Final Flashcards
What kind of approaches in therapy have demonstrated success in treating depression, eating disorders, several anxiety disorders, treating sexual offenders and those who suffer from schizophrenia?
Cognitive behavioral approaches
What is the inner sense within a person, which guides him or her in the directions of growth and health? (ex. the inner vague feeling that choosing a certain career, or a certain love partner, would be wrong for you, even if everyone else approves of that choice
Organismic Valuing Process (intuition)
What is consciousness?
A chaos of ideas in an undisciplined mind. Also knows as the “drunken monkey”
What is the sense in which the individual is dependent on others to take action on his or her belief?
Proxy efficacy
What are the three parts of the self?
Ideal self, real self, & incongruence
What is the positive trend toward growth that Rogers saw motivating human beings? The desire to grow, express, and activate all one’s capacities.
The actualizing tendency
What is motivation to perform an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than a means to some other goal? (ex. playing a guitar for fun)
Intrinsic Motivation
What process means wanting the behavior? Deciding whether it is worthwhile to behave as a model has behaved
Motivational Process
What does the second noble truth (Samudaya/samsara) state?
There is a cause for suffering. The source of suffering is craving or attachment to desire. Addiction is the prime example. The consequences of ignorant craving and consequent bad behavior cause continued suffering.
What is failure to regulate one’s behavior to live up to high moral standards? ex. • Convincing themselves that there is far worse behavior • Cheating because “everyone is doing it” • Rename the behavior to reduce the impact of their choice morally (ex. I’m not littering I’m throwing the trash out the window to keep my car clean)
Moral disengagement
What are standards that a person is expected to live up to in order to gain praise or acceptance or love?
Conditions of worth
What is the Buddhist term for absence of self?
Anatta
What term sees the person, environment, and behavior as having multiple influences on one another?
Reciprocal Determinism
What conveys the wisdom that reality, if accepted, produces positive emotional and spiritual change?
Four Noble Truths
What is the ideal self v. the real self?
Incongruence
What are the three types of efficacy? What do they share?
Self, collective, & proxy They share the belief that effective action can be taken.
Self actualization is a _____
B need
What is the first theory regarding therapy to be empirically researched?
Person-centered theory
Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and Belongingness needs, & Esteem needs are all ______
D - needs
What is a spiritual teacher who may offer specific spiritual practices to develop awareness?
A Guru
What process means observing the behavior? Behavior must be seen to be learned if it is not seen it is not learned
Attentional Process
What is the sense that a group that do what is to be done? The group develops a belief about its power.
Collective efficacy
What is finding something about the client to value?
Prizing
What models control rewards?
Controller (teacher) models
What is therapy based on the belief that the person seeking help is the best judge of the direction that will lead to growth?
Client-Centered Therapy
What are all these cognitive processes that we factor in when choosing a course of action; personal constructs that people use to describe themselves; cognitive structures and sub-functions for perceiving, evaluating and regulation behavior?
The self-system
What is who you truly are before you start rejecting your real feelings and intuition ? This holds the actualizing tendency
Real self
What is a construct that predicts better mental and physical health, socially responsible behavior, higher worker productivity?
Happiness
What represents the annihilation of selfhood, with all its attachments and suffering?
Nirvana
Buddhists see anger as being in a ______
Hell realm
What process means remembering the behavior? Remembering what a model has done
Retention Process
What are higher order needs?
B-Needs (Being)
What focuses on strength to survive stressful situations or those in which one is mistreated?
Resiliency
What parents offer much affection and unconditional acceptance to their children, teaching them the value of caring for others and being thoughtful in their interactions with other?
Authoritative Parents
What is a behavior change that results from exposure to models?
Modeling
What is the way of the elders? Simple living
Theravada Buddhism
The key similarity between Maslow’s theory and positive psychology is
The emphasis on immediate experiences as an aspect of healthy functioning
What are dictator like parents? They stress obedience and respect for adults
Authoritarian Parents
One big step in self-regulation is the choice of a _______
Goal
What are lower order needs?
