Final Flashcards
depression
pervasive feelings of sadness, irritability and low self esteem
quarter life crisis
Similar to a midlife crisis, but occurs in one’s 20s.
emerging adulthood
A relatively new term referring to the period when people are not adolescents but are not fully adults.
edgework
Living on the boundary between life and death in physically or psychologically risky situations.
binge drinking
Binge drinking: consuming ≥5 (men) or ≥4 (women) in one sitting.
metabolism
‘building up’ (anabolism) and ‘breaking down’ (catabolism).
post formal thought
Truth may vary across situations; a solution must be realistic to be reasonable, ambiguity and contradiction are tolerated; logic and emotion are integrated.
implicit social beliefs
Emotionally laden mental representations of beliefs, rules, and values.
social clock
Age-graded expectations for major life events, such as getting married, birth of a child, buying a home, and retirement.
life story
A personal narrative that organizes past events into coherent sequence
possible selves
Representations of one’s hoped-for-selves and feared-for-selves.
locus of control internal
Internal: The belief that one is the master of one’s destiny.
locus of control external
External: The belief that we are largely powerless and our circumstances are driven by factors outside of our control.
infatuation
Characterizes early stages of romance when passion is high, but intimacy and commitment are lower.
assortative mating
Selecting one’s partner based on similarity across many dimensions.
familism
The family’s well-being takes precedence over an individual family member’s concerns.
covenant marriage
Makes marriage more difficult by expanding the marriage contract to a lifelong commitment within a supportive community.
collaborative divorce
Voluntary agreement for couples to negotiate their divorce rather than a court imposing the terms; beneficial in many ways.
reality shock
Situation in which what you learn in the classroom does not always transfer directly into the “real world” and does not represent all that you need to know
alienation
Feeling that results in workers when their work seems meaningless and their efforts devalued or when they see no connection between their own work and the final product
burnout
A depletion of a person’s energy and motivation, the loss of occupational idealism, and the feeling that one is being exploited
supers theory
Exploratory (age 15-24)
Establishment (age 24-44)
Maintenance (age 45-64)
Decline (age 65 and beyond)
work family conflict
The feeling of being pulled in multiple directions by incompatible demands from one’s job and one’s family
osteoarthritis
A degenerative disease caused by injury or overuse (“wear-and-tear”)
osteoporosis
A disease in which bones become porous and break easily.
perimenopause
Transition phase from regular menstruation to menopause.
type a personality
Intensely competitive, angry, hostile, restless, and aggressive.
mid life crisis
Some theory suggests that it occurs because people realize that they are unlikely to achieve all of their life goals.
practical intelligence
Broad range of skills related to how individuals adapt to their physical and social environments and solve “real world” problems.
encapsulation
When thinking processes merge with the products of thinking (expertise).
empty nest
last child leaving the house
nuclear family
consists only of parents and children
extended family
Extended: Consists of parents, children, grandparents, and other relatives living together.
kinkeeper
The person who gathers the family together for celebrations and keeps them in touch.
identity status
a. Diffusion: individual is overwhelmed by the task of achieving an identity and does little to accomplish the task
b. Foreclosure: the individual has a status determined by adults rather than by personal exploration
c. Moratorium: the individual is examining different alternatives but has yet to find one that’s satisfactory
d. Achievement: the individual has explored alternatives and has deliberately chosen a specific identity
3 stages of career development planning
a. Implementation task: begins in early 20s. Summer internships. Series of temporary jobs, try out possible careers.
b. Stabilization task: mid 20s, selects specific occupation during young adulthood which carries through mid 30s
c. Consolidation task: begins in mid-30s, continues for rest of working life. Work up career ladder.
ways to reduce teen drinking
- Changing the college drinking culture
- Reducing belief that everyone is drinking or that drinking is acceptable
- Publicizing the true rate of drinking on campus, which is usually lower than students believe
- 2nd-hand drinking effects, such as nondrinkers being insulted or assaulted
adolescent limited antisocial behavior
a. The behavior of youth who engage in relatively minor criminal acts but aren’t consistently antisocial
life course persistent antisocial behavior
a. Antisocial behavior that emerges at an early age and continues throughout life
how does poverty lead to crime
a. Extremely stressful
b. Parents promote aggression because they are stressed
c. Violence is more common in poverty stricken neighborhoods, which exposes kids to violence which can be more likely in adulthood
three stages of rites of passages
- Separation
- Transition
- Incorporation
primary mental abilities
Primary: groups of related skills organized into hypothetical constructs.
secondary mental abilities
Secondary: clusters of related primary abilities used as a framework for describing intelligence’s structure and difficult to measure directly
fluid intelligence
Fluid: Being a flexible, adaptive thinker, who can make inferences, and understand concepts’ relationships (Declines throughout adulthood)
crystalized intelligence
Crystalized: knowledge of facts, definitions, language, etc. acquired by life experience. (Improves throughout adulthood)
3 phases of reflective judgement
a. Prereflective reasoning (stages 1-3): belief that knowledge is gained through the world of an authority figure or through firsthand observation rather than through evaluation of evidence “if it’s on Fox News it must be true”
b. Quasi-reflective reasoning (Stage 4-5): recognition that knowledge contains elements of uncertainty, which attribute to missing info or to methods of obtaining the evidence. Even though they use evidence they don’t understand how evidence entails a conclusion. “I would believe in climate change if there is proof; scientists can be making it up”
c. Reflective reasoning (stages 6-7): People who hold these assumptions accept that knowledge claims cannot be made with certainty but are not immobilized by it “it is difficult to be certain about things in life, but you can draw your own conclusions about them based on how well an argument is put together based on the data used to support it”
gender differences in friends
Male
friendships are less intimate; based more on shared interests or activities
friendships tend to involve less sharing and more competition
Female
tend to base friendships more on confiding in others; intimate and emotional sharing
tend to have more close friends
sternbergs 3 components of love
Passion: intense physical desire
Intimacy: feeling of being able to share all one’s thoughts and actions with the other
Commitment: willingness to stay with the person through good and bad times
social cognitive career theory
The 4-variable version
- Self-efficacy (perceived ability)
- Outcome expectations (predicted success)
- Interest (what one likes)
- Choice goals (what one desires to achieve)
- Support (how environment would help)
- Barriers (how environment would frustrate one’s career)
Generavity
a. Generavity: being productive by helping others in order to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation
Stagnation
b. Stagnation: the state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults
