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Linguistics > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Definition (Denotation) or Entailment

A

one thing entails another, if something says a, then b must also be the case. I.E. If I tell you that something is a horse, that entails that it is an animal

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2
Q

Association (connotation)

A

 when we hear “criminal”, definition says that it is anyone that breaks the law (speeding ticket), but connotation says that a criminal is someone who has done extremely bad things

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3
Q

Meaning as Lexical Relationship

A

characterizing a word in terms of its relation to other words rather than its own components or features

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4
Q

synonymy

A

2 words with similar features

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5
Q

Antonymy

A

2 words with opposite meanings

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6
Q

Gradable

A

lots of intermediary points to measure when something is more of something along scale between opposites- ex: short and tall- most are adjectives, some are verbs. Big and small can be bigger and smaller.

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7
Q

Non-gradable

A

alive and dead. You cant get any more dead or alive. one or the other

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8
Q

Relational opposites

A

teacher and student, leasee and renter

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9
Q

Homophony

A

pale and pail, bare and bear

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10
Q

Homonymy

A

different and unrelated meanings, bank and bank, pupil and pupil or bear and bear

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11
Q

polysemy

A

different meanings are related. Run- a person and water.

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12
Q

hyponomy

A

subordinate type of something. Robin is a sub category of bird

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13
Q

scripts

A

talking about the tickets I got this week because its general conference

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14
Q

Metaphors

A

concrete item to understand abstract idea. she had a cow, flipped her lid, nurish seed of faith, hold to the rod

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15
Q

Symantic Collocation

A

certain words just cluster together. prophet seer and revelator, he was blown to smitherings

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16
Q

marked communication

A

shout, yell, whisper

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17
Q

Pragmatics

A

consideration of meaning with in its full context

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18
Q

Deixis

A

time, place and person critical to understanding
pronouns (i, me, you, he, she, they)
demonstratives(this, that, these, those)
time expressions(now, then, a few days ago)
place expressions(there, here, left and right, come bring go and take)

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19
Q

Presuppositions

A

assumptions made to those we speak or write to

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20
Q

Triggers of presuppositions

A

wh questions and how

Factive verbs: know, realize,comprehend,be aware that, blanks fault that…

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21
Q

Iteratives

A

again, still, another, something else, too, either

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22
Q

Change state of Predicate

A

have you STOPPED cheating in class?
continue
keep

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23
Q

Temporal Clauses

A

AFTER she came to the party
BEFORE you finish
WHEN you buy my house

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24
Q

Possesive Pronouns

A

Her house is ugly

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25
Q

Comparatives

A

he is MORE angry now than last night

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26
Q

Counter Factual Constructions

A

If i were you, I would….but i am not haha

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27
Q

marked expression

A

Tell me, how did you LOVE my movie last night?

28
Q

marked expression

A

Tell me, how did you LOVE my movie last night?

29
Q

marked expression

A

Tell me, how did you LOVE my movie last night?

30
Q

Direct Speech Act

A

has a form that matches the function that we would expect

31
Q

Indirect

A

Hand me my i phone so i can listen to my music(it is loud so shut up)

32
Q

Implicature

A

Mary had a baby and got married. Still true even if you switch the order

33
Q

Implicature

A

Mary had a baby and got married. Still true even if you switch the order

34
Q

Cooperative Principle

A

If hearer is mad, they will not talk back to you normally

35
Q

Gricean Maxims

A

bonafide communication(good faith)

36
Q

Quantity

A

informative as necessary, no more, no less. Does your dog bite?

37
Q

Qualtiy

A

dont lie

38
Q

relation

A

oh by the way, the professor has a nice garden

39
Q

manner

A

clear, breif and to the point:tell directions in order

40
Q

only violate maxims when

A

speaker clearly signals violation

hearer can be expected to figure out intended meaning

41
Q

Framing

A

Interpret based on what you are seeing

42
Q

Relationship and Role of speaker

A

police officer asks for a woman in a red coat

43
Q

Norm of Civil Inattention

A

elevator

Can be violated if: wedding dress, red head similarity or baby/pet

44
Q

Values of Society

A 
Egalitarian society-dont brag or tell people what to do
Dont ask for things
Dont join into conversations
Dont cause others to lose face in public
Agreeable and not fight
45
Q

Mechanics of Conversation

A

Turn Taking
Utterance Pairs( Ilove you)
Conversations Repairs-JK
Opening and Closing Strategies

46
Q

Mechanics of Conversation

A

Turn Taking
Utterance Pairs( Ilove you)
Conversations Repairs-JK
Opening and Closing Strategies

47
Q

Common Nouns

A

count-many and fewer(dog, pencil

Non-count:much and less(furniture

48
Q

Lexical Ambiguity

A

he saw the bat

49
Q

sturctural ambiguity

A

old men and women(old men and old women or just old men and not old women)

50
Q

Why Linguistic Trees

A

Linear order of words
Show grouping of words into structural constituants
See syntactic category of each structural constituant

51
Q

Why Linguistic Trees

A

Linear order of words
Show grouping of words into structural constituants
See syntactic category of each structural constituant

52
Q

Idiolects

A

own personal dialect mad up of vocabulary, pauses and structure

53
Q

Regional Dialects

A

caused by mountains, rivers etc

54
Q

NORM

A

non mobile, older, rural and males

55
Q

Isoglass

A

boundary between 1 dialect change

56
Q

Dialectal Boundary

A

a bunch of isoglass occur same space

57
Q

Social Dialect

A

Education, Job, Age, Gender, Ethinc Background, Religion, Politics

58
Q

Social Dialect

A

Education, Job, Age, Gender, Ethinc Background, Religion, Politics

59
Q

Pidgens

A

small vocab, lack of tense, alck of native speakers

60
Q

Creols

A

native speakers, more complexity

61
Q

Code Switching

A

switch between dialects:missionaries

62
Q

modal verbs

A

can, could, would, should, shall, may, must, might, will

63
Q

BE verbs

A

is, am, are, was, were

64
Q

HAVE verbs

A

have, has, had

65
Q

DO verbs

A

do, does, did

Linguistics (8 decks)

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