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Clinical Pathology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Glucose: Test

A

Fasted Sample

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2
Q

Blood Glucose: Sources

A

Intestinal Absorption (except ruminants), hepatic production, kidney production

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3
Q

Blood Glucose: Regulation

A

Insulin, glucocorticoids, Catecholamines, glucagon, growth hormone

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4
Q

Insulin: Effects

A

dec. blood glucose - inc. tissue uptake and liver glycogen storage, inhibits liver gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

Glucocorticoids: Effects

A

Inc. blood glucose - promote hepatic gluconeogenesis, inhibits insulin binding and action

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6
Q

Catecholamines: Effects

A

inc. blood glucose - inc. hepatic glycogenolysis, inhibit, insulin secretion and action, stimulate glucagon secretion

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7
Q

Glucagon: Effects

A

Inc. blood glucose - inc. hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, inhibits insulin binding and action

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8
Q

Growth Hormone: Effects

A

inc. blood glucose - inhibits cellular glucose uptake and insulin action, inc. hepatic gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

Hypoglycemia: Causes

A

inc. insulin levels (insulinoma, iatrogenic), sepsis, hepatic failure (dec. gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis)

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10
Q

Hyperglycemia: Causes

A

glucocorticoids, catecholamines, diabetes melitus, post-prandial, pancreatitis, hormone imbalance, antifreeze toxicity

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11
Q

What is glucosuria?

A

BG exceeds renal threshold -or- isn’t reabsorbed

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12
Q

Glucosuria: Causes

A

Diabetes Melitus, renal tubular dz

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13
Q

Hyperglycemia: Tests

A

Fructosamine, glucose tolerance test

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14
Q

Exocrine Pancreas: Tests

A

Amylase (not good), Lipase (not good), TLI, PLI

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15
Q

Maldigestion: Causes

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

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16
Q

Maldigestion: Signs

A

voluminous, poorly formed stool, wt loss

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17
Q

Malabsorption: Causes

A

severe, diffuse intestinal dz

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18
Q

Malabsorption: Signs

A

voluminous, poorly formed, gray feces, wt loss, hypoproteinemia

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19
Q

EPI: Tests

A

TLI (blood test)

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20
Q

Malabsorption: Tests

A

Folate, B12

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21
Q

Malabsorption: Folate and B12 dec.

A

generalized malabsorption (EPI can mimic)

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22
Q

Malabsorption: Folate dec. only

A

proximal SI defect

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23
Q

Malabsorption: B12 dec. only

A

distal SI defect

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24
Q

Malabsorption: Folate inc., B12 dec

A

bacterial overgrowth

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25
Q

Lipids normally present in blood

A

Triglycerides, cholesterol, lipoproteins

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26
Q

Primary Hyperlipidemia: Cause

A

inherited disorder (mini schnauzers)

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27
Q

Secondary Hyperlipidemia: Causes

A

hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocoricism, pancreatitis, hepatic dz, nephrotic syndrome

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28
Q

Primary Hyperlipidemia: results

A

Chronic => pancreatitis and seizures

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29
Q

Hypothyroidism - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

inc. cholesterol => vascular dz => neurologic/cardiac abnormalities

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30
Q

Diabetes Mellitus - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

inc. triglycerides, choleterol

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31
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proeinuria, edema/ascites

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32
Q

Hypolipidemia: Causes

A

Liver failure, maldigestion/absorption, PLE, starvation

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33
Q

Hyponatremia: Causes

A

Loss of Na - GI, renal, cutaneous, 3rd space;
Shifts - plasma hyperosmolality;
inc. extracellular H2O - edema;
dec intake

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34
Q

Hyponatremia: Results

A

hypoosmolality, cellular edema

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35
Q

Hypernatremia: Causes

A

dehydration - dec. intake, inc. loss

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36
Q

Hypochloremia: Causes

A

dec. Na, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (vomiting, pyloric obstruction), sweating in horses

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37
Q

Corrected Cl Formula

A

corrected = Cl meausred x (Na normal mean/Na meausred)

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38
Q

Hypochloremia: Paradoxical Aciduria

A

Reabsorbs Na+ to correct dehydration

Reabsorbs HCO3- instead of Cl- (electoneutrality)

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39
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkaleia

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40
Q

Hyperkalemia: Causes

A

failure of renal excretion, redistribution, inc. intake

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41
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/olicuria, urethral obtruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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42
Q

Hyperkalemia - Redistribution: Causes

A

inorganic acidosis, insulin deficiency, severe muscle trauma

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43
Q

Hypokalemia: Causes

A

dec. intake, loss (GI, Renal, horse sweat), redistribution

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44
Q

Hypokalemia: Results

A

weakness, neurologic/cardiac abnormalities

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45
Q

Serum Osmolality Formula

A

Osmolality = 2Na + (BUN/2.8) + (glucose/18)

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46
Q

Osmole Gap Significance

A

indicates unaccountable osmole (toxin)

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47
Q

High Anion Gap: Causes

A

Ketones
Lactate
Uremic Acids (phosphates Sulphates)
Ethylene glycol (other toxins)

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48
Q

T4: Effects

A

inc. metabolic rate, O2 consumption, HR and contractility; stim. erythropoiesis, catabolize muscle and adipose

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49
Q

What are the ideal Thyroid Function Tests for a cat and dog?

