced laterally from the hyphae

short, urn-shaped & produce ball like aggregates of spherical, dark conidia from cup-shaped collarettes

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17
Q

phialophora (exophiala) sporulation

A

long & tapered phialides

from the tips of collarettes, elliptical-shaped conidia from loose clusters or fall along the sides of the phialide

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18
Q

Cladosporium sporulation

A

straight or branching phialides produce chains of dark-staining, elliptical conidia that are attached by a dark staining scar or dysjunctor

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19
Q

Acdrotheca sporulation

A

short, straight or branched phialides are produced sympodially from the hyphae producing short chains of elliptical conidia

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20
Q

rhinocladiella sporulation

A

dark-staining, elliptical conidia attached by short, hair-like denticles are producued laterally & on either side of straight phialides

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21
Q

mycetoma

A

chronic, purulent infection of the subcutaneous tissue

usually on the foot or hands often extending into the underlying fascia, periosteum & bone

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22
Q

Chromomycosis

A

lesions appear initially @ sites of trauma or a penetrating puncture wound
can have satellitte lesions & varigated coloration

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23
Q

Dimorphic fungi general characteristics

A

colonies are generally slow growing (5-15 days)
@30C colonies have cobweb mycelium & focal areas of yeast conversion may be seen
relatively more pathogenic

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24
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast

A

8-15 um thick walled yeast cells w/ a single broad based bun

7-10 days @35C

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25
Q

blastomyces dermatitidis mold

A

ropelike septate hyphae w/ single-celled conidia @ tip of single conidiophore (LOLLIPOPS)
cobweb appearance of colonies

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26
Q

coccidioides immitis yeast

A

NO LABORATORY YEAST FORM

forms spherules w/ endospores in tissues

27
Q

coccidioides immitis mold

A

barrel-shaped arthroconidia (!) separated by empty staining spacess
colonies are usually gray-white w/ cobweb consistency

28
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

major pathogen of dimorphic fungi

29
Q

histoplasma capsulatum yeast

A

small w/ yellow hue
pseudocapsules seen in tissues
reproduction is by polar buds w/ daughter cells connected by a narrow isthmus

30
Q

histoplasma capsulatum mold

A

large TUBERCULATE, MACROCONIDIA w/ few microconidia
10-14 growth
white cobweb colonies

31
Q

Sporothrix schenckii yeast

A

single budding, elongated ‘CIGAR-BODIES’ blastoconidia (!)
growth may be rapid
initially cream white & darken w/ age ‘black yeast’

32
Q

sporothrix schenckii mold

A

oval conidia borne in a daisy head pattern from straight, tapered conidiophore ‘rosette’/’sleeve’ arrangement
PICTURE ID

33
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast

A

thick-walled yeast cells w/ multiple elongated, elliptical daughter buds ‘MARINER’S WHEEL’
VERY LARGE- do not confuse w/ histoplasma
gray or white colonies that become yellow/brown & wrinkled w/ age

34
Q

paracoccidioides brasiliensis mold

A

single clavate microconidia borne singly from short conidiophores (LOLLIPOPS) septate & branched hyphae w/ terminal chlamydospores

35
Q

histoplasma capsulatum endemic area & infection

A

ohio, mississippi river valley drainage
FOUND IN STARLING ROOSTS
pulmonary infection

36
Q

Sporothrix schenckii endemic area & infection

A

world-wide in decaying vegetative matter in temperate & tropical regions
found in sphagnum moss - rose handlers
puncturing the skin/cutaneous infection
‘rose gardeners disease’

37
Q

paracoccidioides immitis endemic area & infection site

A

central & south america

lungs

38
Q

Coccidioides immitis endemic area & infection site

A

south west US, SanJuakeen valley, mexico, central & south america
lungs - coccidioidomycosis

39
Q

blastomyces dermatitidis endemic area & infection site

A

southeast & ohio & mississippi river valleys & wisconsin & minnesota
moist soil & rotting leaves
lungs, cutaneous, disseminated, genitourinary

40
Q

4 ways to differentiate between diphasic molds & contaminants

A
  1. rate of growth
  2. growth on media that contains cyclohexamine
  3. presence of cobweb white mycelium
  4. yeast form
41
Q

Candida albicans

A

pseudohyphae (!)
reproduce via blastoconidia (!)
form thick-walled chlamydospores !!
germ tube positive!

