Final Flashcards
most superficial layer of the skin
Epidermis
middle layer that contains blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers, and accessory organs of the skin
Dermis
deepest layer of the skin that contains connective tissue
Subcutaneous layer
rod like fibers made of dead protein cells filled with keratin
Hair
pil/i, pil/o, and trich/o
hair
thick areas of keratinized epithelium that provide cushioning and protection for the bones of the foot
Pads
keratin plates in dogs and cats
Nails and claws
onych/o
Nails and claws
sensitive tissue of the nail
quick
first digit of dogs and cats found on the inner side of the front legs
Dewclaws
removal of tissue for examination using a microscope
Biopsy
microscopic examination of skin for the presence of mites
Skin scrape
localized collection of pus
Abscess
skin inflammation caused by plugged sebaceous glands
Acne
bacterial skin disease that is worsened by licking and scratching; also called hot spot
Acute moist dermatitis
hair loss resulting in hairless patches or complete lack of hair
Alopecia
malignant tumor of the skin
Carcinoma
inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
autoimmune lesion of eosinophilic ulcer located on the lip of cats
Eosinophilic granuloma
inflammation of the skin caused by an allergic reaction to flea saliva
Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD)
live on the external surface of tissue
Ectoparasite
mite on surface of skin that is highly contagious and causes intense itching
Sarcoptic Mange (Scabies)
mite that lives deep in the skin, not contagious
Demodectic Mange (Demodex)
infestation by mite larvae that result in severe pruritis
Chiggers
: wingless parasitic insect, plural is lice
Louse
insect larvae especially found in dead or decaying tissue
Maggots
accidental cut into the skin
Laceration
benign growth of fat cells; also called fatty tumor
Lipoma
change of tissue, used to describe abnormalities
Lesion
benign skin growth that is lobed
Papilloma
itching
Pruritis
small, pus-filled skin elevation
Pustule
skin disease containing pus
Pyoderma
closed sac of yellow, fatty material
Sebaceous cyst
skin condition characterized by overproduction of sebum (oil)
Seborrhea
small growths that hang from the body by stalks
Skin tag
destruction of tissue using electric current, heat, or chemicals
Cauterization
removal of tissue and foreign material to aid healing
Debridement
ID
Intradermal
SQ
Subcutaneous
FAD
Flea Allergic Dermatitis
composed of ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones into the bloodstream
endocrine system
enter the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body to affect a variety of tissues and organs
Hormones
the master gland attached to the base of the brain that has control over other endocrine glands
pituitary gland
Regulates metabolism and iodine uptake
thyroid
regulates electrolytes, metabolism, sexual functions, and the body’s response to injury
adrenal gland
maintains blood glucose levels
pancreas
hormone that transports blood glucose into cells or storage
Insulin
glands that produce gametes (sex cells)
gonads
The ovaries secrete_____________ & ___________
estrogen, progesterone
The testes secrete ____________
testosterone
disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex function
Addison’s Disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
disorder caused by excessive adrenal cortex production
Cushing’s Disease (hyperadrenocorticism)
insufficient antidiuretic hormone production
Diabetes insipidus
metabolic disorder of inadequate secretion of insulin resulting in increased drinking, urination, and weight loss
Diabetes mellitus
high blood glucose
Hyperglycemia
low blood glucose
Hypoglycemia
condition of excess thyroid hormone
Hyperthyroidism
condition of thyroid hormone deficiency
Hypothyroidism
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
T3 and T4
Thyroid hormones commonly tested
The reproductive organs are called
genitals
or scrotal sac is the external pouch that encloses andsupports the testes
scrotum
the male sex glands that produce sperm
testicles
a singular tube passing through the penis to the outside of the body that serves both reproductive and urinary systems
urethra
retractable fold of skin covering the penis
Prepuce
_________ have an os penis
Dogs
produce estrogen, progesterone, and ova (eggs)
ovaries
a thick-walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining
uterus
prevents foreign substances from entering the uterus
cervix
the external genitalia
vulva
milk-producing glands in females
mammary glands
cycles repeat at the end of previous cycle
Polyestrus
cycles only once with a long break in between
Monoestrus
_________ are seasonal polyestrus
Cats
_________ are nonseasonal monoestrus
Dogs
