Chapter 1 Flashcards
Heredity
- Human eggs contain 23 chromosomes from mothers 46
- Human sperm contain 23 chromosomes from dad’s 46
- Offspring has 23 pairs
Sex Chromosomes
-Males: XY chromosomes
X from mom, Y from dad
-Females: XX chromosomes
X from mom, X from dad
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- Partial
- Complete
Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (PAIS)
- Individual develops as male but w/ reduced masculinization
- Possibly under development of male primary sex characteristics and/or partial development of female secondary sex characteristics
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
- Can easily go unnoticed into young adulthood
- Individual develops as female externally
- Very little body hair
- Considered attractive
- Unable to become pregnant
Behavioral Genetics
- Studies the inheritance of behavioral and psychological traits
- Complex, because most traits are result of many genes instead of only one gene or alleles pair
Polygenetic Inheritance
-When many genes affect the phenotype of a physical, psychological, or behavioral trait
Heritability Coefficient
-Difference between two correlations concerning scores on a trait
Weeks of the Zygote
-Weeks 1-2
Weeks of the Embryo
-Weeks 3-8
Weeks of the Fetus
-Weeks 9-birth
Period of the Zygote
- Weeks 1-2
- Zygote travels down fallopian tube and is implanted in uterine wall after fert.
- Implantation triggers hormonal changes to prevent menstruation
- Center of zygote contains germ disc
- Other cells form placenta, which supports baby’s development
Germ Disc
Cells that develop into a baby
Period of the Embryo
- Weeks 3-8
- Body structures, internal organs, and the three layers of the embryo develop
- Amniotic sac fills with fluid and the umbillical cord connects the embryo to the placenta
- Umbillical cord’s blood vessels join placenta to the embryo
Three layers of the embryo
- Ectoderm
- Mesoderm
- Endoderm
Period of the Fetus
-Weeks 9-birth
Week 4 of Fetus
- Neural tube forms
- Spinal cord and brain grow
- Cerebral cortex flourishes
Week 9 of Fetus
-Differentiation of the ovaries and testes
Week 12 of Fetus
-Circulatory system begins to function
Week 16 of Fetus
-Movements felt by mother
Week 20 of Fetus
- Eyebrow
- Eyelashes
- Scalp hair
- Skin thickens and covered by protective greasy substance (vernix)
Weeks 22-28
-Age of viability
Weeks 22 and beyond
- Senses active
- Baby can remember voices, music and tastes
Principles of Growth
- Cephalocaudal principle
- Proximodistal principle
Cephalocaudal principle
-Growth from head to spine
Proximodistal principle
-Growth from areas close to the body to farthest from the body
