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Theories of Personality > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of approaches in therapy have demonstrated success in treating depression, eating disorders, several anxiety disorders, treating sexual offenders and those who suffer from schizophrenia?

A

Cognitive behavioral approaches

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2
Q

What is the inner sense within a person, which guides him or her in the directions of growth and health? (ex. the inner vague feeling that choosing a certain career, or a certain love partner, would be wrong for you, even if everyone else approves of that choice

A

Organismic Valuing Process (intuition)

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2
Q

What is consciousness?

A

A chaos of ideas in an undisciplined mind. Also knows as the “drunken monkey”

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3
Q

What is the sense in which the individual is dependent on others to take action on his or her belief?

A

Proxy efficacy

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the self?

A

Ideal self, real self, & incongruence

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4
Q

What is the positive trend toward growth that Rogers saw motivating human beings? The desire to grow, express, and activate all one’s capacities.

A

The actualizing tendency

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4
Q

What is motivation to perform an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than a means to some other goal? (ex. playing a guitar for fun)

A

Intrinsic Motivation

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5
Q

What process means wanting the behavior? Deciding whether it is worthwhile to behave as a model has behaved

A

Motivational Process

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6
Q

What does the second noble truth (Samudaya/samsara) state?

A

There is a cause for suffering. The source of suffering is craving or attachment to desire. Addiction is the prime example. The consequences of ignorant craving and consequent bad behavior cause continued suffering.

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7
Q

What is failure to regulate one’s behavior to live up to high moral standards? ex. • Convincing themselves that there is far worse behavior • Cheating because “everyone is doing it” • Rename the behavior to reduce the impact of their choice morally (ex. I’m not littering I’m throwing the trash out the window to keep my car clean)

A

Moral disengagement

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7
Q

What are standards that a person is expected to live up to in order to gain praise or acceptance or love?

A

Conditions of worth

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7
Q

What is the Buddhist term for absence of self?

A

Anatta

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8
Q

What term sees the person, environment, and behavior as having multiple influences on one another?

A

Reciprocal Determinism

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8
Q

What conveys the wisdom that reality, if accepted, produces positive emotional and spiritual change?

A

Four Noble Truths

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9
Q

What is the ideal self v. the real self?

A

Incongruence

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10
Q

What are the three types of efficacy? What do they share?

A

Self, collective, & proxy They share the belief that effective action can be taken.

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10
Q

Self actualization is a _____

A

B need

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11
Q

What is the first theory regarding therapy to be empirically researched?

A

Person-centered theory

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11
Q

Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and Belongingness needs, & Esteem needs are all ______

A

D - needs

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11
Q

What is a spiritual teacher who may offer specific spiritual practices to develop awareness?

A

A Guru

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12
Q

What process means observing the behavior? Behavior must be seen to be learned if it is not seen it is not learned

A

Attentional Process

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13
Q

What is the sense that a group that do what is to be done? The group develops a belief about its power.

A

Collective efficacy

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14
Q

What is finding something about the client to value?

A

Prizing

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16
Q

What models control rewards?

A

Controller (teacher) models

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17
Q

What is therapy based on the belief that the person seeking help is the best judge of the direction that will lead to growth?

A

Client-Centered Therapy

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18
Q

What are all these cognitive processes that we factor in when choosing a course of action; personal constructs that people use to describe themselves; cognitive structures and sub-functions for perceiving, evaluating and regulation behavior?

A

The self-system

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19
Q

What is who you truly are before you start rejecting your real feelings and intuition ? This holds the actualizing tendency

A

Real self

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19
Q

What is a construct that predicts better mental and physical health, socially responsible behavior, higher worker productivity?

A

Happiness

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20
Q

What represents the annihilation of selfhood, with all its attachments and suffering?

A

Nirvana

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21
Q

Buddhists see anger as being in a ______

A

Hell realm

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23
Q

What process means remembering the behavior? Remembering what a model has done

A

Retention Process

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24
Q

What are higher order needs?

A

B-Needs (Being)

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25
Q

What focuses on strength to survive stressful situations or those in which one is mistreated?

A

Resiliency

26
Q

What parents offer much affection and unconditional acceptance to their children, teaching them the value of caring for others and being thoughtful in their interactions with other?

A

Authoritative Parents

27
Q

What is a behavior change that results from exposure to models?

A

Modeling

28
Q

What is the way of the elders? Simple living

A

Theravada Buddhism

29
Q

The key similarity between Maslow’s theory and positive psychology is

A

The emphasis on immediate experiences as an aspect of healthy functioning

30
Q

What are dictator like parents? They stress obedience and respect for adults

A

Authoritarian Parents

31
Q

One big step in self-regulation is the choice of a _______

A

Goal

32
Q

What are lower order needs?