the female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products
placenta
the structure that forms where the fetus communicates with the placenta
umbilical cord
the period of development of the fetus in the uterus from conception to birth and is the term more commonly used in animals
Gestation
The newborn is called a __________
neonate
The first stool of a newborn that consists of material collected in the intestine of the fetus
meconium
a thick fluid containing nutrients and antibodies needed by the neonate the mammary glands of the mother secrete
colostrum
the process of forming and secreting milk
Lactation
developmental defect in which one or both testicles fails to descend
Cryptorchidism
difficult birth
Dystocia
inflammation of the mammary gland
Mastitis
pus in the uterus
Pyometra
sexually altering of males
Neuter
an animal that is not neutered
Intact
surgical removal of the ovaries, uterus, and uterine tubes; also called a spay
Ovariohysterectomy (OHE)
AI
Artificial Insemination
OHE
Ovariohysterectomy
detects and processes internal and external information and formulates appropriate responses
nervous system
The basic unit of the nervous system
neuron
protective covering over some nerve cells including parts of the spinal cord
Myelin
made up of the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
carries the tracts that influence the limbs and lower part of the body and is the pathway for impulses going to and from the brain
spinal cord
housed within vertebrae to protect it from injury
spinal cord
record of the spinal cord after injection of contrast material
Myelogram
response of pupil to bright light; used to assess neurological damage
Pupillary light reflex (PLR)
bright, alert, and responsive
BAR
deep state of unconsciousness
Coma
awake, aware
Conscious or alert
animal appears mentally confused
Disorientation
drowsiness
Lethargy
impaired consciousness
Stupor
without coordination, “stumbling”
Ataxia
inflammation of the brain
Encephalitis
instability or abnormal formation of the spinal cord at the base of the neck; causes ataxia
Wobbler’s Syndrome
neurologic defect in which the animal appears to not know where its limbs are
Conscious proprioceptive deficit (CP) deficit
collection of signs relating to injury of the nerve to the eye
Horner’s syndrome
most common type of seizure; animal experiences loss of consciousness and muscle contractions
Grand mal
period before a seizure
Pre-ictal
the attack or actual seizure
Ictus
the period after a seizure
Postictal
fainting
Syncope
neurologic disorder characterized by head tilt, circling, and falling
Vestibular disease
involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eye
Nystagmus
without pain
Analgesia
absence of sensation
Anesthesia
BAR
Bright, alert, and responsive
CNS
Central Nervous System
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
outer layer that maintains the shape of the eye
sclera
The transparent, anterior portion of the eye provides most of the focusing power of the eye
cornea
inner layer of the eye
retina
diagnostic test to detect corneal injury by placing dye onto the surface of the cornea
Fluorescein stain
diagnostic test in which the eye should blink in response to touch
Palpebral reflex
diagnostic test using graded paper strip to measure tear production
Schirmer tear test
procedure using an instrument to indirectly measure intraocular pressure
Tonometry
cloudiness or opacity of the lens
Cataract
inflammation of the conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis
mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid
Conjunctiva
a double row of eyelashes
Distichia
group of disorders resulting from elevated intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
prolapse of gland of third eyelid in dogs
Cherry eye
turning outward of the eyelid
Ectropion
turning inward of the eyelid
Entropion
inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva
Keratoconjunctivitis “dry eye”
drying out of the lens with age
Nuclear sclerosis
removal of the eyeball
Enucleation
external portion of ear that catches sound waves and transmits sound waves
Pinna
“Eardrum”;Tissue that separates the external ear from the middle ear
Tympanic membrane
part of ear that contains sensory receptors for hearing and balance
inner ear
procedure used to examine the ear for parasites, irritation, discharge, and the eardrum
Otoscopy
the instrument used for otoscopy
Otoscope
collection or mass of blood on the outer ear
Aural hematoma
inflammation of the ear
Otitis
inflammation of the outer ear
Otitis externa
inflammation of the middle ear
Otitis media
inflammation of the inner ear
Otitis interna
removal of a part of the ear
Ablation
AD
right ear
AS
left ear
AU
both ears