42
Q

candida tropicalis

A

pseudohyphae w/ blastoconidia

43
Q

torulopsis glabrata

A

no pseudohyphae

44
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A

ENCAPSULATED YEAST
pseudohyphae are rarely seen (!)
distinctive brown color on bird seed agar due to production of phenoloxidase

45
Q

candida parapsilosis

A

pseudohyphae

giant cells

46
Q

rhodotorula

A

RED-PINK COLONY!
urease positive
AIDs patients

47
Q

Geotrichum

A

rectangle shaped arthroconidia (!)
‘hockey sticks’
produce germ tubes (look VERY different from candida albicans)

48
Q

tricosporon beigelii

A

waxy looking colony
produce blastoconidia - looks like rabbit ears
urease positive

49
Q

malassezia furfur

A

pityriasis versicolor
NEEDS TO BE GROWN IN THE PRESENCE OF LIPIDS- agar surface is coated in olive oil
usually seen in skin scrapings as opposed to culture
‘spaghetti & meatballs’

50
Q

sacchromyces cerevisiae

A

budding blastoconidia mixed w/ small spherical acid-fast staining ascospores
beer yeast

51
Q

candida ablicans clinical manifestation

A

everything- cutaneous, thrush, colitis, pulmonary, cystitis
endocarditis
disseminated

52
Q

candida tropicalis clinical manifestation

A

usually nonpathogenic

ICP

53
Q

torulopsis glabrata clinical manifestation

A

primary pathogen in the urinary tract

54
Q

cryptococcus neoformans clinical manifestation

A

meningits
respiratory issues
can lead to progressive fibrosis & cutaneous issues
ocular & disseminated

55
Q

candida parapsilosis clinical manifestation

A

endocarditis

bone marrow transplants

56
Q

3 laboratory tests that aid in the ID of yeasts

A
  1. germ tube test - diagnostic for candida albicans
  2. CHO assimilation test
  3. ascospore formation - saccromyceses
57
Q

3 lab tests that aid in the ID of cryptococcus

A
  1. caffeic acid ferric citrate test - positive for crypto
  2. niger seed (bird seed) agar- brown for crypto bc of phenoloxylate enzyme
  3. urease test - crypto is positive
58
Q

virus structure

A

DNA or RNA
capsid - protein coat
nucleocapsid - genome & its protein coat together
envelope

59
Q

steps of viral infection

A 
absorption/attachment
penetration
uncoating
replication & translation
assembly & maturation
release/egress - lysis if naked virus & budding if enveloped
60
Q

collection for virus specimen

A

right before & at onset of symptoms
collect within 3 days of symptoms
aspirated secretions
swabs - no calicum aglinate

61
Q

sample processing

A

best cultured immediately
refrigerate if necessary @ 4C
freeze only if longer than 4 days & only at -70C

62
Q

3 major methods of diagnosis

A
  1. direct detection of virus in clinical specimen
  2. isolation of the virus in cell culture
  3. serologic assays to detect viral antibodies
63
Q

viral transport medium

A

buffered isotonioc solution w/ a protein (albumin, gelatin or serum) to protect less stable viruses; sometimes w/ antibiotics to inhibit contamination
samples should be kept moist

64
Q

direct detection of virus

A

cytopathic effect (CPE) from cell scrapins - brightfield light microscopy
direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining
enzyme immunoassays
nucleic acid-based assays

Clinical Parasitology, Mycology, Virology (3 decks)

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