A

Dog - TT4, FT4, TSH

Cat - TT4, FT4

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50
Q

Thyroid Function Test: TT4 Methods

A

Radioimmunoassay, snap ELISA

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51
Q

Thyroid Function Test: FT4 Methods

A

equilibrium dialysis, radioimmunoassay

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52
Q

Thyroid Function Test: TSH

A

immunoradiometric, chemiluminescent, ELISA

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53
Q

Primary Hypothyroidism: Cause

A

Autoimmune Dz

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54
Q

Hypothyroidism: Signs

A

wt. gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia, alopecia, poor hair coat

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55
Q

Hypothyroidism: CBC/Chem Results

A

non-regenerative anemia,

hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia

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56
Q

Hypothyroidism: Thyroid Panel Results

A

dec. TT4
dec. FT4
inc. TSH (dec. if secondary hypothyroidism)

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57
Q

What is Euthyroid Sick Syndrome?

A

secondary dec. in TT4 in sick patients.

FT4 and TSH are still normal

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58
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Causes

A

functional adenoma/hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma

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59
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Signs

A

palpable thyroid slip, tachycardia, polyphagia, hyperacitvity

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60
Q

Hyperthyroidism: CBC/Chem Results

A

polycythemia, heinz-body formation (non-hemolytic), stress leukogram,
inc. ALT, azotemia (may be masked

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61
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Panel Results

A

inc. TT4

inc. FT4 (if needed)

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62
Q

PTH: Function

A

inc. plasma Ca, dec. plasma P

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63
Q

PTH: Effects

A

bone reabsorption, renal reabsorption, calcitriol (vit D) formation, inc. Ca absorption in GI, inc. P secretion in urine

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64
Q

Hyperparathyroidism: Cause

A

parathyroid adenoma

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65
Q

Hyperparathyroidism: Chem Results

A

hypercalcemia, hypophosphotemia, inc. PTH

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66
Q

Hypoparathyroidism: Causes

A

lymphocytic parathyroidoisis, iatroghenic (thyroidectomy)

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67
Q

Hypoparathyroidism: Chem Results

A

hypocalcemia, hypophosphotemia, low PTH

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68
Q

ADH: Effects

A

inc. renal reabsorption of water

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69
Q

Diabetes Insipidus: Types

A

central (dec. ADH), nephrogenic (dec. response to ADH)

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70
Q

Diabetes Insipidus: Signs

A

PU/PD, hyposthenuria

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71
Q

Diabetes Insipidus: Differential Tests

A

ADH response, water deprivation, modified water deprivation

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72
Q

ADH Response Test: Method

A

administer desmopressin (ADH mimic), monitor SG

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73
Q

ADH Response Test: Results

A

if urine concentrates => CDI

if urine doesn’t concentrate => NDI

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74
Q

Water Deprivation Test: Method

A

dehydrate the animal

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75
Q

Water Deprivation Test: Result

A

If urine concentrates => psychogenic PD

If urine doesn’t concentrate => DI

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76
Q

Adrenal Gland Zones (shallow-deep)

A

glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

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77
Q

Cortisol: Effect

A

fat redistribution, protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, insulin antagonism, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive

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78
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: Causes

A

Pituitary adenoma (PPDH), functional adrenal tumor (AT), iatrogenic

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79
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: PPDH Appearance

A

inc. ACTH, bilateral adrenal hypertrophy

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80
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: AT Appearance

A

unilateral adrenal tumor, opposite adrenal atrophy, dec. ACTH

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81
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: Iatrogenic Apperance

A

dec. ACTH, bilateral adrenal atrophy

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82
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: Signs

A

PU/PD, pot-bellied, muscle weakness, bilateral symmetrical alopecia, calcinosis cutis

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83
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: CBC/Chem Results

A

stress leukogram

inc. ALP, ALT, cholesterol
dec. BUN

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84
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: Diagnostic Tests

A

LDDS Test, ACTH stimulation Test

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85
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: Differentiating Tests

A

LDDS test, HDDS test, endogenous ACTH measurements, imaging

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86
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: Screening Tests

A

ALP activity, Urine cortisol: creatinine ratio

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87
Q

L/HDDS Test: Results

A

If 8hr sample is DEC. => normal
If 8hr sample is INC. => HAC
If 4hr sample is INC. => non-differential
If 4hr sample is DEC. => PPDH

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88
Q

ACTH Stim: Results

A

if inc. => HAC
if normal => normal
if flatline => iactrogenic

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89
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism: Causes