D-Needs (Deficiency Needs)
What is the general tendency in all nature to move towards development? (ex. plant’s innate tendency to grow even in poor soil, ex. a person’s tendency toward self-actualization)
Formative Tendency
Buddhists teach that life is ______, meaning things are constantly changing.
Transitory
Who receives rewards?
Consumer (learner) models
What emphasizes universality and freedom from suffering and compassion?
Mahayana Buddhism
What perspective focuses on the value of personal growth and healthier aspects of human experience such as spirituality, creativity and tolerance?
Humanistic perspective
What is the degree to which one lives in the present with full awareness, contact and full feeling reactivity?
Time Competence
What does the third noble truth (nirodha) state?
There is a state of mind free from suffering. By stopping the cravings, the suffering is stopped. Detachment from craving is the key. Can be achieved thru meditation
_______ (more science) is the science version of the humanist perspective (ideology)
Positive Psychology
What is the true nature of things?
The Dharma
What is the idea that existence is continuous?
Rebirth
What does the fourth noble truth (marga) state?
There is a way to end suffering. To end suffering we must end our cravings. The way to ending cravings is the Eightfold Path.
What contains the potential for optimal growth?
True self
What means doing work in ways that make it difficult to succeed?
Self-Handicapping
What means the model may receive rewards and the learner believes that similar rewards may come to him?
Vicarious Reinforcement
High self-efficacy beliefs are related to very _____ behavior toward a goal
Persistant
What process means doing the behavior? The learner must have the ability to do the behavior
Motor Reproduction Process
What is the name of the path that can help end suffering (not 8-fold)?
The Middle Way
What are the three pillars of positive psych?
positive subjective experiences, positive traits and positive institutions
What is believing one can organize and execute the necessary behaviors in a situation in order to be successful / deal with the situation at hand?
Self-Efficacy (confidence)
Who is the leader of the group which does not direct the group in a structured way? Mostly there to keep the environment safe and facilitate expression of feelings of the group members.
Facilitator
What involves recognizing the true nature of things and the path to Buddhahood (finding one’s true nature)
Awakening
What is unconditional love which allows for the child to explore their potentials?
Unconditional Positive regard
Who found enlightenment while meditating under a tree?
Siddhartha Gautama
Who’s theory was about cognitive social learning? This theory emphasizes learned behaviors and cognitions that are developed through experience. He emphasizes modeling as a way of learning by observing others, and criticizes culture for providing inappropriate (aggressive) models.
Bandura
What is Maslow’s conceptualization of a perfect society? Highly developed people can find unique solutions to problems that more polarized people have struggled with to no avail. Even self-actualized people are not perfect yet they have awareness of their failings
Eupsychia
What are group therapy session group members express empathy, wisdom, support and gentle confrontation?
Encounter Groups
What are beliefs that if the person does the behavior successfully, it will result in positive outcomes?
Outcome expectations
What is also known as the humanistic approach which was developed as a rebellion against behaviorists and psychodynamic theorists?
Third Force Psychology
Who is “the awakened one?”
Buddha
What is what you aspire to be?
Ideal self
What are the consequences of choices?
Karma
What means to wake up?
Buddhi
What is the essence of humanness in which people act with intention, forethought, self-adjustment and thoughtfulness?
Human Agency
What does the first noble truth (dukkha) state?
Life is full of suffering and it comes in many forms. Dukkha can be compared to basic anxiety.
What added the idea of a guru or a teacher?
Tibetan Buddhism
What is not due to a greater power, but due to one’s own search?
Enlightenment
What means that the therapist has empathy for the client by understanding the subjective experience of the client?
Empathetic Understanding
What measures the attitudes and values relating to the construct of self-actualization?
Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)
What is a central concept in Buddhism? It also includes empathy or social interest.
Compassion
What proposes that people innately have three important psychological needs: competence, autonomy, relatedness?
Self Determination Theory (SDT)