A

D-Needs (Deficiency Needs)

33
Q

What is the general tendency in all nature to move towards development? (ex. plant’s innate tendency to grow even in poor soil, ex. a person’s tendency toward self-actualization)

A

Formative Tendency

34
Q

Buddhists teach that life is ______, meaning things are constantly changing.

A

Transitory

35
Q

Who receives rewards?

A

Consumer (learner) models

36
Q

What emphasizes universality and freedom from suffering and compassion?

A

Mahayana Buddhism

38
Q

What perspective focuses on the value of personal growth and healthier aspects of human experience such as spirituality, creativity and tolerance?

A

Humanistic perspective

38
Q

What is the degree to which one lives in the present with full awareness, contact and full feeling reactivity?

A

Time Competence

39
Q

What does the third noble truth (nirodha) state?

A

There is a state of mind free from suffering. By stopping the cravings, the suffering is stopped. Detachment from craving is the key. Can be achieved thru meditation

40
Q

_______ (more science) is the science version of the humanist perspective (ideology)

A

Positive Psychology

40
Q

What is the true nature of things?

A

The Dharma

41
Q

What is the idea that existence is continuous?

A

Rebirth

42
Q

What does the fourth noble truth (marga) state?

A

There is a way to end suffering. To end suffering we must end our cravings. The way to ending cravings is the Eightfold Path.

44
Q

What contains the potential for optimal growth?

A

True self

45
Q

What means doing work in ways that make it difficult to succeed?

A

Self-Handicapping

47
Q

What means the model may receive rewards and the learner believes that similar rewards may come to him?

A

Vicarious Reinforcement

49
Q

High self-efficacy beliefs are related to very _____ behavior toward a goal

A

Persistant

50
Q

What process means doing the behavior? The learner must have the ability to do the behavior

A

Motor Reproduction Process

51
Q

What is the name of the path that can help end suffering (not 8-fold)?

A

The Middle Way

52
Q

What are the three pillars of positive psych?

A

positive subjective experiences, positive traits and positive institutions

54
Q

What is believing one can organize and execute the necessary behaviors in a situation in order to be successful / deal with the situation at hand?

A

Self-Efficacy (confidence)

55
Q

Who is the leader of the group which does not direct the group in a structured way? Mostly there to keep the environment safe and facilitate expression of feelings of the group members.

A

Facilitator

55
Q

What involves recognizing the true nature of things and the path to Buddhahood (finding one’s true nature)

A

Awakening

57
Q

What is unconditional love which allows for the child to explore their potentials?

A

Unconditional Positive regard

58
Q

Who found enlightenment while meditating under a tree?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

59
Q

Who’s theory was about cognitive social learning? This theory emphasizes learned behaviors and cognitions that are developed through experience. He emphasizes modeling as a way of learning by observing others, and criticizes culture for providing inappropriate (aggressive) models.

A

Bandura

60
Q

What is Maslow’s conceptualization of a perfect society? Highly developed people can find unique solutions to problems that more polarized people have struggled with to no avail. Even self-actualized people are not perfect yet they have awareness of their failings

A

Eupsychia

62
Q

What are group therapy session group members express empathy, wisdom, support and gentle confrontation?

A

Encounter Groups

63
Q

What are beliefs that if the person does the behavior successfully, it will result in positive outcomes?

A

Outcome expectations

65
Q

What is also known as the humanistic approach which was developed as a rebellion against behaviorists and psychodynamic theorists?

A

Third Force Psychology

67
Q

Who is “the awakened one?”

A

Buddha

69
Q

What is what you aspire to be?

A

Ideal self

70
Q

What are the consequences of choices?

A

Karma

71
Q

What means to wake up?

A

Buddhi

72
Q

What is the essence of humanness in which people act with intention, forethought, self-adjustment and thoughtfulness?

A

Human Agency

73
Q

What does the first noble truth (dukkha) state?

A

Life is full of suffering and it comes in many forms. Dukkha can be compared to basic anxiety.

74
Q

What added the idea of a guru or a teacher?

A

Tibetan Buddhism

75
Q

What is not due to a greater power, but due to one’s own search?

A

Enlightenment

76
Q

What means that the therapist has empathy for the client by understanding the subjective experience of the client?

A

Empathetic Understanding

77
Q

What measures the attitudes and values relating to the construct of self-actualization?

A

Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)

79
Q

What is a central concept in Buddhism? It also includes empathy or social interest.

A

Compassion

80
Q

What proposes that people innately have three important psychological needs: competence, autonomy, relatedness?

A

Self Determination Theory (SDT)

Theories of Personality (6 decks)

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