A

Primary - Immune mediated destruction

Secondary - destructive lesion

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90
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism: Signs

A

anorexia, lethargy, vomiting

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91
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism: CBC/Chem Results

A

non-regenerative anemia, lack of stress leukogram

pre-renal azotemia, inc. BUN, hypoglycemia, Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

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92
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism: Diagnostic Test

A

ACTH stim

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93
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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94
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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95
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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96
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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97
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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98
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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99
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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100
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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101
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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102
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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103
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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104
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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105
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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106
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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107
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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108
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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109
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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110
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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111
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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112
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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113
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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114
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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115
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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116
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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117
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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118
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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119
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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120
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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121
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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122
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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123
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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124
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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125
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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126
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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127
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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128
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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129
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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130
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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131
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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132
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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133
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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134
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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135
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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136
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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137
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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138
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proeinuria, edema/ascites

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139
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkaleia

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140
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/olicuria, urethral obtruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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141
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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142
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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143
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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144
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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145
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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146
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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147
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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148
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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149
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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150
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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151
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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152
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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153
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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154
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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155
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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156
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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157
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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158
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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159
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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160
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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161
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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162
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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163
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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164
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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165
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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166
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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167
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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168
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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169
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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170
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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171
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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172
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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173
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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174
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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175
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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176
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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177
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

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178
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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179
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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180
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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181
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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182
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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183
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

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184
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

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185
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

186
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

187
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

188
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

189
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

190
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

191
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

192
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

193
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

194
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

195
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

196
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

197
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

198
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

199
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

200
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

201
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

202
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

203
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

204
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

205
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

206
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

207
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

208
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

209
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

210
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

211
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

212
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

213
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

214
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

215
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

216
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

217
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

218
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

219
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

220
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

221
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

222
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

223
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

224
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

225
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

226
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

227
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

228
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

229
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

230
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

231
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proeinuria, edema/ascites

232
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkaleia

233
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/olicuria, urethral obtruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

234
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

235
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

236
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

237
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

238
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

239
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

240
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

241
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

242
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

243
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

244
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

245
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

246
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

247
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

248
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

249
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

250
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

251
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

252
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

253
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

254
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

255
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

256
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

257
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

258
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

259
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

260
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

261
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

262
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

263
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

264
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

265
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

266
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

267
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

268
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

269
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

270
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

271
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

272
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

273
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

274
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

275
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

276
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

277
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

278
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oliguria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

279
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

280
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

281
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

282
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

283
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

284
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

285
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

286
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

287
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

288
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

289
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

290
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

291
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

292
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

293
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

294
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

295
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

296
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

297
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

298
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

299
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

300
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

301
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

302
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

303
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

304
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

305
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

306
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

307
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

308
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

309
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

310
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

311
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

312
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

313
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

314
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

315
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

316
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

317
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

318
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

319
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

320
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

321
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

322
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

323
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

324
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proeinuria, edema/ascites

325
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkaleia

326
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/olicuria, urethral obtruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

327
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

328
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

329
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

330
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

331
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

332
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

333
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

334
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

335
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

336
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

337
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

338
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

339
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

340
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

341
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

342
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

343
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

344
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

345
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

346
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

347
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

348
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

349
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

350
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

351
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

352
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

353
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

354
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

355
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

356
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

357
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

358
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

359
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

360
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

361
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

362
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

363
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

364
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

365
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

366
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

367
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

368
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

369
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

370
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

371
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

372
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

373
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

374
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

375
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

376
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

377
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

378
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

379
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

380
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

381
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

382
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

383
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

384
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

385
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

386
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

387
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

388
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

389
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

390
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

391
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

392
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

393
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

394
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

395
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

396
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

397
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

398
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

399
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

400
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

401
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

402
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

403
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

404
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

405
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

406
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

407
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

408
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

409
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

410
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

411
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

412
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

413
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

414
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

415
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

416
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

417
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proeinuria, edema/ascites

418
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkaleia

419
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/olicuria, urethral obtruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

420
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

421
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

422
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

423
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

424
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

425
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

426
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

427
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

428
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

429
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

430
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

431
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

432
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

433
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

434
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

435
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

436
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

437
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

438
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

439
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

440
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

441
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

442
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

443
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

444
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

445
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

446
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

447
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

448
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

449
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

450
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

451
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

452
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

453
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

454
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

455
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

456
Q

Hyperkalemia - dec. Renal excretion: Causes

A

a/oligouria, urethral obstruction, ruptured UB, hypoadrenocorticism (dec. aldosterone), loop diuretics

457
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

458
Q

Hyperchloremia: Causes

A

inc. Na, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (GI bicarb loss), alkalemia

459
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

460
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

461
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome - Hyperlipidemia: Results

A

hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, edema/ascites

462
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism: AT Appearance

A

unilateral adrenal tumor, opposite adrenal atrophy, dec. ACTH

Clinical Pathology (3 decks)

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