Final

Question 0

Name the 6 micro and macro nutrients

Answer 0

Micro- vitamins, minerals, water

Macro- carbohydrates proteins and fats

Question 1

What is fiber and why is it important

Answer 1

It is a an indigestible carbohydrate.

Can help prevent diabetes and colon cancer

Question 2

Explain the function of each micro nutrient

Answer 2

Vitamins- organic substances needed by all cells for them to preform specific metabolic substances
Minerals- metallic elements vital for proper cell function
Water- 60% of body, needed for life

Question 3

Explain the function and calories per gram of each macro nutrient

Answer 3

Carbs- primary energy source (4 cals per gram)
Proteins- provides amino acids for repair of body (4 cal/gram)
Fat- supply concentrated amount of energy and protect vital organs (9 cal/gram

Question 4

What 3 nutrients must be broken down before they are absorbed?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats

Question 5

Which nutrients are directly absorbed?

Answer 5

Vitamins, minerals, water

Question 6

What nutrient can’t the body do without

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

What are the two types of vitamins?

Answer 7

Fat soluble- stored

Water soluble- not stored

Question 8

What percent of body is water

Answer 8

60%

Question 9

What is formula for how much water should be consumed daily?

Answer 9

Half your body weight in ounces

Question 10

How many more calories does fat have than carbs or proteins?

Answer 10

5 more

Question 11

What is the body’s first fuel choice?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

What is the body’s second fuel of choice?

Answer 12

Fats

Question 13

What is the body’s third fuel of choice?

Answer 13

Protein

Question 14

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 14

The mouth

Question 15

What are enzymes?

Answer 15

Substances that initiate chemical reactions in the body

Question 16

What is the alimentary canal and what is another name for it?

Answer 16

The tube that food goes down and leads to the stomach.

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine

Question 17

Define accessory organs

Answer 17

Organs outside of the alimentary canal that aid in digestion

Question 18

What is peristalsis?

Answer 18

Wave like circular contractions occurring throughout the alimentary canal

Question 19

Define bolus

Answer 19

Chewed up round ball of food

Question 20

Define rugae

Answer 20

Folds or creases in the stomachs lining

Question 21

What are gastric pits?

Answer 21

Located in the stomach and hold hydrochloride acid, mucous, and enzymes

Question 22

Define chyme

Answer 22

A creamy mass of digested food

Question 23

List 3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 23

Duodenum, ileum, and jejunum

Absorption occurs in the small intestines.

Question 24

Where is bile stored and what is its role?

Answer 24

In the gall bladder. Bile helps break down fat

Question 25

What is the role of the pancreas

Answer 25

To produce insulin

Question 26

Define absorption

Answer 26

The process of nutrients leaving the small intestine and passing into the circulatory system

Question 27

Define metabolism

Answer 27

The process by which the cells in the body produce energy

Question 28

Define metabolic rate

Answer 28

The rate you burn calories

Question 29

Define basic metabolic rate

Answer 29

The rate you burn calories at rest

Question 30

What is the role of the liver?

Answer 30

``` Produces bile salts Converts glucose to oxygen Maintains body's balance of sugar Changes toxic wastes Stores vitamins ```

Question 31

What is ATP

Answer 31

The body's storage molecule (3)

Question 32

What is ADP

Answer 32

Combines with a free phosphate to produce ATP (2)

Question 33

What is catabolism

Answer 33

The breaking down process

Question 34

What is anabolism

Answer 34

The building up process

Question 35

What is the role of the thyroid

Answer 35

It is responsible for BMR

Question 36

What is the role of the submandibular, sublingual, and parotid glands?

Answer 36

Submandibular- chewing, moving jaw?? Sublingual- talking?? Parotid- swallowing??

Question 37

List 4 factors affecting metabolism/weight

Answer 37

Height Age Gender Activity level

Question 38

What is cholesterol?

Answer 38

A type of fat found in your body's cells

Question 39

What is HDL and what does it stand for?

Answer 39

High density lipoprotein | It is the healthy/good cholesterol

Question 40

What is LDL and what does it stand for?

Answer 40

Low density lipoprotein | Bad/lousy cholesterol

Question 41

What number is desirable in terms of cholesterol?

Answer 41

Less than 200

Question 42

What is the ideal blood pressure?

Answer 42

115/75

Question 43

What number is systolic and what is it

Answer 43

The top/1st number | It is the pressure exerted when your heart beats

Question 44

What number is diastolic and what is it?

Answer 44

The bottom/2nd number | Pressure in your arteries when your heart beats

Question 45

Define metabolic syndrome

Answer 45

A collection of health risks increasing the chance of devolving heart disease, stroke, and diabetes

Question 46

What is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 46

Disease affecting the heart and/or blood vessels

Question 47

List 3 non-modifiable factors of cardiovascular disease

Answer 47

Heredity Age Male gender

Question 48

List 6 modifiable factors of cardiovascular disease

Answer 48

``` Blood pressure Diabetes Inactivity Smoking Cholesterol Obesity ```

Question 49

What is your heart the size of?

Answer 49

Your fist

Question 50

Does breakfast jumpstart metabolism?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

How long should one exercise daily to maintain weight and health?

Answer 51

30 mins

Question 52

Overload

Answer 52

Exercising at a level above normal | Frequency, intensity, time, type

Question 53

Specificity

Answer 53

Targeting a muscle for improvement

Question 54

Individual differences

Answer 54

Same training will affect people differently

Question 55

Reversibility

Answer 55

Detraining begins 1-2 weeks later

Question 56

Formula for max heart rate

Answer 56

220-age

Question 57

Recovery rate formula

Answer 57

Exercise pulse- 1 min rest pulse

Question 58

Number of bones in the body

Answer 58

206

Question 59

4 types of bones

Answer 59

Short Long Irregular Flat

Question 60

Technical names for fingers and toes

Answer 60

Phalanges

Question 61

Collar bone

Answer 61

Clavicle

Question 62

Shoulder blade

Answer 62

Scapula

Question 63

Breast plate

Answer 63

Sternum

Question 64

Funny bone

Answer 64

Humerus

Question 65

Wrist bone

Answer 65

Carpals

Question 66

Palm of hand

Answer 66

Metacarpal

Question 67

Large upper leg bone

Answer 67

Femur

Question 68

Weight bearing bone in lower leg

Answer 68

Tibia

Question 69

Ankle bones

Answer 69

Tarsals

Question 70

Instep

Answer 70

Metatarsals

Question 71

Thumb side bone in arm

Answer 71

Radius

Question 72

Pinky side bone in arm

Answer 72

Ulna

Question 73

Vertebral column in order

Answer 73

Axis, atlas, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

Question 74

Number of muscles

Answer 74

600

Question 75

3 types of muscles

Answer 75

Unstriated (smooth) Striated (skeletal) Heart (cardiac)

Question 76

2 muscle fiber types and exercise they are related to

Answer 76

Fast twitch- short term, sprint | Slow twitch- long term, aerobic, run, jog