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
OU
both eyes
parameters taken from the animal to assess its health
Vital signs
the medical term for fever
Febrile; Pyrexia
means without a fever
Afebrile
instrument used to enlarge the opening of a canal or cavity
Speculum
instrument used to measure the concentration of serum, urine, and other body fluids
Refractometer
a machine that spins samples very rapidly to separate elements
Centrifuge
ratio of diseased animals to well animals in a population
Morbidity
ratio of diseased animals that die to diseased animals
Mortality
means prevention
Prophylaxis
disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans
Zoonosis
the determined cause of the disease
Diagnosis
the prediction of the outcome of disease
Prognosis
a characteristic of disease that can be observed by others
Sign
characteristic of disease that can be sensed only by the patient
Symptom
set of signs that occur together
Syndrome
ongoing presence of disease in a group
Endemic
the sudden and widespread outbreak of disease in a group
Epidemic
occurring over a large geographic area
Pandemic
visual examination of the interior of any cavity of the body by means of an endoscope
Endoscopy
pairs of pouches that store an oily, foul-smelling fluid secreted by the anal glands
Anal sacs
secretory tissues that are stored in the anal sacs
Anal glands
large, shearing cheek tooth
Carnassial tooth
physical makeup of an animal
Constitution
ingestion of feces
Coprophagia
device placed around neck and head of dogs to prevent them from traumatizing an area
Elizabethan collar
more than the normal amount of digits
Polydactyly
color of nose (mask), ears, tail, and feet of an animal
Points
tame and easygoing
Docile
describes behavior that is more lethargic than normal
Dull
wild, not domesticated
Feral
the way an animal moves
Gait
white paws
Gloves
shine
Luster
excessive fat accumulation in the body
Obesity
isolation of animals to determine whether they have or carry a disease
Quarantine
Upper respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica that produces a severe hacking cough; also called kennel cough
Bordetella
Adenovirus infection in canines that causes signs of upper respiratory disease; abbreviated CAV-2
Hepatitis/Canine adenovirus 2
Highly contagious paramyxovirus infection in canines that is associated with respiratory, digestive, muscular, and neurologic signs, abbreviated CDV
Canine distemper
infection in canines that primarily affects newborn puppies and is associated with listlessness, nasal discharge, rash, neurologic signs, and death; abbreviated CHV
Canine herpesvirus
Paramyxovirus infection of canines that contribute to upper respiratory infections ans causes bronchitis
Canine parainfluenza
Highly contagious parvoviral infection in canines that is associated with severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration
Canine parvovirus
Infection in felines that is associated with upper respiratory and ocular infections
Feline calicivirus
Bacterial infection in felines that is associated with upper respiratory infections and ocular infections
Feline chlamydia
Infection in felines that initially presents with fever that over a long period of time progresses to a wider range of clinical signs such as anemia, lethargy, weight loss, and secondary infections, abbreviated FIV
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Feline retrovirus that may produce elevated levels of abnormal leukocytes, immune suppression, cancer, and illness associated with immune suppression; abbreviated FeLV
Feline leukemia
Parvovirus infection of felines that is associated with fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and a decrease in all types of white blood cells; abbreviated FPV; commonly called feline distemper
Feline panleukopenia
Herpesvirus infection in felines that is associated with upper respiratory and ocular infections
Feline rhinotracheitis
Bacterial disease; signs include renal failure, jaundice, fever, and abortion
Leptospirosis
Bacterial disease caused by a tick; associated with fever, anorexia, joint disorders, and occasionally neurologic signs
Lyme disease
Fatal zoonotic infection of all warm blooded animals that causes neurologic signs; transmitted by a bite or infection of body fluid; abbreviated RV; is required by public health agencies for licensure of dogs
Rabies
group that regulates what can go on pet food labels
AAFCO
AAFCO doesn’t regulate___________ or ___________
brochures; commercials
To say beef, chicken, or lamb food must have ___%
95
to say dinner, formula, entree, platter, or stew, food must have ___% of ingredient following it
25
to say with, food must have ___% ingredient after
3
to say flavor, food must have ___________ of flavor
a trace
